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slovo definícia bench (mass) bench - lavica bench (encz) bench,hoblice Zdeněk Brož bench (encz) bench,lavice bench (encz) bench,lavička n: Pavel Cvrček Bench (gcide) Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster] Bench (gcide) Bench \Bench\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benched; p. pr. & vb. n. Benching.] 1. To furnish with benches. [1913 Webster] 'T was benched with turf. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] Stately theaters benched crescentwise. --Tennyson. [1913 Webster] 2. To place on a bench or seat of honor. [1913 Webster] Whom I . . . have benched and reared to worship. --Shak. [1913 Webster] Bench (gcide) Bench \Bench\, v. i. To sit on a seat of justice. [R.] --Shak. [1913 Webster] bench (wn) bench n 1: a long seat for more than one person 2: a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity (with steep slopes above and below) [syn: terrace, bench] 3: persons who administer justice [syn: judiciary, bench] 4: a strong worktable for a carpenter or mechanic [syn: workbench, work bench, bench] 5: the magistrate or judge or judges sitting in court in judicial capacity to compose the court collectively 6: the reserve players on a team; "our team has a strong bench" 7: (law) the seat for judges in a courtroom v 1: take out of a game; of players 2: exhibit on a bench; "bench the poodles at the dog show" BENCH (bouvier) BENCH. Latin Bancus, used for tribunal. In England there are two courts to which this word is applied. Bancus Regius, King's Bench Bancus Communis, Com-mon Bench or Pleas. The jus banci, says Spelman, properly belongs to the king's judges, who administer justice in the last resort. The judges of the inferior courts, as of the barons, are deemed to, judge plano pede, and are such as are called in the civil law pedanei judices, or by the Greeks Xauaidixastai, that is, humi judicantes. The Greeks called the seats of their higher judges Bumata, and of their inferior judges Bathra. The Romans used the word sellae and tribunalia, to designate the seats of their higher judges, and subsellia, to designate those of the lower. See Spelman's Gloss. (ad verb.) Bancus; also, 1 Reeves Hist. Eng. Law, 40, 4to ed., and postea Curia Regis.

podobné slovo definícia bench (mass) bench - lavica backbench (encz) backbench,zadní sedadla ve sněmovně Zdeněk Brož backbencher (encz) backbencher,řadový člen parlamentu Zdeněk Brož bench (encz) bench,hoblice Zdeněk Brožbench,lavice bench,lavička n: Pavel Cvrček benche (encz) benche,lavička web benches (encz) benches,lavičky n: pl. Zdeněk Brož benchmark (encz) benchmark,výkonnostní test n: [it.] benchmarking (encz) benchmarking,výkonnostní testování v: [it.] benchmarks (encz) benchmarks,srovnávací testy Zdeněk Brož benchtop (encz) benchtop,kuchyňská deska n: Jiří Drbálekbenchtop,stolní adj: vhodný formát především laboratorního zařízení pro použití na pracovním stole Jiří Drbálek church bench (encz) church bench, n: crossbench (encz) crossbench, n: crossbencher (encz) crossbencher, n: flat bench (encz) flat bench, n: front bench (encz) front bench, n: frontbencher (encz) frontbencher, n: incline bench press (encz) incline bench press, n: lab bench (encz) lab bench, n: laboratory bench (encz) laboratory bench, n: optical bench (encz) optical bench, n: park bench (encz) park bench, n: performance benchmark (encz) performance benchmark, ride the bench (encz) ride the bench, v: warm the bench (encz) warm the bench, v: work bench (encz) work bench, n: workbench (encz) workbench,ponk n: PetrV workbenches (encz) workbenches, Alebench (gcide) Alebench \Ale"bench`\, n. A bench in or before an alehouse. --Bunyan. [1913 Webster] backbench (gcide) backbench \back"bench\ (b[a^]k"b[e^]nch), n. 1. any of the seats occupied by backbenchers in the House of Commons of Great Britain. [WordNet 1.5] backbencher (gcide) backbencher \backbencher\ (b[a^]k"b[e^]nch*[~e]r), n. a member of the House of Commons of Great Britain who is not a party leader. [WordNet 1.5] bench mark (gcide) benchmark \benchmark\, bench mark \bench mark\ (Surveying) 1. Any permanent mark to which other levels may be referred. such as: (a) A horizontal mark at the water's edge with reference to which the height of tides and floods may be measured. (b) a surveyer's mark on a permanent object of predetermined position and elevation used as a reference point. [Webster 1913 Suppl. + WordNet 1.5] 2. something serving as a standard by which related items may be judged; as, his painting sets the benchmark of quality. [PJC + WordNet 1.5] 3. a test or series of tests designed to compare the qualities or performance of different devices of the same type. Certain sets of computer programs are much used as benchmarks for comparing the performance of different computers, especially by comparing the time it takes to complete a test. [PJC]Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (gcide) benchmark \benchmark\, bench mark \bench mark\ (Surveying) 1. Any permanent mark to which other levels may be referred. such as: (a) A horizontal mark at the water's edge with reference to which the height of tides and floods may be measured. (b) a surveyer's mark on a permanent object of predetermined position and elevation used as a reference point. [Webster 1913 Suppl. + WordNet 1.5] 2. something serving as a standard by which related items may be judged; as, his painting sets the benchmark of quality. [PJC + WordNet 1.5] 3. a test or series of tests designed to compare the qualities or performance of different devices of the same type. Certain sets of computer programs are much used as benchmarks for comparing the performance of different computers, especially by comparing the time it takes to complete a test. [PJC]Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster] Bench of bishops (gcide) Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster]Bishop \Bish"op\, n. [OE. bischop, biscop, bisceop, AS. bisceop, biscop, L. episcopus overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. ?, ? over + ? inspector, fr. root of ?, ?, to look to, perh. akin to L. specere to look at. See Spy, and cf. Episcopal.] [1913 Webster] 1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director. [1913 Webster] Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. --1 Pet. ii. 25. [1913 Webster] It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently "bishop" ( ? ) and "elder" or "presbyter." --J. B. Lightfoot. [1913 Webster] 2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see. [1913 Webster] Bishop in partibus [infidelium] (R. C. Ch.), a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. --Shipley. Titular bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus. Bench of Bishops. See under Bench. [1913 Webster] 3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents. [1913 Webster] 4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called archer. [1913 Webster] 5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar. --Swift. [1913 Webster] 6. An old name for a woman's bustle. [U. S.] [1913 Webster] If, by her bishop, or her "grace" alone, A genuine lady, or a church, is known. --Saxe. [1913 Webster] Bench of Bishops (gcide) Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster]Bishop \Bish"op\, n. [OE. bischop, biscop, bisceop, AS. bisceop, biscop, L. episcopus overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. ?, ? over + ? inspector, fr. root of ?, ?, to look to, perh. akin to L. specere to look at. See Spy, and cf. Episcopal.] [1913 Webster] 1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director. [1913 Webster] Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. --1 Pet. ii. 25. [1913 Webster] It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently "bishop" ( ? ) and "elder" or "presbyter." --J. B. Lightfoot. [1913 Webster] 2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see. [1913 Webster] Bishop in partibus [infidelium] (R. C. Ch.), a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. --Shipley. Titular bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus. Bench of Bishops. See under Bench. [1913 Webster] 3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents. [1913 Webster] 4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called archer. [1913 Webster] 5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar. --Swift. [1913 Webster] 6. An old name for a woman's bustle. [U. S.] [1913 Webster] If, by her bishop, or her "grace" alone, A genuine lady, or a church, is known. --Saxe. [1913 Webster] Bench plane (gcide) Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster] Bench show (gcide) Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster] Bench table (gcide) Table \Ta"ble\ (t[=a]"'l), n. [F., fr. L. tabula a board, tablet, a painting. Cf. Tabular, Taffrail, Tavern.] 1. A smooth, flat surface, like the side of a board; a thin, flat, smooth piece of anything; a slab. [1913 Webster] A bagnio paved with fair tables of marble. --Sandys. [1913 Webster] 2. A thin, flat piece of wood, stone, metal, or other material, on which anything is cut, traced, written, or painted; a tablet; pl. a memorandum book. "The names . . . written on his tables." --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] And the Lord said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest. --Ex. xxxiv. 