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Indirect demonstration
(gcide) | Indirect \In`di*rect"\, a. [Pref. in- not + direct: cf. F.
indirect.]
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1. Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a
direct line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road.
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2. Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest
course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or
consequentially; by remote means; as, an indirect
accusation, attack, answer, or proposal.
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By what bypaths and indirect, crooked ways
I met this crown. --Shak.
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3. Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending
to mislead or deceive.
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Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or
other. --Tillotson.
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4. Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or
less remotely connected with or growing out of it; as,
indirect results, damages, or claims.
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5. (Logic & Math.) Not reaching the end aimed at by the most
plain and direct method; as, an indirect proof,
demonstration, etc.
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Indirect claims, claims for remote or consequential damage.
Such claims were presented to and thrown out by the
commissioners who arbitrated the damage inflicted on the
United States by the Confederate States cruisers built and
supplied by Great Britain.
Indirect demonstration, a mode of demonstration in which
proof is given by showing that any other supposition
involves an absurdity (reductio ad absurdum), or an
impossibility; thus, one quantity may be proved equal to
another by showing that it can be neither greater nor
less.
Indirect discourse. (Gram.) See Direct discourse, under
Direct.
Indirect evidence, evidence or testimony which is
circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; --
opposed to direct evidence.
Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, etc.,
exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by
the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles
of merchandise.
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Indirect demonstration
(gcide) | Demonstration \Dem`on*stra"tion\, n. [L. demonstratio: cf. F.
d['e]monstration.]
1. The act of demonstrating; an exhibition; proof;
especially, proof beyond the possibility of doubt;
indubitable evidence, to the senses or reason.
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Those intervening ideas which serve to show the
agreement of any two others are called "proofs;" and
where agreement or disagreement is by this means
plainly and clearly perceived, it is called
demonstration. --Locke.
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2. An expression, as of the feelings, by outward signs; a
manifestation; a show. See also sense 7 for a more
specific related meaning.
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Did your letters pierce the queen to any
demonstration of grief? --Shak.
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Loyal demonstrations toward the prince. --Prescott.
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3. (Anat.) The exhibition and explanation of a dissection or
other anatomical preparation.
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4. (Mil.) a decisive exhibition of force, or a movement
indicating an attack.
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5. (Logic) The act of proving by the syllogistic process, or
the proof itself.
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6. (Math.) A course of reasoning showing that a certain
result is a necessary consequence of assumed premises; --
these premises being definitions, axioms, and previously
established propositions.
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7. a public gathering of people to express some sentiment or
feelings by explicit means, such as picketing, parading,
carrying signs or shouting, usually in favor of or opposed
to some action of government or of a business.
[PJC]
8. the act of showing how a certain device, machine or
product operates, or how a procedure is performed; --
usually done for the purpose of inducing prospective
customers to buy a product; as, a demonstration of the
simple operation of a microwave oven.
[PJC]
Direct demonstration, or Positive demonstration, (Logic &
Math.), one in which the correct conclusion is the
immediate sequence of reasoning from axiomatic or
established premises; -- opposed to
Indirect demonstration, or Negative demonstration (called
also reductio ad absurdum), in which the correct
conclusion is an inference from the demonstration that any
other hypothesis must be incorrect.
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