| slovo | definícia |
defect
(encz) | defect,defekt n: Zdeněk Brož |
defect
(encz) | defect,dezertovat Pavel Machek; Giza |
defect
(encz) | defect,nedostatek n: Zdeněk Brož |
defect
(encz) | defect,porucha n: |
defect
(encz) | defect,vada n: Zdeněk Brož |
defect
(encz) | defect,závada n: Zdeněk Brož |
Defect
(gcide) | Defect \De*fect"\, v. t.
To injure; to damage. "None can my life defect." [R.]
--Troubles of Q. Elizabeth (1639).
[1913 Webster] |
Defect
(gcide) | Defect \De*fect"\, n. [L. defectus, fr. deficere, defectum, to
desert, fail, be wanting; de- + facere to make, do. See
Fact, Feat, and cf. Deficit.]
1. Want or absence of something necessary for completeness or
perfection; deficiency; -- opposed to superfluity.
[1913 Webster]
Errors have been corrected, and defects supplied.
--Davies.
[1913 Webster]
2. Failing; fault; imperfection, whether physical or moral;
blemish; as, a defect in the ear or eye; a defect in
timber or iron; a defect of memory or judgment.
[1913 Webster]
Trust not yourself; but, your defects to know,
Make use of every friend -- and every foe. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
Among boys little tenderness is shown to personal
defects. --Macaulay.
Syn: Deficiency; imperfection; blemish. See Fault.
[1913 Webster] |
Defect
(gcide) | Defect \De*fect"\, v. i.
To fail; to become deficient. [Obs.] "Defected honor."
--Warner.
[1913 Webster]
2. to abandon one country or faction, and join another.
[PJC] |
defect
(wn) | defect
n 1: an imperfection in a bodily system; "visual defects"; "this
device permits detection of defects in the lungs"
2: a failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an
unfortunate defect of our lack of information" [syn:
defect, shortcoming]
3: an imperfection in an object or machine; "a flaw caused the
crystal to shatter"; "if there are any defects you should
send it back to the manufacturer" [syn: defect, fault,
flaw]
4: a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something
(especially on a person's body); "a facial blemish" [syn:
blemish, defect, mar]
v 1: desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to
join the opposing cause, country, or army; "If soldiers
deserted Hitler's army, they were shot" [syn: defect,
desert] |
defect
(foldoc) | bug
bugs
defect
snag
An unwanted and unintended property of a
program or piece of hardware, especially one that causes
it to malfunction. Antonym of feature. E.g. "There's a bug
in the editor: it writes things out backward." The
identification and removal of bugs in a program is called
"debugging".
Admiral Grace Hopper (an early computing pioneer better
known for inventing COBOL) liked to tell a story in which a
technician solved a glitch in the Harvard Mark II machine
by pulling an actual insect out from between the contacts of
one of its relays, and she subsequently promulgated bug in
its hackish sense as a joke about the incident (though, as she
was careful to admit, she was not there when it happened).
For many years the logbook associated with the incident and
the actual bug in question (a moth) sat in a display case at
the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC). The entire story,
with a picture of the logbook and the moth taped into it, is
recorded in the "Annals of the History of Computing", Vol. 3,
No. 3 (July 1981), pp. 285--286.
The text of the log entry (from September 9, 1947), reads
"1545 Relay #70 Panel F (moth) in relay. First actual case of
bug being found". This wording establishes that the term was
already in use at the time in its current specific sense - and
Hopper herself reports that the term "bug" was regularly
applied to problems in radar electronics during WWII.
Indeed, the use of "bug" to mean an industrial defect was
already established in Thomas Edison's time, and a more
specific and rather modern use can be found in an electrical
handbook from 1896 ("Hawkin's New Catechism of Electricity",
Theo. Audel & Co.) which says: "The term "bug" is used to a
limited extent to designate any fault or trouble in the
connections or working of electric apparatus." It further
notes that the term is "said to have originated in
quadruplex telegraphy and have been transferred to all
electric apparatus."
The latter observation may explain a common folk etymology of
the term; that it came from telephone company usage, in which
"bugs in a telephone cable" were blamed for noisy lines.
Though this derivation seems to be mistaken, it may well be a
distorted memory of a joke first current among *telegraph*
operators more than a century ago!
Actually, use of "bug" in the general sense of a disruptive
event goes back to Shakespeare! In the first edition of
Samuel Johnson's dictionary one meaning of "bug" is "A
frightful object; a walking spectre"; this is traced to
"bugbear", a Welsh term for a variety of mythological monster
which (to complete the circle) has recently been reintroduced
into the popular lexicon through fantasy role-playing games.
