Prelož:

slovo definícia principle (mass) principle - princíp principle (encz) principle,podstata n: Zdeněk Brož principle (encz) principle,poučka n: Zdeněk Brož principle (encz) principle,princip n: principle (encz) principle,zásada n: on principle - ze zásady Principle (gcide) Principle \Prin"ci*ple\, n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. --Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. [1913 Webster] The soul of man is an active principle. --Tillotson. [1913 Webster] 3. An original faculty or endowment. [1913 Webster] Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering. --Stewart. [1913 Webster] 4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate. [1913 Webster] Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection. --Heb. vi. 1. [1913 Webster] A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle. [1913 Webster] All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind. --Law. [1913 Webster] 6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc. [1913 Webster] Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. --Gregory. [1913 Webster] Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc. [1913 Webster] Principle (gcide) Principle \Prin"ci*ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled; p. pr. & vb. n. Principling.] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill. [1913 Webster] Governors should be well principled. --L'Estrange. [1913 Webster] Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired. --Locke. [1913 Webster] Princock principle (wn) principle n 1: a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; "their principles of composition characterized all their works" [syn: principle, rule] 2: a rule or standard especially of good behavior; "a man of principle"; "he will not violate his principles" 3: a basic truth or law or assumption; "the principles of democracy" 4: a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system; "the principle of the conservation of mass"; "the principle of jet propulsion"; "the right-hand rule for inductive fields" [syn: principle, rule] 5: rule of personal conduct [syn: principle, precept] 6: (law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature); "the rationale for capital punishment"; "the principles of internal-combustion engines" [syn: rationale, principle] PRINCIPLE (bouvier) PRINCIPLES. By this term is understood truths or propositions so clear that they cannot be proved nor contradicted, unless by propositions which are still clearer. They are of two kinds, one when the principle is universal, and these are known as axioms or maxims; as, no one can transmit rights which he has not; the accessory follows the principal, &c. The other class are simply called first principles. These principles have known marks by which they may always be recognized. These are, 1. That they are so clear that they cannot be proved by anterior and more manifest truths. 2, That they are almost universally received. 3. That they are so strongly impressed on our minds that we conform ourselves to them, whatever may be our avowed opinions. 2. First principles have their source in the sentiment of our own existence, and that which is in the nature of things. A principle of law is a rule or axiom which is founded in the nature of the subject, and it exists before it is expressed in the form of a rule. Domat, Lois Civiles, liv. prel. t. 1, s. 2 Toull. tit. prel. n. 17. The right to defend one's self, continues as long as an unjust attack, was a principle before it was ever decides by a court, so that a court does Dot establish but recognize principles of law. 3. In physics, by principle is understood that which constitutes the essence of a body, or its constituent parts. 8 T. R. 107. See 2 H. Bl. 478. Taken in this sense, a principle cannot be patented; but when by the principle of a machine is meant the modus operandi, the peculiar device or manner of producing any given effect, the application of the principle may be patented. 1 Mason, 470; 1 Gallis, 478; Fessend. on Pat. 130; Phil. on Pat. 95, 101; Perpigna, Manuel des Inventeurs, &c., c. 2, s. 1.

