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Betula papyracea
(gcide) | Paper \Pa"per\ (p[=a]"p[~e]r), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus
papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr.
pa`pyros. Cf. Papyrus.]
1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended
to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It
is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous
material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded,
pressed, and dried.
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2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.
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3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the
like; a writing; as, a paper read before a scientific
society.
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They brought a paper to me to be signed. --Dryden.
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4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a
journal; as, a daily paper.
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5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of
exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount
of his paper.
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6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper.
See Paper hangings, below.
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7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a
paper of pins, tacks, opium, etc.
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8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for
external application; as, cantharides paper.
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9. pl. Documents establishing a person's identity, or status,
or attesting to some right, such as the right to drive a
vehicle; as, the border guard asked for his papers.
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Note: Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of
which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are
shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the
size somewhat.
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Note: In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever
size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio;
folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo,
or 8vo; four times, a sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times,
a 32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and
set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an
offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.
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Note: Paper is often used adjectively or in combination,
having commonly an obvious signification; as, paper
cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or
paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker;
paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight,
or paperweight, etc.
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Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in
payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to
accommodation paper.
Fly paper, paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used
for catching flies.
Laid paper. See under Laid.
Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree ({Betula
papyracea}).
Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval
force.
Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper.
Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel
tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between
two plate-iron disks. --Forney.
Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such
as promissory notes, duebills, etc.
Paper hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings.
Paper hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or
otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against
the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper.
Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come
in on free passes. [Cant]
Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government
or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money,
and circulated as the representative of coin.
Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry.
Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc.
Paper nautilus. (Zool.) See Argonauta.
Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus.
Paper sailor. (Zool.) See Argonauta.
Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. --De
Colange.
Paper wasp (Zool.), any wasp which makes a nest of
paperlike material, as the yellow jacket.
Paper weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose
papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise.
on paper.
(a) in writing; as, I would like to see that on paper.
(b) in theory, though not necessarily in paractice.
(c) in the design state; planned, but not yet put into
practice.
Parchment paper. See Papyrine.
Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to
protect engravings in books.
Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above.
Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless,
except for uses of little account.
Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not
ribbed or watermarked.
paper tiger, a person or group that appears to be powerful
and dangerous but is in fact weak and ineffectual.
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Betula papyracea
(gcide) | Birch \Birch\ (b[~e]rch), n.; pl. Birches (-[e^]z). [OE.
birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc; akin to Icel. bj["o]rk, Sw.
bj["o]rk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha, MHG. birche,
birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr.
bh[=u]rja. [root]254. Cf. 1st Birk.]
1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus
Betula; as, the white or common birch (Betula alba)
(also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch
(Betula glandulosa); the paper or canoe birch ({Betula
papyracea}); the yellow birch (Betula lutea); the black
or cherry birch (Betula lenta).
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2. The wood or timber of the birch.
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3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.
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Note: The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being
tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in
schools. They were also made into brooms.
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The threatening twigs of birch. --Shak.
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4. A birch-bark canoe.
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Birch of Jamaica, a species (Bursera gummifera) of
turpentine tree.
Birch partridge. (Zool.) See Ruffed grouse.
Birch wine, wine made of the spring sap of the birch.
Oil of birch.
(a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common European
birch (Betula alba), and used in the preparation of
genuine (and sometimes of the imitation) Russia
leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor.
(b) An oil prepared from the black birch (Betula lenta),
said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for
which it is largely sold.
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