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Absolute equation
(gcide) | Absolute \Ab"so*lute\, a. [L. absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf.
F. absolu. See Absolve.]
1. Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled;
unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority,
monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command;
absolute power; an absolute monarch.
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2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; as,
absolute perfection; absolute beauty.
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So absolute she seems,
And in herself complete. --Milton.
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3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or without
comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed to
relative and comparative; as, absolute motion;
absolute time or space.
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Note: Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain to man
in a state of nature as contradistinguished from
relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him
in his social relations.
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4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other
being; self-existent; self-sufficing.
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Note: In this sense God is called the Absolute by the Theist.
The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the
universe, or the total of all existence, as only
capable of relations in its parts to each other and to
the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its
phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their
laws.
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5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone;
unconditioned; non-relative.
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Note: It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in
this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or
abstraction, or whether the absolute, as thus defined,
can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.
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To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word
and thing, the recent philosophy of the absolute.
--Sir W.
Hamilton.
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6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful. [R.]
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I am absolute 't was very Cloten. --Shak.
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7. Authoritative; peremptory. [R.]
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The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed. --Mrs.
Browning.
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8. (Chem.) Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol.
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9. (Gram.) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of
the sentence in government; as, the case absolute. See
Ablative absolute, under Ablative.
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Absolute curvature (Geom.), that curvature of a curve of
double curvature, which is measured in the osculating
plane of the curve.
Absolute equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and
eccentric equations.
Absolute space (Physics), space considered without relation
to material limits or objects.
Absolute terms. (Alg.), such as are known, or which do not
contain the unknown quantity. --Davies & Peck.
Absolute temperature (Physics), the temperature as measured
on a scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic
principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero.
Absolute zero (Physics), the be ginning, or zero point, in
the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to
-273[deg] centigrade or -459.4[deg] Fahrenheit.
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Syn: Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited;
unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic;
autocratic.
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Absolute equation
(gcide) | Equation \E*qua"tion\, n. [L. aequatio an equalizing: cf. F.
['e]quation equation. See Equate.]
1. A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium.
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Again the golden day resumed its right,
And ruled in just equation with the night. --Rowe.
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2. (Math.) An expression of the condition of equality between
two algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign =
being placed between them; as, a binomial equation; a
quadratic equation; an algebraic equation; a
transcendental equation; an exponential equation; a
logarithmic equation; a differential equation, etc.
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3. (Astron.) A quantity to be applied in computing the mean
place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any
one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken
from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a
mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as
resulting from its actual and unequal motion.
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Absolute equation. See under Absolute.
Equation box, or Equational box, a system of differential
gearing used in spinning machines for regulating the twist
of the yarn. It resembles gearing used in equation clocks
for showing apparent time.
Equation of the center (Astron.), the difference between
the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a
circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse.
Equations of condition (Math.), equations formed for
deducing the true values of certain quantities from others
on which they depend, when different sets of the latter,
as given by observation, would yield different values of
the quantities sought, and the number of equations that
may be found is greater than the number of unknown
quantities.
Equation of a curve (Math.), an equation which expresses
the relation between the co["o]rdinates of every point in
the curve.
Equation of equinoxes (Astron.), the difference between the
mean and apparent places of the equinox.
Equation of payments (Arith.), the process of finding the
mean time of payment of several sums due at different
times.
Equation of time (Astron.), the difference between mean and
apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the
sun, and that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the
year round.
Equation clock or Equation watch, a timepiece made to
exhibit the differences between mean solar and apparent
solar time. --Knight.
Normal equation. See under Normal.
Personal equation (Astron.), the difference between an
observed result and the true qualities or peculiarities in
the observer; particularly the difference, in an average
of a large number of observation, between the instant when
an observer notes a phenomenon, as the transit of a star,
and the assumed instant of its actual occurrence; or,
relatively, the difference between these instants as noted
by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a
second; -- sometimes applied loosely to differences of
judgment or method occasioned by temperamental qualities
of individuals.
Theory of equations (Math.), the branch of algebra that
treats of the properties of a single algebraic equation of
any degree containing one unknown quantity.
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