podobné slovo definícia accruals principle (mass) accruals principle - časová súvislosť acceptability principle (encz) acceptability principle,princip přijatelnosti [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač beneficiary-compensates principle (encz) beneficiary-compensates principle,princip kompenzace příjemcem [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač code of good practices on fiscal transparency--declaration on principles (encz) Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency--Declaration on Principles, convergence principle (encz) convergence principle,princip konvergence [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač core principles for effective banking supervision (encz) Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, cost-effectiveness principle (encz) cost-effectiveness principle,princip efektivnosti nákladů [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač equal value principle (encz) equal value principle, exclusion principle (encz) exclusion principle, n: first principle (encz) first principle, n: full cost principle (encz) full cost principle,princip úplných nákladů [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač fundamental principle (encz) fundamental principle, n: generally accepted accounting principles (encz) generally accepted accounting principles, high-principled (encz) high-principled,charakterní Zdeněk Brožhigh-principled,zásadový adj: Zdeněk Brož in principle (encz) in principle, adv: indeterminacy principle (encz) indeterminacy principle, n: internal model principle (encz) internal model principle,princip vnitřního modelu v.martin judicial principle (encz) judicial principle, n: legal principle (encz) legal principle, n: life principle (encz) life principle, n: localisation principle (encz) localisation principle, n: localization principle (encz) localization principle, n: mass-action principle (encz) mass-action principle, n: moral principle (encz) moral principle, n: on principle (encz) on principle,ze zásady Rostislav Svoboda pleasure principle (encz) pleasure principle, n: pleasure-pain principle (encz) pleasure-pain principle, n: pleasure-unpleasure principle (encz) pleasure-unpleasure principle, n: polluter pays principle (encz) Polluter Pays principle,Zásada 'Znečišťovatel platí' [eko.] RNDr. Pavel PiskačPolluter Pays Principle, PPP.,princip, že znečišťovatel platí [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač precautionary principle (encz) Precautionary principle,Princip předběžné opatrnosti n: [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač principle of equivalence (encz) principle of equivalence, n: principle of liquid displacement (encz) principle of liquid displacement, n: principle of parsimony (encz) principle of parsimony, n: principle of relativity (encz) principle of relativity, n: principle of superposition (encz) principle of superposition, n: principled (encz) principled,zásadový adj: bng principles (encz) principles,principy n: pl. Zdeněk Brožprinciples,zásady [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač property-rights principle (encz) property-rights principle,princip vlastnických práv [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač rawlsian difference principle (encz) Rawlsian Difference Principle,Rawlsianův princip rozdílu [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač reality principle (encz) reality principle, n: superposition principle (encz) superposition principle, n: sustainability principle (encz) sustainability principle,princip udržitelnosti [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač the peter principle (encz) the Peter Principle, uncertainty principle (encz) uncertainty principle, n: unprincipled (encz) unprincipled,bezcharakterní adj: Zdeněk Brožunprincipled,bezzásadový adj: Zdeněk Brož vital principle (encz) vital principle, n: working principle (encz) working principle, n: Bitter principle (gcide) Principle \Prin"ci*ple\, n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. --Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. [1913 Webster] The soul of man is an active principle. --Tillotson. [1913 Webster] 3. An original faculty or endowment. [1913 Webster] Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering. --Stewart. [1913 Webster] 4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate. [1913 Webster] Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection. --Heb. vi. 1. [1913 Webster] A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle. [1913 Webster] All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind. --Law. [1913 Webster] 6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc. [1913 Webster] Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. --Gregory. [1913 Webster] Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc. [1913 Webster] Bitter principles (gcide) Bitter \Bit"ter\, a. [AS. biter; akin to Goth. baitrs, Icel. bitr, Dan., Sw., D., & G. bitter, OS. bittar, fr. root of E. bite. See Bite, v. t.] 1. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an infusion of hops; as, a bitter medicine; bitter as aloes. [1913 Webster] 2. Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp; severe; as, a bitter cold day. [1913 Webster] 3. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to the mind; calamitous; poignant. [1913 Webster] It is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the Lord thy God. --Jer. ii. 19. [1913 Webster] 4. Characterized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; as, bitter reproach. [1913 Webster] Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them. --Col. iii. 19. [1913 Webster] 5. Mournful; sad; distressing; painful; pitiable. [1913 Webster] The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with hard bondage. --Ex. i. 14. [1913 Webster] Bitter apple, Bitter cucumber, Bitter gourd. (Bot.) See Colocynth. Bitter cress (Bot.), a plant of the genus Cardamine, esp. Cardamine amara. Bitter earth (Min.), tale earth; calcined magnesia. Bitter principles (Chem.), a class of substances, extracted from vegetable products, having strong bitter taste but with no sharply defined chemical characteristics. Bitter salt, Epsom salts; magnesium sulphate. Bitter vetch (Bot.), a name given to two European leguminous herbs, Vicia Orobus and Ervum Ervilia. To the bitter end, to the last extremity, however calamitous. [1913 Webster] Syn: Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting; severe; acrimonious. [1913 Webster] extractive principle (gcide) Extract \Ex"tract`\, n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn out. [1913 Webster] 2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation. [1913 Webster] 3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by dissolving out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark. [1913 Webster] 4. (Med.