In any case, in jargon the word almost never refers to
insects. Here is a plausible conversation that never actually
happened:
"There is a bug in this ant farm!"
"What do you mean? I don't see any ants in it."
"That's the bug."
[There has been a widespread myth that the original bug was
moved to the Smithsonian, and an earlier version of this entry
so asserted. A correspondent who thought to check discovered
that the bug was not there. While investigating this in late
1990, your editor discovered that the NSWC still had the bug,
but had unsuccessfully tried to get the Smithsonian to accept
it - and that the present curator of their History of
American Technology Museum didn't know this and agreed that it
would make a worthwhile exhibit. It was moved to the
Smithsonian in mid-1991, but due to space and money
constraints has not yet been exhibited. Thus, the process of
investigating the original-computer-bug bug fixed it in an
entirely unexpected way, by making the myth true! - ESR]
[Jargon File]
(1999-06-29)
|
DEFECT
(bouvier) | DEFECT. The want of something required by law.
2. It is a general rule that pleadings shall have these two requisites;
1. A matter sufficient in law. 2. That it be deduced and expressed according
to the forms of law. The want of either of these is a defect.
3. Defects in matters of substance cannot be cured, because it does not
appear that the plaintiff is entitled to recover; but when the defects are
in matter of form, they are cured by a verdict in favor of the party who
committed them. 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 3292; 2 Wash. 1; 1 Hen. & Munf. 153; 16
Pick. 128, 541; 1 Day, 315; 4 Conn, 190; 5 Conn. 416; 6 Conn. 176; 12 Conn.
455; 1 P. C. C. R. 76; 2 Green, 133; 4 Blackf. 107; 2 M'Lean, 35; Bac. Ab.
Verdict, X.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
apparent defect
(encz) | apparent defect,zjevná vada |
congenital defect
(encz) | congenital defect, n: |
congenital heart defect
(encz) | congenital heart defect, n: |
defect
(encz) | defect,defekt n: Zdeněk Broždefect,dezertovat Pavel Machek; Gizadefect,nedostatek n: Zdeněk Broždefect,porucha n: defect,vada n: Zdeněk Broždefect,závada n: Zdeněk Brož |
defect of speech
(encz) | defect of speech, n: |
defection
(encz) | defection,přestoupení n: Zdeněk Broždefection,sběhnutí n: Zdeněk Brož |
defective
(encz) | defective,vadný adj: Zdeněk Brož |
defective pleading
(encz) | defective pleading, n: |
defectively
(encz) | defectively,vadně adv: Zdeněk Brož |
defectiveness
(encz) | defectiveness,defektnost n: Zdeněk Brož |
defector
(encz) | defector,dezertér n: Zdeněk Broždefector,emigrant n: webdefector,exulant n: webdefector,utečenec n: Zdeněk Brož |
defectors
(encz) | defectors,utečenci nax |
defects
(encz) | defects,defekty n: pl. Zdeněk Broždefects,vady n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
eye defect
(encz) | eye defect,oční vada web |
genetic defect
(encz) | genetic defect, n: |
mass defect
(encz) | mass defect, n: |
mental defectiveness
(encz) | mental defectiveness, n: |
septal defect
(encz) | septal defect, n: |
speech defect
(encz) | speech defect, n: |
ventricular septal defect
(encz) | ventricular septal defect, n: |
vision defect
(encz) | vision defect, n: |
visual defect
(encz) | visual defect, n: |
Defect
(gcide) | Defect \De*fect"\, v. t.
To injure; to damage. "None can my life defect." [R.]
--Troubles of Q. Elizabeth (1639).
[1913 Webster]Defect \De*fect"\, n. [L. defectus, fr. deficere, defectum, to
desert, fail, be wanting; de- + facere to make, do. See
Fact, Feat, and cf. Deficit.]
1. Want or absence of something necessary for completeness or
perfection; deficiency; -- opposed to superfluity.
[1913 Webster]
Errors have been corrected, and defects supplied.
--Davies.
[1913 Webster]
2. Failing; fault; imperfection, whether physical or moral;
blemish; as, a defect in the ear or eye; a defect in
timber or iron; a defect of memory or judgment.
[1913 Webster]
Trust not yourself; but, your defects to know,
Make use of every friend -- and every foe. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
Among boys little tenderness is shown to personal
defects. --Macaulay.