1. [1913 Webster] And stand there with your tables to glean The golden sentences. --Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] 3. Any smooth, flat surface upon which an inscription, a drawing, or the like, may be produced. "Painted in a table plain." --Spenser. [1913 Webster] The opposite walls are painted by Rubens, which, with that other of the Infanta taking leave of Don Philip, is a most incomparable table. --Evelyn. [1913 Webster] St. Antony has a table that hangs up to him from a poor peasant. --Addison. [1913 Webster] 4. Hence, in a great variety of applications: A condensed statement which may be comprehended by the eye in a single view; a methodical or systematic synopsis; the presentation of many items or particulars in one group; a scheme; a schedule. Specifically: [1913 Webster] (a) (Bibliog.) A view of the contents of a work; a statement of the principal topics discussed; an index; a syllabus; a synopsis; as, a table of contents. [1913 Webster] (b) (Chem.) A list of substances and their properties; especially, the a list of the elementary substances with their atomic weights, densities, symbols, etc.; the periodic table of the elements. [1913 Webster] (c) (Mathematics, Science and Technology) Any collection and arrangement in a condensed form of many particulars or values, for ready reference, as of weights, measures, currency, specific gravities, etc.; also, a series of numbers following some law, and expressing particular values corresponding to certain other numbers on which they depend, and by means of which they are taken out for use in computations; as, tables of logarithms, sines, tangents, squares, cubes, etc.; annuity tables; interest tables; astronomical tables; a table of logarithms, etc. [1913 Webster] (d) (Palmistry) The arrangement or disposition of the lines which appear on the inside of the hand. [1913 Webster] Mistress of a fairer table Hath not history for fable. --B. Jonson. [1913 Webster] 5. An article of furniture, consisting of a flat slab, board, or the like, having a smooth surface, fixed horizontally on legs, and used for a great variety of purposes, as in eating, writing, or working. [1913 Webster] We may again Give to our tables meat. --Shak. [1913 Webster] The nymph the table spread. --Pope. [1913 Webster] 6. Hence, food placed on a table to be partaken of; fare; entertainment; as, to set a good table. [1913 Webster] 7. The company assembled round a table. [1913 Webster] I drink the general joy of the whole table. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 8. (Anat.) One of the two, external and internal, layers of compact bone, separated by diploe, in the walls of the cranium. [1913 Webster] 9. (Arch.) A stringcourse which includes an offset; esp., a band of stone, or the like, set where an offset is required, so as to make it decorative. See Water table. [1913 Webster] 10. (Games) (a) The board on the opposite sides of which backgammon and draughts are played. (b) One of the divisions of a backgammon board; as, to play into the right-hand table. (c) pl. The games of backgammon and of draughts. [Obs.] --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] This is the ape of form, monsieur the nice, That, when he plays at tables, chides the dice. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 11. (Glass Manuf.) A circular plate of crown glass. [1913 Webster] A circular plate or table of about five feet diameter weighs on an average nine pounds. --Ure. [1913 Webster] 12. (Jewelry) The upper flat surface of a diamond or other precious stone, the sides of which are cut in angles. [1913 Webster] 13. (Persp.) A plane surface, supposed to be transparent and perpendicular to the horizon; -- called also {perspective plane}. [1913 Webster] 14. (Mach.) The part of a machine tool on which the work rests and is fastened. [1913 Webster] Bench table, Card table, Communion table, {Lord's table}, etc. See under Bench, Card, etc. Raised table (Arch. & Sculp.), a raised or projecting member of a flat surface, large in proportion to the projection, and usually rectangular, -- especially intended to receive an inscription or the like. Roller table (Horology), a flat disk on the arbor of the balance of a watch, holding the jewel which rolls in and out of the fork at the end of the lever of the escapement. Round table. See Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Table anvil, a small anvil to be fastened to a table for use in making slight repairs. Table base. (Arch.) Same as Water table. Table bed, a bed in the form of a table. Table beer, beer for table, or for common use; small beer. Table bell, a small bell to be used at table for calling servants. Table cover, a cloth for covering a table, especially at other than mealtimes. Table diamond, a thin diamond cut with a flat upper surface. Table linen, linen tablecloth, napkins, and the like. Table money (Mil. or Naut.), an allowance sometimes made to officers over and above their pay, for table expenses. Table rent (O. Eng. Law), rent paid to a bishop or religious, reserved or appropriated to his table or housekeeping. --Burrill. Table shore (Naut.), a low, level shore. Table talk, conversation at table, or at meals. Table talker, one who talks at table. Table tipping, Table turning, certain movements of tables, etc., attributed by some to the agency of departed spirits, and by others to the development of latent vital or