| slovo | definícia |
Trover
(gcide) | Trover \Tro"ver\ (tr[=o]"v[~e]r), n. [OF. trover, truver, to
find, F. trouver; probably originally, to invent or compose
(melodies), fr. (assumed) LL. tropare. See Troubadour,
Trope, and cf. Contrive, Reirieve, Trouveur.] (Law)
(a) The gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding
or by other means.
(b) An action to recover damages against one who found goods,
and would not deliver them to the owner on demand; an
action which lies in any case to recover the value of
goods wrongfully converted by another to his own use. In
this case the finding, though alleged, is an immaterial
fact; the injury lies in the conversion.
[1913 Webster] |
TROVER
(bouvier) | TROVER, remedies. Trover signifies finding. The remedy is called an action
of trover; it is brought to recover the value of personal chattels,
wrongfully converted by another to his own use; the form supposed that the
defendant might have acquired the possession of the property lawfully,
namely, by finding, but if he did not, by bringing the action the plaintiff
waives the trespass; no damages can therefore be recovered for the taking,
all must be for the conversion. 17 Pick. 1; Anthon, 156; 21 Pick. 559; 7
Monr. 209; 1 Metc. 172.
2. It will be proper to consider the subject with reference, 1. To the
thing converted. 2. The plaintiff's right. 3. The nature of the injury. 4.
The pleadings. 5. The verdict and judgment.
3.-1. The property affected must be some personal chattel; 3, Serg. &
Rawle, 513; and it has been decided that trover lies for title deeds; 2
Yeates, R. 537; and for a copy of a record. Hardr. 111. Vide 2 T. R. 788; 2
Salk. 654; 2 New Rep. 170; 3 Campb. 417; 3 Johns. R. 432; 10 Johns. R. 172;
12 Johns. R. 484; 6 Mass. R. 394; 17 Serg. & Rawle, 285; 2 Rawle, R. 241.
Trover will be sustained for animals ferae naturae, reclaimed. Hugh. Ab.
Action upon the case of Trover and Conversion, pl. 3. But trover will not
lie for personal property in the custody of the law, nor when the title to
the property can be settled only by a peculiar jurisdiction; as, for
example, property taken on the high seas, and claimed as lawful prize,
because in such case, the courts of admiralty have exclusive jurisdiction.
Cam. & N. 115, 143; but see 14 John. 273. Nor will it lie where the property
bailed has been lost by the bailee, or stolen from him, or been destroyed by
accident or from negligence case is the proper remedy. 2 Iredell, 98.
4.-2. The plaintiff must at the time of the conversion have had a
property in the chattel either general or special; 1 Yeates, R. 19; 3 S. &
R. 509; 15 John. R. 205, 349; 16 John. R. 159; 1 Humph. R. 199; he must also
have had actual possession or right to immediate possession. The person who
has the absolute or general property in a personal chattel may support this
action, although he has never had possession, for it is a rule that the
general property of personal chattels creates a constructive possession. 2
Saund. 47 a, note 1; Bac. Ab. Trover, C; 4 Rawle, R. 185. One who has a
special property, which consists in the lawful custody of goods with a right
of detention against the general owner, may maintain trover. Story, Bailm.
93 n.
5.-3. There must have been a conversion, which may have been effected,
1st. By the wrongful taking of a personal chattel. 2d. By some other illegal
assumption of ownership, or by illegally using or misusing it; or, 3d. By a
wrongful detention., Vide Conversion.
6.-4. The declaration should state that the plaintiff Was possessed of
the goods (describing them) as of his own property, and that they came to
the defendant's possession by finding; and the conversion should be properly
averred, as that is the gist of the action. It is not indispensable to state
the price or value of the thing converted. 2 Wash. 192. See 2 Cowen, 592 13
S. & R. 99; 3 Watts, 333; 1 Blackf. 51; 1 South 211; 2 South. 509. Vide
form, 2 Chitty's Pl. 370, 371. The usual plea is not guilty, which is the
general issue. Bull. N. P. 48.
7.-5. The verdict should be for the damages sustained, and the measure
of such damages is the value of the property at the time of the conversion,
with interest. 17 Pick. 1; 7 Monr. 209; 1 Mete. 172; 8 Port. R. 191; 2 Hill,
132; 8 Dana, 192. The judgment, when for the plaintiff, is that he recover
his damages and costs; 1 Chit. Pl. 157; when for the defendant, the judgment
is that he recover his costs. Vide, generally, 1 Chit. Pl. 147 to 157 Chit.
Pr. Index, h.t.; Bac. Ab. h.t.; Dane's Ab. h.t. Vin. Ab. h.t.; Com. Dig.