Syn: Deficiency; imperfection; blemish. See Fault.
[1913 Webster]Defect \De*fect"\, v. i.
To fail; to become deficient. [Obs.] "Defected honor."
--Warner.
[1913 Webster]
2. to abandon one country or faction, and join another.
[PJC] |
Defectibility
(gcide) | Defectibility \De*fect`i*bil"i*ty\, n.
Deficiency; imperfection. [R.] --Ld. Digby. Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster] |
Defectible
(gcide) | Defectible \De*fect"i*ble\, a.
Liable to defect; imperfect. [R.] "A defectible
understanding." --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster] |
Defection
(gcide) | Defection \De*fec"tion\, n. [L. defectio: cf. F. d['e]fection.
See Defect.]
Act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by
allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself;
desertion; failure in duty; a falling away; apostasy;
backsliding. "Defection and falling away from God." --Sir W.
Raleigh.
[1913 Webster]
The general defection of the whole realm. --Sir J.
Davies.
[1913 Webster] |
Defectionist
(gcide) | Defectionist \De*fec"tion*ist\, n.
One who advocates or encourages defection.
[1913 Webster] |
Defectious
(gcide) | Defectious \De*fec"tious\, a.
Having defects; imperfect. [Obs.] "Some one defectious
piece." --Sir P. Sidney.
[1913 Webster] |
Defective
(gcide) | Defective \De*fect"ive\, n.
1. Anything that is defective or lacking in some respect.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2. (Med.) One who is lacking physically or mentally.
Note: Under the term defectives are included deaf-mutes, the
blind, the feeble-minded, the insane, and sometimes,
esp. in criminology, criminals and paupers.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]Defective \De*fect"ive\, a. [L. defectivus: cf. F. d['e]fectif.
See Defect.]
1. Wanting in something; incomplete; lacking a part;
deficient; imperfect; faulty; -- applied either to natural
or moral qualities; as, a defective limb; defective
timber; a defective copy or account; a defective
character; defective rules.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Gram.) Lacking some of the usual forms of declension or
conjugation; as, a defective noun or verb. --
De*fect"ive*ly, adv. -- De*fect"ive*ness, n.
[1913 Webster] |
defective number
(gcide) | Imperfect \Im*per"fect\, a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not +
perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See
Perfect.]
1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a
part; deective; deficient.
[1913 Webster]
Something he left imperfect in the state. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to
successful or normal activity.
[1913 Webster]
He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed,
imperfect person. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not
conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste
or conscience; esthetically or morally defective.
[1913 Webster]
Nothing imperfect or deficient left
Of all that he created. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault;
Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
Imperfect arch, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew
arch.
Imperfect cadence (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic,
but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving
complete rest; a half close.
Imperfect consonances (Mus.), chords like the third and
sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the
fifth and forth.
Imperfect flower (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or
pistils. --Gray.
Imperfect interval (Mus.), one a semitone less than
perfect; as, an imperfect fifth.
Imperfect number (Math.), a number either greater or less
than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case,
it is called also a defective number; in the latter, an
abundant number.
Imperfect obligations (Law), obligations as of charity or
gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law.
Imperfect power (Math.), a number which can not be produced
by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a
factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus,
9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube.
Imperfect tense (Gram.), a tense expressing past time and
incomplete action.
[1913 Webster] |
Defectively
(gcide) | Defective \De*fect"ive\, a. [L. defectivus: cf. F. d['e]fectif.
See Defect.]
1. Wanting in something; incomplete; lacking a part;
deficient; imperfect; faulty; -- applied either to natural
or moral qualities; as, a defective limb; defective
timber; a defective copy or account; a defective
character; defective rules.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Gram.) Lacking some of the usual forms of declension or
conjugation; as, a defective noun or verb. --
De*fect"ive*ly, adv. -- De*fect"ive*ness, n.
[1913 Webster] |
Defectiveness
(gcide) | Defective \De*fect"ive\, a. [L. defectivus: cf. F. d['e]fectif.
See Defect.]
1. Wanting in something; incomplete; lacking a part;
deficient; imperfect; faulty; -- applied either to natural
or moral qualities; as, a defective limb; defective
timber; a defective copy or account; a defective
character; defective rules.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Gram.) Lacking some of the usual forms of declension or
conjugation; as, a defective noun or verb. --
De*fect"ive*ly, adv. -- De*fect"ive*ness, n.
[1913 Webster] |
Defectuosity
(gcide) | Defectuosity \De*fec`tu*os"i*ty\ (?; 135), n. [Cf. F.
d['e]fectuosit['e].]
