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slovo definícia ypres (encz) Ypres, ypres (wn) Ypres n 1: battle in World War I (1917); an Allied offensive which eventually failed because tanks bogged down in the waterlogged soil of Flanders; Germans introduced mustard gas which interfered with the Allied artillery [syn: Ypres, battle of Ypres, third battle of Ypres] 2: battle in World War I (1915); Germans wanted to try chlorine (a toxic yellow gas) as a weapon and succeeded in taking considerable territory from the Allied salient [syn: Ypres, battle of Ypres, second battle of Ypres] 3: battle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others [syn: Ypres, battle of Ypres, {first battle of Ypres}]

podobné slovo definícia cypress (encz) cypress,cypřiš n: [bot.] Zdeněk Brož cypress family (encz) cypress family, n: cypress pine (encz) cypress pine, n: cypress sedge (encz) cypress sedge, n: cypress spurge (encz) cypress spurge, n: cypress tree (encz) cypress tree, n: cypress vine (encz) cypress vine, n: cypresses (encz) cypresses,cypřiše n: pl. [bot.] Nijel first battle of ypres (encz) first battle of Ypres, n: gowen cypress (encz) gowen cypress, n: italian cypress (encz) Italian cypress, lypressin (encz) lypressin, n: pond bald cypress (encz) pond bald cypress, n: pond cypress (encz) pond cypress, n: pygmy cypress (encz) pygmy cypress, n: red cypress pine (encz) red cypress pine, n: second battle of ypres (encz) second battle of Ypres, n: southern cypress (encz) southern cypress, n: summer cypress (encz) summer cypress, n: swamp cypress (encz) swamp cypress, n: third battle of ypres (encz) third battle of Ypres, n: white cypress (encz) white cypress,tisovec dvouřadý n: [bot.] PetrV white cypress pine (encz) white cypress pine, n: yellow cypress (encz) yellow cypress, n: Cypres (gcide) Cypres \Cy`pres"\ (s?`pr?" or s?`pr?s"), n. [OF., nearly.] (Law) A rule for construing written instruments so as to conform as nearly to the intention of the parties as is consistent with law. --Mozley & W. [1913 Webster] Cypress (gcide) Cypress \Cy"press\ (s?"pr?s), n.; pl. Cypresses (-?z). [OE. cipres, cipresse, OF. cipres, F. cypr?s, L. cupressus, cyparissus (cf. the usual Lat. form cupressus), fr. Gr. ????, perh. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. g?pher, Gen. vi. 14.] (Bot) A coniferous tree of the genus Cupressus. The species are mostly evergreen, and have wood remarkable for its durability. [1913 Webster] Note: Among the trees called cypress are the common Oriental cypress, Cupressus sempervirens, the evergreen American cypress, Cupressus thyoides (now called Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea), and the deciduous American cypress, Taxodium distichum. As having anciently been used at funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an emblem of mourning and sadness. [1913 Webster] Cypress vine (Bot.), a climbing plant with red or white flowers (Ipot[oe]a Quamoclit, formerly {Quamoclit vulgaris}). [1913 Webster] Cypress vine (gcide) Cypress \Cy"press\ (s?"pr?s), n.; pl. Cypresses (-?z). [OE. cipres, cipresse, OF. cipres, F. cypr?s, L. cupressus, cyparissus (cf. the usual Lat. form cupressus), fr. Gr. ????, perh. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. g?pher, Gen. vi. 14.] (Bot) A coniferous tree of the genus Cupressus. The species are mostly evergreen, and have wood remarkable for its durability. [1913 Webster] Note: Among the trees called cypress are the common Oriental cypress, Cupressus sempervirens, the evergreen American cypress, Cupressus thyoides (now called Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea), and the deciduous American cypress, Taxodium distichum. As having anciently been used at funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an emblem of mourning and sadness. [1913 Webster] Cypress vine (Bot.), a climbing plant with red or white flowers (Ipot[oe]a Quamoclit, formerly {Quamoclit vulgaris}). [1913 Webster] Cypresses (gcide) Cypress \Cy"press\ (s?"pr?s), n.; pl. Cypresses (-?z). [OE. cipres, cipresse, OF. cipres, F. cypr?s, L. cupressus, cyparissus (cf. the usual Lat. form cupressus), fr. Gr. ????, perh. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. g?pher, Gen. vi. 14.] (Bot) A coniferous tree of the genus Cupressus. The species are mostly evergreen, and have wood remarkable for its durability. [1913 Webster] Note: Among the trees called cypress are the common Oriental cypress, Cupressus sempervirens, the evergreen American cypress, Cupressus thyoides (now called Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea), and the deciduous American cypress, Taxodium distichum. As having anciently been used at funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an emblem of mourning and sadness. [1913 Webster] Cypress vine (Bot.), a climbing plant with red or white flowers (Ipot[oe]a Quamoclit, formerly {Quamoclit vulgaris}). [1913 Webster] cypress-pine (gcide) cypress-pine \cypress-pine\ n. any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and N Caledonia. Syn: cypress pine. [WordNet 1.5] Ground cypress (gcide) ground \ground\ (ground), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.] 1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. [1913 Webster] There was not a man to till the ground. --Gen. ii. 5. [1913 Webster] The fire ran along upon the ground. --Ex. ix. 23. Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth. [1913 Webster] 2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. [1913 Webster] From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. [1913 Webster] Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. --Dryden. 