| slovo | definícia |
Gravity
(gcide) | Gravity \Grav"i*ty\, n.; pl. Gravities. [L. gravitas, fr.
gravis heavy; cf. F. gravit['e]. See Grave, a., Grief.]
1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of
lead.
[1913 Webster]
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and
learning." --Shak.
[1913 Webster] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
centre of gravity
(mass) | centre of gravity
- ťažisko |
Center of gravity
(gcide) |
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
[1913 Webster]
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center
of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
[1913 Webster]
Center of gravity See under Center.
Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4.
Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for
solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the
specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk
for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
[1913 Webster]center \cen"ter\ (s[e^]n"t[~e]r), n. [F. centre, fr. L. centrum,
fr. Gr. ke`ntron any sharp point, the point round which a
circle is described, fr. kentei^n to prick, goad.]
1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line,
figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of
a circle; the middle point or place.
[1913 Webster]
2. The middle or central portion of anything.
[1913 Webster]
3. A principal or important point of concentration; the
nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they
tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a
center of attaction.
[1913 Webster]
4. The earth. [Obs.] --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who
support the existing government. They sit in the middle of
the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding officer,
between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the
right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced
republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See Right,
and Left.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Arch.) A temporary structure upon which the materials of
a vault or arch are supported in position until the work
becomes self-supporting.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Mech.)
(a) One of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc.,
upon which the work is held, and about which it
revolves.
(b) A conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a
shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center,
on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In a lathe the
live center is in the spindle of the head stock; the
dead center is on the tail stock.
Planer centers are stocks carrying centers, when the object
to be planed must be turned on its axis.
[1913 Webster]
Center of an army, the body or troops occupying the place
in the line between the wings.
Center of a curve or Center of a surface (Geom.)
(a) A point such that every line drawn through the point
and terminated by the curve or surface is bisected at
the point.
(b) The fixed point of reference in polar coordinates. See
Coordinates.
Center of curvature of a curve (Geom.), the center of that
circle which has at any given point of the curve closer
contact with the curve than has any other circle whatever.
See Circle.
Center of a fleet, the division or column between the van
and rear, or between the weather division and the lee.
Center of gravity (Mech.), that point of a body about which
all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported,
the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by
gravity.
Center of gyration (Mech.), that point in a rotating body
at which the whole mass might be concentrated
(theoretically) without altering the resistance of the
intertia of the body to angular acceleration or
retardation.
Center of inertia (Mech.), the center of gravity of a body
or system of bodies.
Center of motion, the point which remains at rest, while
all the other parts of a body move round it.
Center of oscillation, the point at which, if the whole
matter of a suspended body were collected, the time of
oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual form
and state of the body.
Center of percussion, that point in a body moving about a
fixed axis at which it may strike an obstacle without
communicating a shock to the axis.
Center of pressure (Hydros.), that point in a surface
pressed by a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the
whole pressure and in the same line be applied in a
contrary direction, it will balance or counteract the
whole pressure of the fluid.
[1913 Webster] Center |
Gravity
(gcide) | Gravity \Grav"i*ty\, n.; pl. Gravities. [L. gravitas, fr.
gravis heavy; cf. F. gravit['e]. See Grave, a., Grief.]
1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of
lead.
[1913 Webster]
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and
learning." --Shak.
[1913 Webster] |
Gravity battery
(gcide) |
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
[1913 Webster]
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center
of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
[1913 Webster]
Center of gravity See under Center.
Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4.
Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for
solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the
specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk
for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
[1913 Webster]Battery \Bat"ter*y\, n.; pl. Batteries. [F. batterie, fr.
battre. See Batter, v. t.]
1. The act of battering or beating.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Law) The unlawful beating of another. It includes every
willful, angry and violent, or negligent touching of
another's person or clothes, or anything attached to his
person or held by him.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Mil.)
(a) Any place where cannon or mortars are mounted, for
attack or defense.
(b) Two or more pieces of artillery in the field.
(c) A company or division of artillery, including the
gunners, guns, horses, and all equipments. In the
United States, a battery of flying artillery consists
usually of six guns.
[1913 Webster]
Barbette battery. See Barbette.
Battery d'enfilade, or Enfilading battery, one that
sweeps the whole length of a line of troops or part of a
work.
Battery en ['e]charpe, one that plays obliquely.
Battery gun, a gun capable of firing a number of shots
simultaneously or successively without stopping to load.
Battery wagon, a wagon employed to transport the tools and
materials for repair of the carriages, etc., of the
battery.
In battery, projecting, as a gun, into an embrasure or over
a parapet in readiness for firing.