Great imperfection. [Obs.] --W. Montagu.
[1913 Webster] |
Defectuous
(gcide) | Defectuous \De*fec"tu*ous\, a. [Cf. F. d['e]fectueux.]
Full of defects; imperfect. [Obs.] --Barrow.
[1913 Webster] |
Indefectibility
(gcide) | Indefectibility \In`de*fect`i*bil"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F.
ind['e]fectibilit['e].]
The quality of being indefectible. --Barrow.
[1913 Webster] |
Indefectible
(gcide) | Indefectible \In`de*fect"i*ble\, a. [Pref. in- not + defectible:
cf. F. ind['e]fectible.]
Not defectible; unfailing; not liable to defect, failure, or
decay.
[1913 Webster]
An indefectible treasure in the heavens. --Barrow.
[1913 Webster]
A state of indefectible virtue and happiness. --S.
Clarke.
[1913 Webster] |
Indefective
(gcide) | Indefective \In`de*fect"ive\, a.
Not defective; perfect; complete. "Absolute, indefective
obedience." --South.
[1913 Webster] |
atrial septal defect
(wn) | atrial septal defect
n 1: an abnormal opening between the left and right atria of the
heart |
autosomal recessive defect
(wn) | autosomal recessive defect
n 1: a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant
genes on an autosome [syn: autosomal recessive disease,
autosomal recessive defect] |
birth defect
(wn) | birth defect
n 1: a defect that is present at birth [syn: birth defect,
congenital anomaly, congenital defect, {congenital
disorder}, congenital abnormality] |
congenital defect
(wn) | congenital defect
n 1: a defect that is present at birth [syn: birth defect,
congenital anomaly, congenital defect, {congenital
disorder}, congenital abnormality] |
congenital heart defect
(wn) | congenital heart defect
n 1: a birth defect involving the heart |
defect
(wn) | defect
n 1: an imperfection in a bodily system; "visual defects"; "this
device permits detection of defects in the lungs"
2: a failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an
unfortunate defect of our lack of information" [syn:
defect, shortcoming]
3: an imperfection in an object or machine; "a flaw caused the
crystal to shatter"; "if there are any defects you should
send it back to the manufacturer" [syn: defect, fault,
flaw]
4: a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something
(especially on a person's body); "a facial blemish" [syn:
blemish, defect, mar]
v 1: desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to
join the opposing cause, country, or army; "If soldiers
deserted Hitler's army, they were shot" [syn: defect,
desert] |
defect of speech
(wn) | defect of speech
n 1: a disorder of oral speech [syn: speech disorder, {speech
defect}, defect of speech] |
defection
(wn) | defection
n 1: withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or
responsibility; "his abandonment of his wife and children
left them penniless" [syn: desertion, abandonment,
defection]
2: the state of having rejected your religious beliefs or your
political party or a cause (often in favor of opposing
beliefs or causes) [syn: apostasy, renunciation,
defection] |
defective
(wn) | defective
adj 1: having a defect; "I returned the appliance because it was
defective" [syn: defective, faulty]
2: markedly subnormal in structure or function or intelligence
or behavior; "defective speech"
3: not working properly; "a bad telephone connection"; "a
defective appliance" [syn: bad, defective] |
defective pleading
(wn) | defective pleading
n 1: any pleading that fails to conform in form or substance to
minimum standards of accuracy or sufficiency |
defectively
(wn) | defectively
adv 1: in a defective manner; "this machine functions only
defectively" |
defectiveness
(wn) | defectiveness
n 1: the state of being defective [syn: defectiveness,
faultiness] |
defector
(wn) | defector
n 1: a person who abandons their duty (as on a military post)
[syn: deserter, defector] |
genetic defect
(wn) | genetic defect
n 1: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically [syn:
genetic disease, genetic disorder, {genetic
abnormality}, genetic defect, congenital disease,
inherited disease, inherited disorder, {hereditary
disease}, hereditary condition] |
mass defect
(wn) | mass defect
n 1: the amount by which the mass of an atomic nucleus is less
than the sum of the masses of its constituent particles
[syn: mass defect, mass deficiency] |
mental defectiveness
(wn) | mental defectiveness
n 1: retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of
intelligence [syn: abnormality, mental defectiveness] |
septal defect
(wn) | septal defect
n 1: a congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and
right sides of the heart |
speech defect
(wn) | speech defect
n 1: a disorder of oral speech [syn: speech disorder, {speech
defect}, defect of speech] |
ventricular septal defect
(wn) | ventricular septal defect
n 1: a common congenital heart defect; an abnormal opening in
the septum dividing the ventricles allows blood to pass
directly from the left to the right ventricle; large
openings may cause congestive heart failure |
vision defect
(wn) | vision defect
n 1: impairment of the sense of sight [syn: visual impairment,
visual defect, vision defect, visual disorder] |
visual defect
(wn) | visual defect
n 1: impairment of the sense of sight [syn: visual impairment,
visual defect, vision defect, visual disorder] |
defect
(foldoc) | bug
bugs
defect
snag
An unwanted and unintended property of a
program or piece of hardware, especially one that causes
it to malfunction. Antonym of feature. E.g. "There's a bug
in the editor: it writes things out backward." The
identification and removal of bugs in a program is called
"debugging".