4. [1913 Webster] 4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope. [1913 Webster] 5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels. [1913 Webster] 6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle. [1913 Webster] 7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural. [1913 Webster] Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them. [1913 Webster] 8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. --Moore (Encyc.). [1913 Webster] On that ground I'll build a holy descant. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit. [1913 Webster] 10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds. [1913 Webster] 11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] --B. Jonson. [1913 Webster] Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. --Simmonds. Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, --Wallon. Ground bass or Ground base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. Ground beetle (Zool.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabid[ae], living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (Physalis Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Cham[ae]cerasus), with small, very acid fruit. Ground cuckoo. (Zool.) See Chaparral cock. Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. Ground dove (Zool.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. Ground fish (Zool.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest-harrow. Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb ({Veronica officinalis}) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. Ground hog. (Zool.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] --Spenser. Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. Ground lark (Zool.), the European pipit. See Pipit. Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. Ground parrakeet (Zool.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. Ground pearl (Zool.), an insect of the family Coccid[ae] (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. Ground pig (Zool.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. Ground pigeon (Zool.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga ({A. Cham[ae]pitys}), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. --Sir J. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also {club moss}. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. --Gray. Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. --Knight. Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant ({Astragalus caryocarpus}) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. Ground rat. (Zool.) See Ground pig (above). Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. Ground robin. (Zool.) See Chewink. Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. --Tatler. Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). Ground snake (Zool.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta am[oe]na). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. Ground squirrel. (Zool.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] --Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. --Totten. Ground thrush (Zool.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittid[ae]. See Pitta. Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. --Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. --Knight. Ground tit. (Zool.) See Ground wren (below). Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. Ground wren (Zool.), a small California bird ({Cham[ae]a fasciata}) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhabits the arid plains. Called also ground tit, and wren tit. To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. To get ground, or To gather ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." --Milton. [1913 Webster] There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. --South. To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. [1913 Webster] These nine . . . began to give me ground. --Shak. To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. --Atterbury. To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship. [1913 Webster]Lavender \Lav"en*der\, n. [OE. lavendre, F. lavande, It. lavanda lavender, a washing, fr. L. lavare to wash; cf. It. lsavendola, LL. lavendula. So called because it was used in bathing and washing. See Lave. to wash, and cf. Lavender.] 1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant of the genus Lavandula (Lavandula vera), common in the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and perfumery. The {Spike lavender} (Lavandula Spica) yields a coarser oil (oil of spike), used in the arts. [1913 Webster] 2. The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more delicate than lilac. [1913 Webster] Lavender cotton (Bot.), a low, twiggy, aromatic shrub (Santolina Cham[ae]cyparissus) of the Mediterranean region, formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from wardrobes. Also called {ground cypress}. Lavender water, a perfume, toilet water, or shaving lotion containing the essential oil of lavender, and sometimes the essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris. Sea lavender. (Bot.) See Marsh rosemary. To lay in lavender. (a) To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of lavender. (b) To pawn. [Obs.] [1913 Webster +PJC] ground cypress (gcide) ground \ground\ (ground), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.] 