Masked battery, a battery artificially concealed until
required to open upon the enemy.
Out of battery, or From battery, withdrawn, as a gun, to
a position for loading.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Elec.)
(a) A number of coated jars (Leyden jars) so connected
that they may be charged and discharged
simultaneously.
(b) An apparatus for generating voltaic electricity.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In the trough battery, copper and zinc plates,
connected in pairs, divide the trough into cells, which
are filled with an acid or oxidizing liquid; the effect
is exhibited when wires connected with the two
end-plates are brought together. In {Daniell's
battery}, the metals are zinc and copper, the former in
dilute sulphuric acid, or a solution of sulphate of
zinc, the latter in a saturated solution of sulphate of
copper. A modification of this is the common {gravity
battery}, so called from the automatic action of the
two fluids, which are separated by their specific
gravities. In Grove's battery, platinum is the metal
used with zinc; two fluids are used, one of them in a
porous cell surrounded by the other. In Bunsen's or
the carbon battery, the carbon of gas coke is
substituted for the platinum of Grove's. In
Leclanch['e]'s battery, the elements are zinc in a
solution of ammonium chloride, and gas carbon
surrounded with manganese dioxide in a porous cell. A
secondary battery is a battery which usually has the
two plates of the same kind, generally of lead, in
dilute sulphuric acid, and which, when traversed by an
electric current, becomes charged, and is then capable
of giving a current of itself for a time, owing to
chemical changes produced by the charging current. A
storage battery is a kind of secondary battery used
for accumulating and storing the energy of electrical
charges or currents, usually by means of chemical work
done by them; an accumulator.
[1913 Webster]
5. A number of similar machines or devices in position; an
apparatus consisting of a set of similar parts; as, a
battery of boilers, of retorts, condensers, etc.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Metallurgy) A series of stamps operated by one motive
power, for crushing ores containing the precious metals.
--Knight.
[1913 Webster]
7. The box in which the stamps for crushing ore play up and
down.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Baseball) The pitcher and catcher together.
[1913 Webster] |
gravity battery
(gcide) |
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
[1913 Webster]
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center
of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
[1913 Webster]
Center of gravity See under Center.
Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4.
Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for
solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the
specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk
for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
[1913 Webster]Battery \Bat"ter*y\, n.; pl. Batteries. [F. batterie, fr.
battre. See Batter, v. t.]
1. The act of battering or beating.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Law) The unlawful beating of another. It includes every
willful, angry and violent, or negligent touching of
another's person or clothes, or anything attached to his
person or held by him.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Mil.)
(a) Any place where cannon or mortars are mounted, for
attack or defense.
(b) Two or more pieces of artillery in the field.
(c) A company or division of artillery, including the
gunners, guns, horses, and all equipments. In the
United States, a battery of flying artillery consists
usually of six guns.
[1913 Webster]
Barbette battery. See Barbette.
Battery d'enfilade, or Enfilading battery, one that
sweeps the whole length of a line of troops or part of a
work.
Battery en ['e]charpe, one that plays obliquely.
Battery gun, a gun capable of firing a number of shots
simultaneously or successively without stopping to load.
Battery wagon, a wagon employed to transport the tools and
materials for repair of the carriages, etc., of the
battery.
In battery, projecting, as a gun, into an embrasure or over
a parapet in readiness for firing.
Masked battery, a battery artificially concealed until
required to open upon the enemy.
Out of battery, or From battery, withdrawn, as a gun, to
a position for loading.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Elec.)
(a) A number of coated jars (Leyden jars) so connected
that they may be charged and discharged
simultaneously.
(b) An apparatus for generating voltaic electricity.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In the trough battery, copper and zinc plates,
connected in pairs, divide the trough into cells, which
are filled with an acid or oxidizing liquid; the effect
is exhibited when wires connected with the two
end-plates are brought together. In {Daniell's
battery}, the metals are zinc and copper, the former in
dilute sulphuric acid, or a solution of sulphate of
zinc, the latter in a saturated solution of sulphate of
copper. A modification of this is the common {gravity
battery}, so called from the automatic action of the
two fluids, which are separated by their specific
gravities. In Grove's battery, platinum is the metal
used with zinc; two fluids are used, one of them in a
porous cell surrounded by the other. In Bunsen's or
the carbon battery, the carbon of gas coke is
substituted for the platinum of Grove's. In
Leclanch['e]'s battery, the elements are zinc in a
solution of ammonium chloride, and gas carbon
surrounded with manganese dioxide in a porous cell. A
secondary battery is a battery which usually has the
two plates of the same kind, generally of lead, in
dilute sulphuric acid, and which, when traversed by an
electric current, becomes charged, and is then capable
of giving a current of itself for a time, owing to
chemical changes produced by the charging current. A
storage battery is a kind of secondary battery used
for accumulating and storing the energy of electrical
charges or currents, usually by means of chemical work
done by them; an accumulator.
