| slovo | definícia |
vertebra
(encz) | vertebra,obratel n: Zdeněk Brož |
Vertebra
(gcide) | Vertebra \Ver"te*bra\ (v[~e]r"t[-e]*br[.a]), n.; pl.
Vertebrae. [L. vertebra, fr. vertere to turn, change. See
Verse.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Anat.) One of the serial segments of the spinal column.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In many fishes the vertebrae are simple cartilaginous
disks or short cylinders, but in the higher vertebrates
they are composed of many parts, and the vertebrae in
different portions of the same column vary very
greatly. A well-developed vertebra usually consists of
a more or less cylindrical and solid body, or centrum,
which is surmounted dorsally by an arch, leaving an
opening which forms a part of the canal containing the
spinal cord. From this dorsal, or neural, arch spring
various processes, or apophyses, which have received
special names: a dorsal, or neural, spine, spinous
process, or neurapophysis, on the middle of the arch;
two anterior and two posterior articular processes, or
zygapophyses; and one or two transverse processes on
each side. In those vertebrae which bear well-developed
ribs, a tubercle near the end of the rib articulates at
a tubercular facet on the transverse process
(diapophysis), while the end, or head, of the rib
articulates at a more ventral capitular facet which is
sometimes developed into a second, or ventral,
transverse process (parapophysis). In vertebrates with
well-developed hind limbs, the spinal column is divided
into five regions in each of which the vertebrae are
specially designated: those vertebrae in front of, or
anterior to, the first vertebra which bears ribs
connected with the sternum are cervical; all those
which bear ribs and are back of the cervicals are
dorsal; the one or more directly supporting the pelvis
are sacral and form the sacrum; those between the
sacral and dorsal are lumbar; and all those back of the
sacral are caudal, or coccygeal. In man there are seven
cervical vertebrae, twelve dorsal, five lumbar, five
sacral, and usually four, but sometimes five and rarely
three, coccygeal.
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2. (Zool.) One of the central ossicles in each joint of the
arms of an ophiuran.
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[1913 Webster] |
vertebra
(wn) | vertebra
n 1: one of the bony segments of the spinal column |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
caudal vertebra
(encz) | caudal vertebra, n: |
cervical vertebra
(encz) | cervical vertebra, n: |
coccygeal vertebra
(encz) | coccygeal vertebra, n: |
dorsal vertebra
(encz) | dorsal vertebra, n: |
intervertebral
(encz) | intervertebral,intervertebrální Zdeněk Brož |
intervertebral disc
(encz) | intervertebral disc, n: |
intervertebral disk
(encz) | intervertebral disk, n: |
intervertebral vein
(encz) | intervertebral vein, n: |
invertebrate
(encz) | invertebrate,bezobratlovec n: Zdeněk Brožinvertebrate,bezobratlý adj: Zdeněk Brož |
invertebrate foot
(encz) | invertebrate foot, n: |
invertebrates
(encz) | invertebrates,bezobratlí Zdeněk Brož |
jawless vertebrate
(encz) | jawless vertebrate, n: |
lamina arcus vertebrae
(encz) | lamina arcus vertebrae, n: |
lumbar vertebra
(encz) | lumbar vertebra, n: |
ruptured intervertebral disc
(encz) | ruptured intervertebral disc, n: |
sacral vertebra
(encz) | sacral vertebra, n: |
subphylum vertebrata
(encz) | subphylum Vertebrata, n: |
thoracic vertebra
(encz) | thoracic vertebra, n: |
vena basivertebralis
(encz) | vena basivertebralis, n: |
vena intervertebralis
(encz) | vena intervertebralis, n: |
vena vertebralis
(encz) | vena vertebralis, n: |
vena vertebralis accessoria
(encz) | vena vertebralis accessoria, n: |
vena vertebralis anterior
(encz) | vena vertebralis anterior, n: |
vertebra
(encz) | vertebra,obratel n: Zdeněk Brož |
vertebrae
(encz) | vertebrae,obratel n: Zdeněk Brožvertebrae,obratle Zdeněk Brož |
vertebral
(encz) | vertebral,obratlový adj: Zdeněk Brož |
vertebral arch
(encz) | vertebral arch, n: |
vertebral artery
(encz) | vertebral artery, n: |
vertebral canal
(encz) | vertebral canal, n: |
vertebral column
(encz) | vertebral column, n: |
vertebral vein
(encz) | vertebral vein, n: |
vertebrata
(encz) | Vertebrata, |
vertebrate
(encz) | vertebrate,obratlovec n: Zdeněk Brož |
vertebrate foot
(encz) | vertebrate foot, n: |
vertebrate paleontology
(encz) | vertebrate paleontology, n: |
vertebrates
(encz) | vertebrates,obratlovci n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
Age of invertebrates
(gcide) | Invertebrate \In*ver"te*brate\, a. (Zool.)