1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. [1913 Webster] There was not a man to till the ground. --Gen. ii. 5. [1913 Webster] The fire ran along upon the ground. --Ex. ix. 23. Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth. [1913 Webster] 2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. [1913 Webster] From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. [1913 Webster] Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. --Dryden. 4. [1913 Webster] 4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope. [1913 Webster] 5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels. [1913 Webster] 6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle. [1913 Webster] 7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural. [1913 Webster] Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them. [1913 Webster] 8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. --Moore (Encyc.). [1913 Webster] On that ground I'll build a holy descant. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit. [1913 Webster] 10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds. [1913 Webster] 11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] --B. Jonson. [1913 Webster] Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. --Simmonds. Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, --Wallon. Ground bass or Ground base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. Ground beetle (Zool.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabid[ae], living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (Physalis Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Cham[ae]cerasus), with small, very acid fruit. Ground cuckoo. (Zool.) See Chaparral cock. Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. Ground dove (Zool.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. Ground fish (Zool.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest-harrow. Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb ({Veronica officinalis}) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. Ground hog. (Zool.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] --Spenser. Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. Ground lark (Zool.), the European pipit. See Pipit. Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. Ground parrakeet (Zool.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. Ground pearl (Zool.), an insect of the family Coccid[ae] (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. Ground pig (Zool.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. Ground pigeon (Zool.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga ({A. Cham[ae]pitys}), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. --Sir J. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also {club moss}. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. --Gray. Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. --Knight. Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant ({Astragalus caryocarpus}) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. Ground rat. (Zool.) See Ground pig (above). Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. Ground robin. (Zool.) See Chewink. Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. --Tatler. Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). Ground snake (Zool.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta am[oe]na). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. Ground squirrel. (Zool.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] --Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. --Totten. Ground thrush (Zool.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittid[ae]. See Pitta. Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. --Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. --Knight. Ground tit. (Zool.) See Ground wren (below). Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. Ground wren (Zool.), a small California bird ({Cham[ae]a fasciata}) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhabits the arid plains. Called also ground tit, and wren tit. To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. To get ground, or To gather ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." --Milton. [1913 Webster] There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. --South. To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. [1913 Webster] These nine . . . began to give me ground. --Shak. To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. --Atterbury. To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship. [1913 Webster]Lavender \Lav"en*der\, n. [OE. lavendre, F. lavande, It. lavanda lavender, a washing, fr. L. lavare to wash; cf. It. lsavendola, LL. lavendula. So called because it was used in bathing and washing. See Lave. to wash, and cf. Lavender.] 