[1913 Webster]
5. A number of similar machines or devices in position; an
apparatus consisting of a set of similar parts; as, a
battery of boilers, of retorts, condensers, etc.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Metallurgy) A series of stamps operated by one motive
power, for crushing ores containing the precious metals.
--Knight.
[1913 Webster]
7. The box in which the stamps for crushing ore play up and
down.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Baseball) The pitcher and catcher together.
[1913 Webster] |
gravity fault
(gcide) | Fault \Fault\, n. [OE. faut, faute, F. faute (cf. It., Sp., &
Pg. falta), fr. a verb meaning to want, fail, freq., fr. L.
fallere to deceive. See Fail, and cf. Default.]
1. Defect; want; lack; default.
[1913 Webster]
One, it pleases me, for fault of a better, to call
my friend. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs
excellence; a failing; a defect; a blemish.
[1913 Webster]
As patches set upon a little breach
Discredit more in hiding of the fault. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from duty; a
deviation from propriety; an offense less serious than a
crime.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Geol. & Mining)
(a) A dislocation of the strata of the vein.
(b) In coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities
in the seam; as, slate fault, dirt fault, etc.
--Raymond.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Hunting) A lost scent; act of losing the scent.
[1913 Webster]
Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled,
With much ado, the cold fault cleary out. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Tennis) Failure to serve the ball into the proper court.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Elec.) A defective point in an electric circuit due to a
crossing of the parts of the conductor, or to contact with
another conductor or the earth, or to a break in the
circuit.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
8. (Geol. & Mining) A dislocation caused by a slipping of
rock masses along a plane of facture; also, the dislocated
structure resulting from such slipping.
Note: The surface along which the dislocated masses have
moved is called the
fault plane. When this plane is vertical, the fault is a
vertical fault; when its inclination is such that the
present relative position of the two masses could have
been produced by the sliding down, along the fault plane,
of the mass on its upper side, the fault is a
normal fault, or gravity fault. When the fault plane is
so inclined that the mass on its upper side has moved up
relatively, the fault is then called a
reverse fault (or reversed fault), thrust fault, or
overthrust fault. If no vertical displacement has resulted,
the fault is then called a
horizontal fault. The linear extent of the dislocation
measured on the fault plane and in the direction of
movement is the
displacement; the vertical displacement is the
throw; the horizontal displacement is the
heave. The direction of the line of intersection of the
fault plane with a horizontal plane is the
trend of the fault. A fault is a
strike fault when its trend coincides approximately with
the strike of associated strata (i.e., the line of
intersection of the plane of the strata with a horizontal
plane); it is a
dip fault when its trend is at right angles to the strike;
an
oblique fault when its trend is oblique to the strike.
Oblique faults and dip faults are sometimes called
cross faults. A series of closely associated parallel
faults are sometimes called
step faults and sometimes
distributive faults.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
At fault, unable to find the scent and continue chase;
hence, in trouble or embarrassment, and unable to proceed;
puzzled; thrown off the track.
To find fault, to find reason for blaming or complaining;
to express dissatisfaction; to complain; -- followed by
with before the thing complained of; but formerly by at.
"Matter to find fault at." --Robynson (More's Utopia).
Syn: -- Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness;
blunder; failing; vice.
Usage: Fault, Failing, Defect, Foible. A fault is
positive, something morally wrong; a failing is
negative, some weakness or falling short in a man's
character, disposition, or habits; a defect is also
negative, and as applied to character is the absence
of anything which is necessary to its completeness or
perfection; a foible is a less important weakness,
which we overlook or smile at. A man may have many
failings, and yet commit but few faults; or his faults
and failings may be few, while his foibles are obvious
to all. The faults of a friend are often palliated or
explained away into mere defects, and the defects or
foibles of an enemy exaggerated into faults. "I have
failings in common with every human being, besides my
own peculiar faults; but of avarice I have generally
held myself guiltless." --Fox. "Presumption and
self-applause are the foibles of mankind."
--Waterland.
[1913 Webster] |
Gravity railway
(gcide) | Railroad \Rail"road`\ (r[=a]l"r[=o]d`), Railway \Rail"way`\
(r[=a]l"w[=a]`), n.
1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of
iron or steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks
for the wheels of vehicles, and suitably supported on a
bed or substructure.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of
the older tramway.