Destitute of a backbone; having no vertebr[ae]; of or
pertaining to the Invertebrata. -- n. One of the
Invertebrata.
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Age of invertebrates. See Age, and Silurian.
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Anticlinal vertebra
(gcide) | Anticlinal \An`ti*cli"nal\ ([a^]n`t[i^]*kl[imac]"nal), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. kli`nein to incline.]
1. Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See
Synclinal.
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2. (Bot.) occurring at right angles to the surface of a plant
organ.
[PJC]
Anticlinal line, Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line from
which strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge
of a roof.
Anticlinal vertebra (Anat.), one of the dorsal vertebr[ae],
which in many animals has an upright spine toward which
the spines of the neighboring vertebr[ae] are inclined.
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Intervertebral
(gcide) | Intervertebral \In`ter*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Between vertebr[ae]. -- In`ter*ver"te*bral*ly, adv.
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Intervertebrally
(gcide) | Intervertebral \In`ter*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Between vertebr[ae]. -- In`ter*ver"te*bral*ly, adv.
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Invertebral
(gcide) | Invertebral \In*ver"te*bral\, a. (Zool.)
Same as Invertebrate.
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Invertebrata
(gcide) | Invertebrata \In*ver`te*bra"ta\, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. in- not +
vertebratus vertebrate.] (Zool.)
A comprehensive division of the animal kingdom, including all
except the Vertebrata.
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Invertebrate
(gcide) | Invertebrate \In*ver"te*brate\, a. (Zool.)
Destitute of a backbone; having no vertebr[ae]; of or
pertaining to the Invertebrata. -- n. One of the
Invertebrata.
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Age of invertebrates. See Age, and Silurian.
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Invertebrated
(gcide) | Invertebrated \In*ver"te*bra`ted\, a.
Having no backbone; invertebrate.
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Perivertebral
(gcide) | Perivertebral \Per`i*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Surrounding the vertebr[ae].
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Prevertebral
(gcide) | Prevertebral \Pre*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated immediately in front, or on the ventral side, of the
vertebral column; prespinal.
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Protovertebra
(gcide) | Protovertebra \Pro`to*ver"te*bra\, n.; pl. Protovertebr[ae] .
[Proto- + vertebra.] (Anat.)
One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the
mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side
of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or
protovertebral, somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.
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Note: The protovertebr[ae] were long regarded as rudiments of
the permanent vertebr[ae], but they are now known to
give rise to the dorsal muscles and other structures as
well as the vertebral column. See Myotome.
[1913 Webster] |
Protovertebrae
(gcide) | Protovertebra \Pro`to*ver"te*bra\, n.; pl. Protovertebr[ae] .
[Proto- + vertebra.] (Anat.)
One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the
mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side
of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or
protovertebral, somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.
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Note: The protovertebr[ae] were long regarded as rudiments of
the permanent vertebr[ae], but they are now known to
give rise to the dorsal muscles and other structures as
well as the vertebral column. See Myotome.
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Protovertebral
(gcide) | Protovertebral \Pro`to*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the protovertebr[ae].
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Sacrovertebral
(gcide) | Sacrovertebral \Sa`cro*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that part of the vertebral
column immediately anterior to it; as, the sacrovertebral
angle.