Action upon the case upon trover; Id. Pleader, 2 I; Doct. Pl. 494; Amer.
Digests, h.t.; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t. As to the evidence to be given in
actions of trover, see Rose. Civ. Ev. 395 to 412.
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
controversial
(mass) | controversial
- kontroverzný |
controvert
(mass) | controvert
- popierať |
extrovert
(mass) | extrovert
- extrovert |
extrovert
(msas) | extrovert
- extrovert |
extrovertný
(msas) | extrovertný
- extravert |
kontroverzný
(msas) | kontroverzný
- controversial |
extrovert
(msasasci) | extrovert
- extrovert |
extrovertny
(msasasci) | extrovertny
- extravert |
kontroverzny
(msasasci) | kontroverzny
- controversial |
controversial
(encz) | controversial,sporný Pavel Machek; Giza |
controversialist
(encz) | controversialist,polemik n: Zdeněk Brož |
controversially
(encz) | controversially,kontroverzně adv: Zdeněk Brožcontroversially,sporně adv: Zdeněk Brož |
controversies
(encz) | controversies, |
controversy
(encz) | controversy,kontroverze n: Zdeněk Brožcontroversy,polemika n: Zdeněk Brožcontroversy,spor n: Zdeněk Brož |
controvert
(encz) | controvert,popírat v: Zdeněk Brožcontrovert,vyvracet v: Zdeněk Brož |
controvertible
(encz) | controvertible,sporný adj: Zdeněk Brož |
extroversion
(encz) | extroversion,extroverze n: Zdeněk Brož |
extroversive
(encz) | extroversive,extrovert n: Zdeněk Brož |
extrovert
(encz) | extrovert,extrovert n: Zdeněk Brožextrovert,extrovertní adj: Zdeněk Brož |
extroverted
(encz) | extroverted, adj: |
extrovertish
(encz) | extrovertish, adj: |
extrovertive
(encz) | extrovertive, adj: |
incontrovertibility
(encz) | incontrovertibility, n: |
incontrovertible
(encz) | incontrovertible,nevyvratitelný adj: Zdeněk Brož |
incontrovertibleness
(encz) | incontrovertibleness, n: |
incontrovertibly
(encz) | incontrovertibly,nevyvratitelně adv: Zdeněk Brož |
introversion
(encz) | introversion,introverze n: Zdeněk Brožintroversion,otočení dovnitř Zdeněk Brožintroversion,zaměření na sebe Zdeněk Brož |
introversive
(encz) | introversive,introverzní Zdeněk Brož |
introvert
(encz) | introvert,introvert n: Zdeněk Brožintrovert,introvertní adj: Zdeněk Brož |
introverted
(encz) | introverted, adj: |
introvertish
(encz) | introvertish, adj: |
introvertive
(encz) | introvertive,introverzní Zdeněk Brož |
non-controversial
(encz) | non-controversial,nekontroverzní Jaroslav Šedivý |
noncontroversial
(encz) | noncontroversial,nekontroverzní |
retroversion
(encz) | retroversion, n: |
retrovert
(encz) | retrovert, v: |
uncontroversial
(encz) | uncontroversial,nesporný adj: Zdeněk Brož |
uncontroversially
(encz) | uncontroversially,nekontroverzně adv: Zdeněk Brož |
extrovert
(czen) | extrovert,extroversiven: Zdeněk Brožextrovert,extrovertn: Zdeněk Brož |
extrovertní
(czen) | extrovertní,extrovertadj: Zdeněk Brož |
extroverze
(czen) | extroverze,extraversionn: Zdeněk Brožextroverze,extroversionn: Zdeněk Brož |
introvert
(czen) | introvert,introvertn: Zdeněk Brož |
introvertní
(czen) | introvertní,introvertadj: Zdeněk Brož |
introverze
(czen) | introverze,introversionn: Zdeněk Brož |
introverzní
(czen) | introverzní,introversive Zdeněk Brožintroverzní,introvertive Zdeněk Brož |
kontroverze
(czen) | kontroverze,contestationn: Zdeněk Brožkontroverze,controversyn: Zdeněk Brož |
kontroverzní věc
(czen) | kontroverzní věc,bone of contention Zdeněk Brož |
kontroverzně
(czen) | kontroverzně,argumentativelyadv: Zdeněk Brožkontroverzně,controversiallyadv: Zdeněk Brož |
nekontroverzní
(czen) | nekontroverzní,non-controversial Jaroslav Šedivýnekontroverzní,noncontroversial |
nekontroverzně
(czen) | nekontroverzně,uncontroversiallyadv: Zdeněk Brož |
Antrovert
(gcide) | Antrovert \An`tro*vert"\, v. t.