[1913 Webster]
2. The road, track, etc., with all the lands, buildings,
rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them and
constituting one property; as, a certain railroad has been
put into the hands of a receiver.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Railway is the commoner word in England; railroad the
commoner word in the United States.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In the following and similar phrases railroad and
railway are used interchangeably:
[1913 Webster]
Atmospheric railway, Elevated railway, etc. See under
Atmospheric, Elevated, etc.
Cable railway. See Cable road, under Cable.
Ferry railway, a submerged track on which an elevated
platform runs, for carrying a train of cars across a water
course.
Gravity railway, a railway, in a hilly country, on which
the cars run by gravity down gentle slopes for long
distances after having been hauled up steep inclines to an
elevated point by stationary engines.
Railway brake, a brake used in stopping railway cars or
locomotives.
Railway car, a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels
fitted for running on a railway. [U.S.]
Railway carriage, a railway passenger car. [Eng.]
Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a track which forms
part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars.
Railway slide. See Transfer table, under Transfer.
Railway spine (Med.), an abnormal condition due to severe
concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad
accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other
disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain
in the back, impairment of general health, and cerebral
disturbance, -- the symptoms often not developing till
some months after the injury.
Underground railroad Underground railway.
(a) A railroad or railway running through a tunnel, as
beneath the streets of a city.
(b) Formerly, a system of cooperation among certain active
antislavery people in the United States prior to 1866,
by which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach
Canada.
Note: [In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was
usually used.] "Their house was a principal entrep[^o]t
of the underground railroad." --W. D. Howells.
[1913 Webster] |
Specific gravity
(gcide) |
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence,
seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
[1913 Webster]
They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of
the place where they were uttered. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center
of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness.
[1913 Webster]
Center of gravity See under Center.
Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4.
Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the
weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the
standard or unit. This standard is usually water for
solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the
specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk
for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
[1913 Webster]specific \spe*cif"ic\ (sp[-e]*s[i^]f"[i^]k), a. [F.
sp['e]cifique, or NL. spesificus; L. species a particular
sort or kind + facere to make. Cf. specify.]
1. Of or pertaining to a species; characterizing or
constituting a species; possessing the peculiar property
or properties of a thing which constitute its species, and
distinguish it from other things; as, the specific form of
an animal or a plant; the specific qualities of a drug;
the specific distinction between virtue and vice.
[1913 Webster]
Specific difference is that primary attribute which
distinguishes each species from one another. --I.
Watts.
[1913 Webster]
2. Specifying; definite, or making definite; limited;
precise; discriminating; as, a specific statement.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Med.) Exerting a peculiar influence over any part of the
body; preventing or curing disease by a peculiar
adaptation, and not on general principles; as, quinine is
a specific medicine in cases of malaria.
[1913 Webster]
In fact, all medicines will be found specific in the
perfection of the science. --Coleridge.
[1913 Webster]
Specific character (Nat. Hist.), a characteristic or
characteristics distinguishing one species from every
other species of the same genus.
Specific disease (Med.)
(a) A disease which produces a determinate definite effect
upon the blood and tissues or upon some special
tissue.
(b) A disease which is itself uniformly produced by a
definite and peculiar poison or organism.
Specific duty. (Com.) See under Duty.
Specific gravity. (Physics) See under Gravity.
Specific heat (Physics), the quantity of heat required to
raise the temperature of a body one degree, taking as the
unit of measure the quantity required to raise the same
weight of water from zero to one degree; thus, the
specific heat of mercury is 0.033, that of water being
1.000.
Specific inductive capacity (Physics), the effect of a
dielectric body in producing static electric induction as
compared with that of some other body or bodies referred
to as a standard.
Specific legacy (Law), a bequest of a particular thing, as
of a particular animal or piece of furniture, specified
and distinguished from all others. --Wharton. --Burrill.
Specific name (Nat. Hist.), the name which, appended to the
name of the genus, constitutes the distinctive name of the
species; -- originally applied by Linnaeus to the
essential character of the species, or the essential
difference. The present specific name he at first called
the trivial name.
Specific performance (Law), the peformance of a contract or
agreement as decreed by a court of equity.
[1913 Webster] |
universal gravity
(gcide) | Gravitation \Grav"i*ta"tion\, n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See
Gravity.]
1. The act of gravitating.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all
bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward
each other; called also attraction of gravitation,
universal gravitation, and universal gravity. See
Attraction, and Weight.
[1913 Webster]
Law of gravitation, that law in accordance with which
gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or
portions of matter in the universe attract each other with
a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter
they contain, and inversely to the squares of their
distances.
[1913 Webster] |
|