1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant of the genus Lavandula (Lavandula vera), common in the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and perfumery. The {Spike lavender} (Lavandula Spica) yields a coarser oil (oil of spike), used in the arts. [1913 Webster] 2. The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more delicate than lilac. [1913 Webster] Lavender cotton (Bot.), a low, twiggy, aromatic shrub (Santolina Cham[ae]cyparissus) of the Mediterranean region, formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from wardrobes. Also called {ground cypress}. Lavender water, a perfume, toilet water, or shaving lotion containing the essential oil of lavender, and sometimes the essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris. Sea lavender. (Bot.) See Marsh rosemary. To lay in lavender. (a) To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of lavender. (b) To pawn. [Obs.] [1913 Webster +PJC] Summer cypress (gcide) Summer \Sum"mer\, n. [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin to OFries. sumur, D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. & Icel. sumar, Dan. sommer, Sw. sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr. sam[=a] year. [root]292.] The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly upon any region; the warmest period of the year. [1913 Webster] Note: North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox, about September 22d. [1913 Webster] Indian summer, in North America, a period of warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is derived probably from the custom of the Indians of using this time in preparation for winter by laying in stores of food. Saint Martin's summer. See under Saint. Summer bird (Zool.), the wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] Summer colt, the undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when heated. [Eng.] Summer complaint (Med.), a popular term for any diarrheal disorder occurring in summer, especially when produced by heat and indigestion. Summer coot (Zool.), the American gallinule. [Local, U.S.] Summer cypress (Bot.), an annual plant (Kochia Scoparia) of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate, crowded leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens. Summer duck. (Zool.) (a) The wood duck. (b) The garganey, or summer teal. See Illust. of Wood duck, under Wood. Summer fallow, land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds. Summer rash (Med.), prickly heat. See under Prickly. Summer sheldrake (Zool.), the hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] Summer snipe. (Zool.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The common European sandpiper. (c) The green sandpiper. Summer tanager (Zool.), a singing bird (Piranga rubra) native of the Middle and Southern United States. The male is deep red, the female is yellowish olive above and yellow beneath. Called also summer redbird. Summer teal (Zool.), the blue-winged teal. [Local, U.S.] Summer wheat, wheat that is sown in the spring, and matures during the summer following. See Spring wheat. Summer yellowbird. (Zool.) See Yellowbird. [1913 Webster] Ypres lace (gcide) Ypres lace \Y"pres lace`\ Fine bobbin lace made at Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly like Valenciennes lace. [1913 Webster] arizona cypress (wn) Arizona cypress n 1: Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage [syn: Arizona cypress, Cupressus arizonica] bald cypress (wn) bald cypress n 1: smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum [syn: pond cypress, bald cypress, Taxodium ascendens] 2: common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms [syn: bald cypress, swamp cypress, {pond bald cypress}, southern cypress, Taxodium distichum] battle of ypres (wn) battle of Ypres n 1: battle in World War I (1917); an Allied offensive which eventually failed because tanks bogged down in the waterlogged soil of Flanders; Germans introduced mustard gas which interfered with the Allied artillery [syn: Ypres, battle of Ypres, third battle of Ypres] 2: battle in World War I (1915); Germans wanted to try chlorine (a toxic yellow gas) as a weapon and succeeded in taking considerable territory from the Allied salient [syn: Ypres, battle of Ypres, second battle of Ypres] 3: battle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others [syn: Ypres, battle of Ypres, {first battle of Ypres}] black cypress pine (wn) black cypress pine n 1: Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin [syn: black cypress pine, red cypress pine, {Callitris endlicheri}, Callitris calcarata] cypress (wn) cypress n 1: wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus 2: any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones [syn: cypress, cypress tree] cypress family (wn) cypress family n 1: cypresses and junipers and many cedars [syn: Cupressaceae, family Cupressaceae, cypress family] cypress pine (wn) cypress pine n 1: any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia cypress sedge (wn) cypress sedge n 1: tufted sedge of temperate regions; nearly cosmopolitan [syn: cypress sedge, Carex pseudocyperus] cypress spurge (wn) cypress spurge n 1: Old World perennial having foliage resembling cypress; naturalized as a weed in the United States [syn: {cypress spurge}, Euphorbia cyparissias] cypress tree (wn) cypress tree n 1: any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones [syn: cypress, cypress tree] cypress vine (wn) cypress vine n 1: tropical American annual climber having red (sometimes white) flowers and finely dissected leaves; naturalized in United States and elsewhere [syn: cypress vine, {star- glory}, Indian pink, Ipomoea quamoclit, {Quamoclit pennata}] first battle of ypres (wn) first battle of Ypres n 1: battle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others [syn: Ypres, battle of Ypres, first battle of Ypres] gowen cypress (wn) gowen cypress n 1: small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress [syn: gowen cypress, Cupressus goveniana] guadalupe cypress (wn) Guadalupe cypress n 1: relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage [syn: {Guadalupe cypress}, Cupressus guadalupensis] italian cypress (wn) Italian cypress n 1: tall Eurasian cypress with thin grey bark and ascending branches [syn: Italian cypress, Mediterranean cypress, Cupressus sempervirens]