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4. [1913 Webster] 5. (Old Chem.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive principle. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] 6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] --South. [1913 Webster] 7. (Scots Law) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution. --Tomlins. [1913 Webster] Fluid extract (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation, containing a definite proportion of the active principles of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of extract should represent a gram of the crude drug. Extractable High-principled (gcide) High-principled \High"-prin`ci*pled\, a. Possessed of noble or honorable principles. [1913 Webster] nervous principle (gcide) Spirit \Spir"it\, n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L. spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. Conspire, Expire, Esprit, Sprite.] 1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes, life itself. [Obs.] "All of spirit would deprive." --Spenser. [1913 Webster] The mild air, with season moderate, Gently attempered, and disposed eo well, That still it breathed foorth sweet spirit. --Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it. --B. Jonson. [1913 Webster] 3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart from any physical organization or embodiment; vital essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter. [1913 Webster] 4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides; the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions, whether spiritual or material. [1913 Webster] There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding. --Job xxxii. 8. [1913 Webster] As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also. --James ii. 26. [1913 Webster] Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing, doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist. --Locke. [1913 Webster] 5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it has left the body. [1913 Webster] Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it. --Eccl. xii. 7. [1913 Webster] Ye gentle spirits far away, With whom we shared the cup of grace. --Keble. [1913 Webster] 6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an elf. [1913 Webster] Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark. --Locke. [1913 Webster] 7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc. [1913 Webster] "Write it then, quickly," replied Bede; and summoning all his spirits together, like the last blaze of a candle going out, he indited it, and expired. --Fuller. [1913 Webster] 8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper; as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit. [1913 Webster] Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I choose for my judges. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] 9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be downhearted, or in bad spirits. [1913 Webster] God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a spirit of pulling down. --South. [1913 Webster] A perfect judge will read each work of wit With the same spirit that its author writ. --Pope. [1913 Webster] 10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to formal statement; also, characteristic quality, especially such as is derived from the individual genius or the personal character; as, the spirit of an enterprise, of a document, or the like. [1913 Webster] 11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed of active qualities. [1913 Webster] All bodies have spirits . . . within them. --Bacon. [1913 Webster] 12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol, the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first distilled from wine): -- often in the plural. [1913 Webster] 13. pl. Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt liquors. [1913 Webster] 14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf. Tincture. --U. S. Disp. [1913 Webster] 15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some, orpiment). [1913 Webster] The four spirits and the bodies seven. --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] 16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under Stannic. [1913 Webster] Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming compounds, generally of obvious signification; as, spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc. [1913 Webster] Astral spirits, Familiar spirits, etc. See under Astral, Familiar, etc. Animal spirits. (a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the nervous fluid, or nervous principle. (b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness; sportiveness. Ardent spirits, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum, whisky, etc., obtained by distillation. Holy Spirit, or The Spirit (Theol.), the Spirit of God, or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or animated by the Divine Spirit. Proof spirit. (Chem.) See under Proof. Rectified spirit (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the percentage of absolute alcohol. Spirit butterfly (Zool.), any one of numerous species of delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the genus Ithomia. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute of scales. Spirit duck. (Zool.) (a) The buffle-headed duck. (b) The golden-eye. Spirit lamp (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated spirit is burned. Spirit level. See under Level. Spirit of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) See under Hartshorn. Spirit of Mindererus (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of Augsburg. Spirit of nitrous ether (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the distillation of alcohol with nitric and sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used as a diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also sweet spirit of niter. Spirit of salt (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.] Spirit of sense, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.] --Shak. Spirits of turpentine, or Spirit of turpentine (Chem.), rectified oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and very inflammable liquid, distilled from the turpentine of the various species of pine; camphine. It is commonly used to remove paint from surfaces, or to dissole oil-based paint. See Camphine. Spirit of vitriol (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of green vitriol. [Obs.] Spirit of vitriolic ether (Chem.) ethyl ether; -- often but incorrectly called sulphuric ether. See Ether. [Obs.] Spirits of wine, or Spirit of wine (Chem.), alcohol; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of wine. Spirit rapper, one who practices spirit rapping; a "medium" so called. Spirit rapping, an alleged form of communication with the spirits of the dead by raps. See Spiritualism, 3. Sweet spirit of niter. See Spirit of nitrous ether, above. [1913 Webster] Syn: Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon; cheerfulness; vivacity; enterprise. [1913 Webster] Principle (gcide) Principle \Prin"ci*ple\, n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. --Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. [1913 Webster] The soul of man is an active principle. --Tillotson. [1913 Webster] 3. An original faculty or endowment. [1913 Webster] Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering. --Stewart. [1913 Webster] 4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate. [1913 Webster] Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection. --Heb. vi. 1. [1913 Webster] A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle. [1913 Webster] All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind. --Law. [1913 Webster] 6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc. [1913 Webster] Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. --Gregory. [1913 Webster] Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc. [1913 Webster]Principle \Prin"ci*ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled; p. pr. & vb. n. Principling.] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill. [1913 Webster] Governors should be well principled. --L'Estrange. [1913 Webster] Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired. --Locke. [1913 Webster] Princock Principle of contradiction (gcide) Principle \Prin"ci*ple\, n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, fr. princeps, -cipis. See Prince.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. --Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. [1913 Webster] The soul of man is an active principle. --Tillotson. [1913 Webster] 3. An original faculty or endowment. [1913 Webster] Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. --Chaucer. [1913 Webster] Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering. --Stewart. [1913 Webster] 4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate. [1913 Webster] Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection. --Heb. vi. 1. [1913 Webster] A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle. [1913 Webster] All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind. --Law. [1913 Webster] 6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc. [1913 Webster] Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. --Gregory. [1913 Webster] Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc. [1913 Webster]Contradiction \Con`tra*dic"tion\, n. [L. contradictio answer, objection: cf. F. contradiction.] 1. An assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; contrary declaration; gainsaying. [1913 Webster] His fair demands Shall be accomplished without contradiction. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency; incongruity or contrariety; one who, or that which, is inconsistent. [1913 Webster] can he make deathless death? That were to make Strange contradiction. --Milton. [1913 Webster] We state our experience and then we come to a manly resolution of acting in contradiction to it. --Burke. [1913 Webster] Both parts of a contradiction can not possibly be true. --Hobbes. [1913 Webster] Of contradictions infinite the slave. --Wordsworth. [1913 Webster] Principle of contradiction (Logic), the axiom or law of thought that a thing cannot be and not be at the same time, or a thing must either be or not be, or the same attribute can not at the same time be affirmed and and denied of the same subject; also called the {law of the excluded middle}. Note: It develops itself in three specific forms which have been called the "Three Logical Axioms." First, "A is A." Second, "A is not Not-A" Third, "Everything is either A or Not-A." [1913 Webster] Principle of virtual velocities (gcide) Virtual \Vir"tu*al\ (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. virtuel. See Virtue.] 1. Having the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the agency of the material or sensible part; potential; energizing. [1913 Webster] Heat and cold have a virtual transition, without communication of substance. --Bacon. [1913 Webster] Every kind that lives, Fomented by his virtual power, and warmed. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 2. Being in essence or effect, not in fact; as, the virtual presence of a man in his agent or substitute. [1913 Webster] A thing has a virtual existence when it has all the conditions necessary to its actual existence. --Fleming. [1913 Webster] To mask by slight differences in the manners a virtual identity in the substance. --De Quincey. [1913 Webster] Principle of virtual velocities (Mech.), the law that when several forces are in equilibrium, the algebraic sum of their virtual moments is equal to zero. Virtual focus (Opt.), the point from which rays, having been rendered divergent by reflection of refraction, appear to issue; the point at which converging rays would meet if not reflected or refracted before they reach it. Virtual image. (Optics) See under Image. Virtual moment (of a force) (Mech.), the product of the intensity of the force multiplied by the virtual velocity of its point of application; -- sometimes called {virtual work}. Virtual velocity (Mech.), a minute hypothetical displacement, assumed in analysis to facilitate the investigation of statical problems. With respect to any given force of a number of forces holding a material system in equilibrium, it is the projection, upon the direction of the force, of a line joining its point of application with a new position of