To bend forward. [R.] --Owen.
[1913 Webster] |
Bering Sea Controversy
(gcide) | Bering Sea Controversy \Be"ring Sea Controversy\
A controversy (1886 -- 93) between Great Britain and the
United States as to the right of Canadians not licensed by
the United States to carry on seal fishing in the Bering Sea,
over which the United States claimed jurisdiction as a mare
clausum. A court of arbitration, meeting in Paris in 1893,
decided against the claim of the United States, but
established regulations for the preservation of the fur seal.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Controversal
(gcide) | Controversal \Con`tro*ver"sal\, a.
1. Turning or looking opposite ways. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The temple of Janus, with his two controversal
faces. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
2. Controversial. [Obs.] --Boyle.
[1913 Webster] |
Controversary
(gcide) | Controversary \Con`tro*ver"sa*ry\, a.
Controversial. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall.
[1913 Webster] |
Controverse
(gcide) | Controverse \Con"tro*verse\, n. [Cf. F. controverse.]
Controversy. [Obs.] --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]Controverse \Con"tro*verse\, v. t. [L. controversari, fr.
controversus turned against, disputed.]
To dispute; to controvert. [Obs.] "Controversed causes."
--Hooker.
[1913 Webster] |
Controverser
(gcide) | Controverser \Con"tro*ver`ser\, n.
A disputant. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster] |
Controversial
(gcide) | Controversial \Con`tro*ver"sial\, a. [Cf. LL. controversialis.]
Relating to, or consisting of, controversy; disputatious;
polemical; as, controversial divinity.
[1913 Webster]
Whole libraries of controversial books. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster] |
Controversialist
(gcide) | Controversialist \Con`tro*ver"sial*ist\, n.
One who carries on a controversy; a disputant.
[1913 Webster]
He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the
stuff of which controversialists are made. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster] |
Controversially
(gcide) | Controversially \Con`tro*ver"sial*ly\, adv.
In a controversial manner.
[1913 Webster] |
Controversies
(gcide) | Controversy \Con"tro*ver`sy\, n.; pl. Controversies. [L.
controversia, fr. controversus turned against, disputed;
contro- = contra + versus, p. p. of vertere to turn. See
Verse.]
1. Contention; dispute; debate; discussion; agitation of
contrary opinions.
[1913 Webster]
This left no room for controversy about the title.
--Locke.
[1913 Webster]
A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in
writing. --Johnson.
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2. Quarrel; strife; cause of variance; difference.
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The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. --Jer.
xxv. 31.
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3. A suit in law or equity; a question of right. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
When any man that had a controversy came to the king
for judgment. --2 Sam. xv.
2.
Syn: Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement; altercation;
contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.
[1913 Webster] |
Controversion
(gcide) | Controversion \Con`tro*ver"sion\, n.
Act of controverting; controversy. [Obs.] --Hooker.
[1913 Webster] |
Controversor
(gcide) | Controversor \Con"tro*ver`sor\, n.
A controverser. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster] |
Controversy
(gcide) | Controversy \Con"tro*ver`sy\, n.; pl. Controversies. [L.
controversia, fr. controversus turned against, disputed;
contro- = contra + versus, p. p. of vertere to turn. See
Verse.]
1. Contention; dispute; debate; discussion; agitation of
contrary opinions.
[1913 Webster]
This left no room for controversy about the title.
--Locke.
[1913 Webster]
A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in
writing. --Johnson.
[1913 Webster]
2. Quarrel; strife; cause of variance; difference.
[1913 Webster]
The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. --Jer.
xxv. 31.
[1913 Webster]
3. A suit in law or equity; a question of right. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
When any man that had a controversy came to the king
for judgment. --2 Sam. xv.
2.
Syn: Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement; altercation;
contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.
[1913 Webster] |
Controvert
(gcide) | Controvert \Con"tro*vert\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Controverted;
p. pr. & vb. n. Controverting.] [See Controversy.]
To make matter of controversy; to dispute or oppose by
reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to
contest; to debate.
[1913 Webster]
Some controverted points had decided according to the
sense of the best jurists. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster] |
Controverted
(gcide) | Controvert \Con"tro*vert\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Controverted;
p. pr. & vb. n. Controverting.] [See Controversy.]
To make matter of controversy; to dispute or oppose by
reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to
contest; to debate.
[1913 Webster]
Some controverted points had decided according to the
sense of the best jurists. --Macaulay.
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Controverter
(gcide) | Controverter \Con"tro*ver`ter\, n.
One who controverts; a controversial writer; a
controversialist.
[1913 Webster]
Some controverters in divinity are like swaggerers in a
tavern. --B. Jonson.
[1913 Webster] |
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