spriritual forces, but more commonly ascribed to the muscular force of persons in connection with the objects moved, or to physical force applied otherwise. Tables of a girder or Tables of a chord (Engin.), the upper and lower horizontal members. To lay on the table, in parliamentary usage, to lay, as a report, motion, etc., on the table of the presiding officer, -- that is, to postpone the consideration of, by a vote; -- also called to table . It is a tactic often used with the intention of postponing consideration of a motion indefinitely, that is, to kill the motion. To serve tables (Script.), to provide for the poor, or to distribute provisions for their wants. --Acts vi. 2. To turn the tables, to change the condition or fortune of contending parties; -- a metaphorical expression taken from the vicissitudes of fortune in gaming. Twelve tables (Rom. Antiq.), a celebrated body of Roman laws, framed by decemvirs appointed 450 years before Christ, on the return of deputies or commissioners who had been sent to Greece to examine into foreign laws and institutions. They consisted partly of laws transcribed from the institutions of other nations, partly of such as were altered and accommodated to the manners of the Romans, partly of new provisions, and mainly, perhaps, of laws and usages under their ancient kings. --Burrill. [1913 Webster] [1913 Webster]Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster] Bench warrant (gcide) Warrant \War"rant\, n. [OE. warant, OF. warant a warrant, a defender, protector, F. garant, originally a p. pr. pf German origin, fr. OHG. wer[=e]n to grant, warrant, G. gew[aum]hren; akin to OFries. wera. Cf. Guarantee.] [1913 Webster] 1. That which warrants or authorizes; a commission giving authority, or justifying the doing of anything; an act, instrument, or obligation, by which one person authorizes another to do something which he has not otherwise a right to do; an act or instrument investing one with a right or authority, and thus securing him from loss or damage; commission; authority. Specifically: [1913 Webster] (a) A writing which authorizes a person to receive money or other thing. [1913 Webster] (b) (Law) A precept issued by a magistrate authorizing an officer to make an arrest, a seizure, or a search, or do other acts incident to the administration of justice. [1913 Webster] (c) (Mil. & Nav.) An official certificate of appointment issued to an officer of lower rank than a commissioned officer. See Warrant officer, below. [1913 Webster] 2. That which vouches or insures for anything; guaranty; security. [1913 Webster] I give thee warrant of thy place. --Shak. [1913 Webster] His worth is warrant for his welcome hither. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 3. That which attests or proves; a voucher. [1913 Webster] 4. Right; legality; allowance. [Obs.] --Shak. [1913 Webster] Bench warrant. (Law) See in the Vocabulary. Dock warrant (Com.), a customhouse license or authority. General warrant. (Law) See under General. Land warrant. See under Land. Search warrant. (Law) See under Search, n. Warrant of attorney (Law), written authority given by one person to another empowering him to transact business for him; specifically, written authority given by a client to his attorney to appear for him in court, and to suffer judgment to pass against him by confession in favor of some specified person. --Bouvier. Warrant officer, a noncommissioned officer, as a sergeant, corporal, bandmaster, etc., in the army, or a quartermaster, gunner, boatswain, etc., in the navy. Warrant to sue and defend. (a) (O. Eng. Law) A special warrant from the crown, authorizing a party to appoint an attorney to sue or defend for him. (b) A special authority given by a party to his attorney to commence a suit, or to appear and defend a suit in his behalf. This warrant is now disused. --Burrill. [1913 Webster]Bench warrant \Bench" war`rant\ (Law) A process issued by a presiding judge or by a court against a person guilty of some contempt, or indicted for some crime; -- so called in distinction from a justice's warrant. [1913 Webster] Benched (gcide) Bench \Bench\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benched; p. pr. & vb. n. Benching.] 1. To furnish with benches. [1913 Webster] 'T was benched with turf. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] Stately theaters benched crescentwise. --Tennyson. [1913 Webster] 2. To place on a bench or seat of honor. [1913 Webster] Whom I . . . have benched and reared to worship. --Shak. [1913 Webster] Bencher (gcide) Bencher \Bench"er\, n. 1. (Eng. Law) One of the senior and governing members of an Inn of Court. [1913 Webster] 2. An alderman of a corporation. [Eng.] --Ashmole. [1913 Webster] 3. A member of a court or council. [Obs.] --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. One who frequents the benches of a tavern; an idler. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] benchmark Benches (gcide) Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. Benches. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to Sw. b[aum]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf. Bank, Beach.] 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. [1913 Webster] Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster] 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. [1913 Webster] 3. The seat where judges sit in court. [1913 Webster] To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion of the full bench. See King's Bench. [1913 Webster] 5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on benches or raised platforms. [1913 Webster] 6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or river. [1913 Webster] Bench mark (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. See bench mark in the vocabulary. Bench of bishops, the whole body of English prelates assembled in council. Bench plane, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes. Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat. [1913 Webster] Benching (gcide) Bench \Bench\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benched; p. pr. & vb. n. Benching.] 1. To furnish with benches. [1913 Webster] 'T was benched with turf. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] Stately theaters benched crescentwise. --Tennyson. [1913 Webster] 2. To place on a bench or seat of honor. [1913 Webster] Whom I . . . have benched and reared to worship. --Shak. [1913 Webster] benchmark (gcide) benchmark \benchmark\, bench mark \bench mark\ (Surveying) 1. Any permanent mark to which other levels may be referred. such as: (a) A horizontal mark at the water's edge with reference to which the height of tides and floods may be measured. (b) a surveyer's mark on a permanent object of predetermined position and elevation used as a reference point. [Webster 1913 Suppl. + WordNet 1.5] 2. something serving as a standard by which related items may be judged; as, his painting sets the benchmark of quality. [PJC + WordNet 1.5] 3. a test or series of tests designed to compare the qualities or performance of different devices of the same type. Certain sets of computer programs are much used as benchmarks for comparing the performance of different computers, especially by comparing the time it takes to complete a test. [PJC] Church-bench (gcide) Church-bench \Church"-bench`\, n. A seat in the porch of a church. --Shak. [1913 Webster] Common Bench (gcide) Common \Com"mon\, a. [Compar. Commoner; superl. Commonest.] [OE. commun, comon, OF. comun, F. commun, fr. L. communis; com- + munis ready to be of service; cf. Skr. mi to make fast, set up, build, Goth. gamains common, G. gemein, and E. mean low, common. Cf. Immunity, Commune, n. & v.] 1. Belonging or relating equally, or similarly, to more than one; as, you and I have a common interest in the property. [1913 Webster] Though life and sense be common to men and brutes. --Sir M. Hale. [1913 Webster] 2. Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving, all the members of a class, considered together; general; public; as, properties common to all plants; the common schools; the Book of Common Prayer. [1913 Webster] Such actions as the common good requireth. --Hooker. [1913 Webster] The common enemy of man. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 3. Often met with; usual; frequent; customary. [1913 Webster] Grief more than common grief. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 4. Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous; ordinary; plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense. [1913 Webster] The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of common life. --W. Irving. [1913 Webster] This fact was infamous And ill beseeming any common man, Much more a knight, a captain and a leader. --Shak. [1913 Webster] Above the vulgar flight of common souls. --A. Murphy. [1913 Webster] 5. Profane; polluted. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. --Acts x. 15. [1913 Webster] 6. Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute. [1913 Webster] A dame who herself was common. --L'Estrange. [1913 Webster] Common bar (Law) Same as Blank bar, under Blank. Common barrator (Law), one who makes a business of instigating litigation. Common Bench, a name sometimes given to the English Court of Common Pleas. Common brawler (Law), one addicted to public brawling and quarreling. See Brawler. Common carrier (Law), one who undertakes the office of carrying (goods or persons) for hire. Such a carrier is bound to carry in all cases when he has accommodation, and when his fixed price is tendered, and he is liable for all losses and injuries to the goods, except those which happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the enemies of the country, or of the owner of the property himself. Common chord (Mus.), a chord consisting of the