Admiral Grace Hopper (an early computing pioneer better
known for inventing COBOL) liked to tell a story in which a
technician solved a glitch in the Harvard Mark II machine
by pulling an actual insect out from between the contacts of
one of its relays, and she subsequently promulgated bug in
its hackish sense as a joke about the incident (though, as she
was careful to admit, she was not there when it happened).
For many years the logbook associated with the incident and
the actual bug in question (a moth) sat in a display case at
the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC). The entire story,
with a picture of the logbook and the moth taped into it, is
recorded in the "Annals of the History of Computing", Vol. 3,
No. 3 (July 1981), pp. 285--286.
The text of the log entry (from September 9, 1947), reads
"1545 Relay #70 Panel F (moth) in relay. First actual case of
bug being found". This wording establishes that the term was
already in use at the time in its current specific sense - and
Hopper herself reports that the term "bug" was regularly
applied to problems in radar electronics during WWII.
Indeed, the use of "bug" to mean an industrial defect was
already established in Thomas Edison's time, and a more
specific and rather modern use can be found in an electrical
handbook from 1896 ("Hawkin's New Catechism of Electricity",
Theo. Audel & Co.) which says: "The term "bug" is used to a
limited extent to designate any fault or trouble in the
connections or working of electric apparatus." It further
notes that the term is "said to have originated in
quadruplex telegraphy and have been transferred to all
electric apparatus."
The latter observation may explain a common folk etymology of
the term; that it came from telephone company usage, in which
"bugs in a telephone cable" were blamed for noisy lines.
Though this derivation seems to be mistaken, it may well be a
distorted memory of a joke first current among *telegraph*
operators more than a century ago!
Actually, use of "bug" in the general sense of a disruptive
event goes back to Shakespeare! In the first edition of
Samuel Johnson's dictionary one meaning of "bug" is "A
frightful object; a walking spectre"; this is traced to
"bugbear", a Welsh term for a variety of mythological monster
which (to complete the circle) has recently been reintroduced
into the popular lexicon through fantasy role-playing games.
In any case, in jargon the word almost never refers to
insects. Here is a plausible conversation that never actually
happened:
"There is a bug in this ant farm!"
"What do you mean? I don't see any ants in it."
"That's the bug."
[There has been a widespread myth that the original bug was
moved to the Smithsonian, and an earlier version of this entry
so asserted. A correspondent who thought to check discovered
that the bug was not there. While investigating this in late
1990, your editor discovered that the NSWC still had the bug,
but had unsuccessfully tried to get the Smithsonian to accept
it - and that the present curator of their History of
American Technology Museum didn't know this and agreed that it
would make a worthwhile exhibit. It was moved to the
Smithsonian in mid-1991, but due to space and money
constraints has not yet been exhibited. Thus, the process of
investigating the original-computer-bug bug fixed it in an
entirely unexpected way, by making the myth true! - ESR]
[Jargon File]
(1999-06-29)
|
defect analysis
(foldoc) | defect analysis
Using defects as data for continuous quality
improvement. Defect analysis generally seeks to classify
defects into categories and identify possible causes in order
to direct process improvement efforts.
(1996-05-13)
|
defect density
(foldoc) | defect density
The ratio of the number of defects to program
length.
(1996-05-13)
|
REMANENT PRO DEFECTU EMPTORUM
(bouvier) | REMANENT PRO DEFECTU EMPTORUM, practice. The return made by the sheriff to a
writ of execution when he has not been able to sell the property seized,
that the same remains unsold for want of buyers: in that case the plaintiff
is entitled to a venditioni exponas. Com. Dig. Execution, C. 8.
|
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