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slovo definícia bacillus (encz) bacillus,bacil v: Zdeněk Brož Bacillus (gcide) Bacillus \Ba*cil"lus\, n.; pl. Bacilli. [NL., for L. bacillum. See Bacillari[ae].] (Biol.) A variety of bacterium; a microscopic, rod-shaped vegetable organism. [1913 Webster] bacillus (wn) bacillus n 1: aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil [syn: bacillus, B]

podobné slovo definícia bacillus (encz) bacillus,bacil v: Zdeněk Brož coccobacillus (encz) coccobacillus, n: comma bacillus (encz) comma bacillus, n: grass bacillus (encz) grass bacillus, n: hay bacillus (encz) hay bacillus, n: lactobacillus (encz) lactobacillus, n: leprosy bacillus (encz) leprosy bacillus, n: shiga bacillus (encz) shiga bacillus, n: streptobacillus (encz) streptobacillus, n: thiobacillus (encz) thiobacillus, n: tubercle bacillus (encz) tubercle bacillus, n: typhoid bacillus (encz) typhoid bacillus, n: Anthrax bacillus (gcide) Germ \Germ\ (j[~e]rm), n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.] 1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears. [1913 Webster] In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. --Carpenter. [1913 Webster] 2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. [1913 Webster] 3. (Biol.) The germ cells, collectively, as distinguished from the somatic cells, or soma. Germ is often used in place of germinal to form phrases; as, germ area, germ disc, germ membrane, germ nucleus, germ sac, etc. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] 4. A microorganism, especially a disease-causing bacterium or virus; -- used informally, as, the don't eat food that falls on the floor, it may have germs on it. [PJC] Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as {Anthrax bacillus} and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases; same as germ[4]. See Germ theory (below). Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached, and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. Germ stock (Zool.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See {Fermentation theory}. [1913 Webster] Bacillus amylobacter (gcide) Amylobacter \Am`y*lo*bac"ter\, n. [L. amylum starch + NL. bacterium. See Bacterium.] (Biol.) A micro["o]rganism (Bacillus amylobacter) which develops in vegetable tissue during putrefaction. --Sternberg. [1913 Webster] Bacillus anthracis (gcide) malignant \ma*lig"nant\, a. [L. malignans, -antis, p. pr. of malignare, malignari, to do or make maliciously. See Malign, and cf. Benignant.] 1. Disposed to do harm, inflict suffering, or cause distress; actuated by extreme malevolence or enmity; virulently inimical; bent on evil; malicious. [1913 Webster] A malignant and a turbaned Turk. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. Characterized or caused by evil intentions; pernicious. "Malignant care." --Macaulay. [1913 Webster] Some malignant power upon my life. --Shak. [1913 Webster] Something deleterious and malignant as his touch. --Hawthorne. [1913 Webster] 3. (Med.) Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue; virulent; as, malignant diphtheria. [1913 Webster] Malignant pustule (Med.), a very contagious disease produced by infection of subcutaneous tissues with the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It is transmitted to man from animals and is characterized by the formation, at the point of reception of the infection, of a vesicle or pustule which first enlarges and then breaks down into an unhealthy ulcer. It is marked by profound exhaustion and often fatal. The disease in animals is called charbon; in man it is called cutaneous anthrax, and formerly was sometimes called simply anthrax. [1913 Webster +PJC]Anthrax \An"thrax\ ([a^]n"thr[a^]ks), n. [L., fr. Gr. 'a`nqrax coal, carbuncle.] 1. (Med.) (a) A carbuncle. (b) A malignant pustule. [1913 Webster] 2. (Biol.) A microscopic, bacterial organism ({Bacillus anthracis}), resembling transparent rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.] [1913 Webster] 3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped gram-positive bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also splenic fever. [1913 Webster]Anthrax vaccine \An"thrax vac"cine\ (Veter.) A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium ({Bacillus anthracis}, formerly Bacterium anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals, esp. cattle. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] Bacillus licheniformis (gcide) bacitracin \bacitracin\ n. (1940) [Bacillus + Margaret Tracy, (a child whose tissues contained Bacillus subtilis) + -in. --RHUD.] a polypeptide antibacterial antibiotic of known chemical structure effective against several types of Gram-positive organisms, and usually used topically for superficial local infection. Note: It is produced by Bacillus subtilis and {Bacillus licheniformis}, and as produced commercially is composed of several closely related substances. The predominant component, Bacitracin A, has a formula C60H103N17O16S, and contains D-ornithine, D-phenylalanine and D-glutamine residues as well as the L-isomers of leucine, isoleucine, histidine, asparagine and aspartic acid. --[MI11] [WordNet 1.5] Bacillus pyocyaneus (gcide) Pyocyanin \Py`o*cy"a*nin\, n. [Gr. ? pus + ? dark blue.] (Physiol. Chem.) A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be formed through the agency of a species of bacterium (Bacillus pyocyaneus). [1913 Webster] Bacillus subtilis (gcide) bacitracin \bacitracin\ n. (1940) [Bacillus + Margaret Tracy, (a child whose tissues contained Bacillus subtilis) + -in. --RHUD.] a polypeptide antibacterial antibiotic of known chemical structure effective against several types of Gram-positive organisms, and usually used topically for superficial local infection. Note: It is produced by Bacillus subtilis and {Bacillus licheniformis}, and as produced commercially is composed of several closely related substances. The predominant component, Bacitracin A, has a formula C60H103N17O16S, and contains D-ornithine, D-phenylalanine and D-glutamine residues as well as the L-isomers of leucine, isoleucine, histidine, asparagine and aspartic acid. --[MI11] [WordNet 1.5]Fermentation \Fer`men*ta"tion\ (f[~e]r`m[e^]n*t[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F. fermentation.] 1. The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in a wider sense (Physiol. Chem.), the transformation of an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a ferment[1], whether in the form of living organisms or enzymes. It differs in kind according to the nature of the ferment which causes it. Note: In industrial microbiology fermentation usually refers to the production of chemical substances by use of microorganisms. [1913 Webster +PJC] 2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or the feelings. [1913 Webster] It puts the soul to fermentation and activity. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster] A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith. --C. Kingsley. [1913 Webster] Acetous fermentation or Acetic fermentation, a form of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus ({Mycoderma aceti}) or series of enzymes. The process involves two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate product, acetaldehyde, is formed in the first process. 1. C2H6O + O [rarr] H2O + C2H4O Note: Alcohol. Water. Acetaldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O [rarr] C2H4O2 Note: Acetaldehyde. Acetic acid. Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torul[ae] develop. Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the special urea ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3 Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate. [1913 Webster] Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation. Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction. See {Lactic fermentation}. enzymatic fermentation or {Fermentation by an unorganized ferment}. Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in which the enzyme acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice. Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See Germ theory. Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium (Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed. Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium (Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O --> 4C3H6O3 Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid. [1913 Webster] Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) --> C4H8O2 (butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas). Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction. [1913 Webster] Bacillus thermoproteolyticus (gcide) Thermolysin \Ther`mo*ly"sin\, n. [Thermo- + Gr. ly`ein to loose + -in.] (Biochem.) a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the bacterium {Bacillus thermoproteolyticus}, which hydrolyses the N-terminal amide bonds of hydrophobic amino acid residues in proteins. It is used in studies of protein structure. It has a molecular weight of about 37,500 and contains zinc and calcium in its active configuration. --[MI11] [PJC] Bacillus tuberculosis (gcide) Tubercle \Tu"ber*cle\, n. [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber: cf. F. tubercule, OF. also tubercle. See Tuber.] [1913 Webster] 1. A small knoblike prominence or excrescence, whether natural or morbid; as, a tubercle on a plant; a tubercle on a bone; the tubercles appearing on the body in leprosy. [1913 Webster] 2. (Med.) A small mass or aggregation of morbid matter; especially, the deposit which accompanies scrofula or phthisis. This is composed of a hard, grayish, or yellowish, translucent or opaque matter, which gradually softens, and excites suppuration in its vicinity. It is most frequently found in the lungs, causing consumption. [1913 Webster] Tubercle bacillus (Med.), a minute vegetable organism (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, formerly {Bacillus tuberculosis}, and also called Koch's bacillus) discovered by Koch, a German physician, in the sputum of consumptive patients and in tuberculous tissue. It is the causative agent of tuberculosis. [1913 Webster +PJC] cholera bacillus (gcide) Comma \Com"ma\, n. [L. comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. ? clause, fr. ? to cut off. Cf. Capon.] 1. A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a sentence, written or printed. [1913 Webster] 2. (Mus.) A small interval (the difference between a major and minor half step), seldom used except by tuners. [1913 Webster] Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having a special relation to the disease; -- called also {cholera bacillus}. Comma butterfly (Zool.), an American butterfly ({Grapta comma}), having a white comma-shaped marking on the under side of the wings. [1913 Webster]Cholera \Chol"er*a\, n. [L., a bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.) One of several diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly called Asiatic cholera. [1913 Webster] Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea, rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. Cholera bacillus. See Comma bacillus. Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially fatal in large cities. Cholera morbus, a disease characterized by vomiting and purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance. Chicken cholera. See under Chicken. Hog cholera. See under Hog. Sporadic cholera, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming epidemic. [1913 Webster] Cholera bacillus (gcide) Comma \Com"ma\, n. [L. comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. ? clause, fr. ? to cut off. Cf. Capon.] 1. A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a sentence, written or printed. [1913 Webster] 2. (Mus.) A small interval (the difference between a major and minor half step), seldom used except by tuners. [1913 Webster] Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having a special relation to the disease; -- called also {cholera bacillus}. Comma butterfly (Zool.), an American butterfly ({Grapta comma}), having a white comma-shaped marking on the under side of the wings. [1913 Webster]Cholera \Chol"er*a\, n. [L., a bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.) One of several diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly called Asiatic cholera. [1913 Webster] Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea, rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. Cholera bacillus. See Comma bacillus. Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially fatal in large cities. Cholera morbus, a disease characterized by vomiting and purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance. Chicken cholera. See under Chicken. Hog cholera. See under Hog. Sporadic cholera, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming epidemic. [1913 Webster] Comma bacillus (gcide) Comma \Com"ma\, n. [L. comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. ? clause, fr. ? to cut off. Cf. Capon.] 1. A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a sentence, written or printed. [1913 Webster] 2. (Mus.) A small interval (the difference between a major and minor half step), seldom used except by tuners. [1913 Webster] Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having a special relation to the disease; -- called also {cholera bacillus}. Comma butterfly (Zool.), an American butterfly ({Grapta comma}), having a white comma-shaped marking on the under side of the wings. [1913 Webster]