that point indefinitely near to the first, to which the point is conceived to have been moved, without disturbing the equilibrium of the system, or the connections of its parts with each other. Strictly speaking, it is not a velocity but a length. Virtual work. (Mech.) See Virtual moment, above. [1913 Webster] Principle of vis viva (gcide) Vis \Vis\, n. 1. Force; power. [1913 Webster] 2. (Law) (a) Physical force. (b) Moral power. [1913 Webster] Principle of vis viva (Mech.), the principle that the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being done. Vis impressa [L.] (Mech.), force exerted, as in moving a body, or changing the direction of its motion; impressed force. Vis inertiae. [L.] (a) The resistance of matter, as when a body at rest is set in motion, or a body in motion is brought to rest, or has its motion changed, either in direction or in velocity. (b) Inertness; inactivity. Note: Vis intertiae and inertia are not strictly synonymous. The former implies the resistance itself which is given, while the latter implies merely the property by which it is given. Vis mortua [L.] (Mech.), dead force; force doing no active work, but only producing pressure. Vis vitae, or Vis vitalis [L.] (Physiol.), vital force. Vis viva [L.] (Mech.), living force; the force of a body moving against resistance, or doing work, in distinction from vis mortua, or dead force; the kinetic energy of a moving body; the capacity of a moving body to do work by reason of its being in motion. See Kinetic energy, in the Note under Energy. The term vis viva is not usually understood to include that part of the kinetic energy of the body which is due to the vibrations of its molecules. [1913 Webster] Principled (gcide) Principle \Prin"ci*ple\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled; p. pr. & vb. n. Principling.] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill. [1913 Webster] Governors should be well principled. --L'Estrange. [1913 Webster] Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired. --Locke. [1913 Webster] Princock Proximate principle (gcide) Proximate \Prox"i*mate\, a. [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare to come near, to approach, fr. proximus the nearest, nest, superl. of propior nearer, and prope, adv., near.] Nearest; next immediately preceding or following. "Proximate ancestors." --J. S. Harford. [1913 Webster] The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]. --T. Burnet. [1913 Webster] Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the proximate principles of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate analysis. Proximate cause. (a) A cause which immediately precedes and produces the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or predisposing cause. --I. Watts. (b) That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a specific result, no independent disturbing agencies intervening. Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc. [1913 Webster] Syn: Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct. [1913 Webster] The let-alone principle (gcide) Let-alone \Let"-a*lone"\ (l[e^]t"[.a]*l[=o]n"), a. Letting alone. [1913 Webster] The let-alone principle, The let-alone doctrine, or {The let-alone policy}. (Polit. Econ.) See Laissez faire. [1913 Webster] Unprinciple (gcide) Unprinciple \Un*prin"ci*ple\, v. t. [1st pref. un- + principle.] To destroy the moral principles of. [R.] [1913 Webster] Unprincipled (gcide) Unprincipled \Un*prin"ci*pled\, a. [Pref. un- not + principled.] Being without principles; especially, being without right moral principles; also, characterized by absence of principle. -- Un*prin"ci*pled*ness, n. [1913 Webster] Unprincipledness (gcide) Unprincipled \Un*prin"ci*pled\, a. [Pref. un- not + principled.] Being without principles; especially, being without right moral principles; also, characterized by absence of principle. -- Un*prin"ci*pled*ness, n. [1913 Webster] Vital principle (gcide) Vital \Vi"tal\, a. [F., fr. L. vitalis, fr. vita life; akin to vivere to live. See Vivid.] 1. Belonging or relating to life, either animal or vegetable; as, vital energies; vital functions; vital actions. [1913 Webster] 2. Contributing to life; necessary to, or supporting, life; as, vital blood. [1913 Webster] Do the heavens afford him vital food? --Spenser. [1913 Webster] And vital virtue infused, and vital warmth. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 3. Containing life; living. "Spirits that live throughout, vital in every part." --Milton. [1913 Webster] 4. Being the seat of life; being that on which life depends; mortal. [1913 Webster] The dart flew on, and pierced a vital part. --Pope. [1913 Webster] 5. Very necessary; highly important; essential. [1913 Webster] A competence is vital to content. --Young. [1913 Webster] 6. Capable of living; in a state to live; viable. [R.] [1913 Webster] Pythagoras and Hippocrates . . . affirm the birth of the seventh month to be vital. --Sir T. Browne. [1913 Webster] Vital air, oxygen gas; -- so called because essential to animal life. [Obs.] Vital capacity (Physiol.), the breathing capacity of the lungs; -- expressed by the number of cubic inches of air which can be forcibly exhaled after a full inspiration. Vital force. (Biol.) See under Force. The vital forces, according to Cope, are nerve force (neurism), growth force (bathmism), and thought force (phrenism), all under the direction and control of the vital principle. Apart from the phenomena of consciousness, vital actions no longer need to be considered as of a mysterious and unfathomable character, nor vital force as anything other than a form of physical energy derived from, and convertible into, other well-known forces of nature. Vital functions (Physiol.), those functions or actions of the body on which life is directly dependent, as the circulation of the blood, digestion, etc. Vital principle, an immaterial force, to which the functions peculiar to living beings are ascribed. Vital statistics, statistics respecting the duration of life, and the circumstances affecting its duration. Vital tripod. (Physiol.) See under Tripod. Vital vessels (Bot.), a name for latex tubes, now disused. See Latex. [1913 Webster] accounting principle (wn) accounting principle n 1: a principle that governs current accounting practice and that is used as a reference to determine the appropriate treatment of complex transactions [syn: {accounting principle}, accounting standard]