fundamental tone, with its third and fifth. Common council, the representative (legislative) body, or the lower branch of the representative body, of a city or other municipal corporation. Common crier, the crier of a town or city. Common divisor (Math.), a number or quantity that divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a common measure. Common gender (Gram.), the gender comprising words that may be of either the masculine or the feminine gender. Common law, a system of jurisprudence developing under the guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be superseded by statute, but unless superseded it controls. --Wharton. Note: It is by others defined as the unwritten law (especially of England), the law that receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, as ascertained and expressed in the judgments of the courts. This term is often used in contradistinction from statute law. Many use it to designate a law common to the whole country. It is also used to designate the whole body of English (or other) law, as distinguished from its subdivisions, local, civil, admiralty, equity, etc. See Law. Common lawyer, one versed in common law. Common lewdness (Law), the habitual performance of lewd acts in public. Common multiple (Arith.) See under Multiple. Common noun (Gram.), the name of any one of a class of objects, as distinguished from a proper noun (the name of a particular person or thing). Common nuisance (Law), that which is deleterious to the health or comfort or sense of decency of the community at large. Common pleas, one of the three superior courts of common law at Westminster, presided over by a chief justice and four puisne judges. Its jurisdiction is confined to civil matters. Courts bearing this title exist in several of the United States, having, however, in some cases, both civil and criminal jurisdiction extending over the whole State. In other States the jurisdiction of the common pleas is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a {county court}. Its powers are generally defined by statute. Common prayer, the liturgy of the Church of England, or of the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, which all its clergy are enjoined to use. It is contained in the Book of Common Prayer. Common school, a school maintained at the public expense, and open to all. Common scold (Law), a woman addicted to scolding indiscriminately, in public. Common seal, a seal adopted and used by a corporation. Common sense. (a) A supposed sense which was held to be the common bond of all the others. [Obs.] --Trench. (b) Sound judgment. See under Sense. Common time (Mus.), that variety of time in which the measure consists of two or of four equal portions. In common, equally with another, or with others; owned, shared, or used, in community with others; affecting or affected equally. Out of the common, uncommon; extraordinary. Tenant in common, one holding real or personal property in common with others, having distinct but undivided interests. See Joint tenant, under Joint. To make common cause with, to join or ally one's self with. Syn: General; public; popular; national; universal; frequent; ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar; mean; trite; stale; threadbare; commonplace. See Mutual, Ordinary, General. [1913 Webster] crossbencher (gcide) crossbencher \crossbencher\ n. a member of the House of Commons of Great Britain who does not vote regularly with either the Government or the Opposition. [WordNet 1.5] Disbench (gcide) Disbench \Dis*bench"\, v. t. 1. To drive from a bench or seat. [R.] --Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. (Eng. Law) To deprive (a bencher) of his privileges. --Mozley & W. [1913 Webster] Drawbench (gcide) Drawbench \Draw"bench`\, n. (Med.) A machine in which strips of metal are drawn through a drawplate; especially, one in which wire is thus made; -- also called drawing bench. [1913 Webster] Free bench (gcide) Free \Free\ (fr[=e]), a. [Compar. Freer (-[~e]r); superl. Freest (-[e^]st).] [OE. fre, freo, AS. fre['o], fr[imac]; akin to D. vrij, OS. & OHG. fr[imac], G. frei, Icel. fr[imac], Sw. & Dan. fri, Goth. freis, and also to Skr. prija beloved, dear, fr. pr[imac] to love, Goth. frij[=o]n. Cf. Affray, Belfry, Friday, Friend, Frith inclosure.] 1. Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at liberty. [1913 Webster] That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that alone which is or is not free. --Locke. [1913 Webster] 2. Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying political liberty. [1913 Webster] 3. Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of parents, guardian, or master. [1913 Webster] 4. Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at liberty to go. [1913 Webster] Set an unhappy prisoner free. --Prior. [1913 Webster] 5. Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; -- said of the will. [1913 Webster] Not free, what proof could they have given sincere Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 6. Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent. [1913 Webster] My hands are guilty, but my heart is free. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] 7. Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative. [1913 Webster] He was free only with a few. --Milward. [1913 Webster] 8. Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. [1913 Webster] The critics have been very free in their censures. --Felton. [1913 Webster] A man may live a free life as to wine or women. --Shelley. [1913 Webster] 9. Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed; lavish; as, free with his money. [1913 Webster] 10. Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled with; as, free from pain; free from a burden; -- followed by from, or, rarely, by of. [1913 Webster] Princes declaring themselves free from the obligations of their treaties. --Bp. Burnet. [1913 Webster] 11. Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy. [1913 Webster] 12. Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; as, a free horse. [1913 Webster] 13. Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; -- followed by of. [1913 Webster] He therefore makes all birds, of every sect, Free of his farm. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] 14. Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed; as, a free school. [1913 Webster] Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free For me as for you? --Shak. [1913 Webster] 15. Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous; as, free admission; a free gift. [1913 Webster] 16. Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a free people; -- said of a government, institutions, etc. [1913 Webster] 17. (O. Eng. Law) Certain or honorable; the opposite of base; as, free service; free socage. --Burrill. [1913 Webster] 18. (Law) Privileged or individual; the opposite of common; as, a free fishery; a free warren. --Burrill. [1913 Webster] 19. Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas; free cells. [1913 Webster] Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will. Free bench (Eng. Law), a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding to dower in freeholds. Free board (Naut.), a vessel's side between water line and gunwale. Free bond (Chem.), an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an atom or radical. Free-borough men (O.Eng. Law). See Friborg. Free chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized. [Eng.] --Bouvier. Free charge (Elec.), a charge of electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity. Free church. (a) A church whose sittings are for all and without charge. (b) An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters. Free city, or Free town, a city or town independent in its government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league. Free cost, freedom from charges or expenses. --South. Free and easy, unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities. [Colloq.] "Sal and her free and easy ways." --W. Black. Free goods, goods admitted into a country free of duty. Free labor, the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves. Free port. (Com.) (a) A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty. (b) A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty. Free public house, in England, a tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses. --Simmonds. Free school. (a) A school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an equal footing. (b) A school supported by general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public school. Free services (O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc. --Burrill. Free ships, ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods. Free socage (O.Eng. Law), a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable, were not military. --Abbott. Free States, those of the United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed. Free stuff (Carp.), timber free from knots; clear stuff. Free thought, that which is thought independently of the authority of others. Free trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regulations. Free trader, one who believes in free trade. To make free with, to take liberties with; to help one's self to. [Colloq.] To sail free (Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind. [1913 Webster] frontbench (gcide) frontbench \frontbench\ n. any of the front seats in the House of Commons of Great Britain that are reserved for ministers or ex-ministers. [WordNet 1.5] frontbencher (gcide) frontbencher \frontbencher\ n. a member of the House of Commons of Great Britain who is a minister or an ex-minister. [WordNet 1.5] Imbenching (gcide) Imbenching \Im*bench"ing\, n. [Pref. im- in + bench.] A raised work like a bench. [Obs.] --Parkhurst. [1913 Webster]