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Spinous process of a vertebra
(gcide) | Spinous \Spi"nous\, a.
1. Spinose; thorny.
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2. Having the form of a spine or thorn; spinelike.
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Spinous process of a vertebra (Anat.), the dorsal process
of the neural arch of a vertebra; a neurapophysis.
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Subvertebral
(gcide) | Subvertebral \Sub*ver"te*bral\, a. (Anat.)
Situated beneath, or on the ventral side of, the vertebral
column; situated beneath, or inside of, the endoskeleton;
hypaxial; hyposkeletal.
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vertebra dentata
(gcide) | Axis \Ax"is\, n.; pl. Axes. [L. axis axis, axle. See Axle.]
A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body,
on which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line
passing through a body or system around which the parts are
symmetrically arranged.
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2. (Math.) A straight line with respect to which the
different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically arranged;
as, the axis of a cylinder, i. e., the axis of a cone,
that is, the straight line joining the vertex and the
center of the base; the axis of a circle, any straight
line passing through the center.
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3. (Bot.) The stem; the central part, or longitudinal
support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the
central line of any body. --Gray.
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4. (Anat.)
(a) The second vertebra of the neck, or {vertebra
dentata}.
(b) Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is
prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first
vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process
or peg which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head
to turn upon.
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5. (Crystallog.) One of several imaginary lines, assumed in
describing the position of the planes by which a crystal
is bounded.
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6. (Fine Arts) The primary or secondary central line of any
design.
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Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line or ridge from which the
strata slope downward on the two opposite sides.
Synclinal axis, a line from which the strata slope upward
in opposite directions, so as to form a valley.
Axis cylinder (Anat.), the neuraxis or essential, central
substance of a nerve fiber; -- called also axis band,
axial fiber, and cylinder axis.
Axis in peritrochio, the wheel and axle, one of the
mechanical powers.
Axis of a curve (Geom.), a straight line which bisects a
system of parallel chords of a curve; called a {principal
axis}, when cutting them at right angles, in which case it
divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as in the
parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has
two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two
axes of the ellipse are the major axis and the {minor
axis}, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the
transverse axis and the conjugate axis.
Axis of a lens, the straight line passing through its
center and perpendicular to its surfaces.
Axis of a microscope or Axis of a telescope, the straight
line with which coincide the axes of the several lenses
which compose it.
Axes of co["o]rdinates in a plane, two straight lines
intersecting each other, to which points are referred for
the purpose of determining their relative position: they
are either rectangular or oblique.
Axes of co["o]rdinates in space, the three straight lines
in which the co["o]rdinate planes intersect each other.
Axis of a balance, that line about which it turns.
Axis of oscillation, of a pendulum, a right line passing
through the center about which it vibrates, and
perpendicular to the plane of vibration.
Axis of polarization, the central line around which the
prismatic rings or curves are arranged. --Brewster.
Axis of revolution (Descriptive Geom.), a straight line
about which some line or plane is revolved, so that the
several points of the line or plane shall describe circles
with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes
perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of
revolution, and the plane a solid of revolution.
Axis of symmetry (Geom.), any line in a plane figure which
divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when
folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other
part.
Axis of the equator, ecliptic, horizon (or other circle
considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies),
the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the
plane of the circle. --Hutton.
Axis of the Ionic capital (Arch.), a line passing
perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the
volute.
Neutral axis (Mech.), the line of demarcation between the
horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression,
exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a girder.
Optic axis of a crystal, the direction in which a ray of
transmitted light suffers no double refraction. All
crystals, not of the isometric system, are either uniaxial
or biaxial.
Optic axis, Visual axis (Opt.), the straight line passing
through the center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the
surface of the eye.
Radical axis of two circles (Geom.), the straight line
perpendicular to the line joining their centers and such
that the tangents from any point of it to the two circles
shall be equal to each other.
Spiral axis (Arch.), the axis of a twisted column drawn
spirally in order to trace the circumvolutions without.
Axis of abscissas and Axis of ordinates. See Abscissa.
[1913 Webster] |
Vertebrae
(gcide) | Vertebra \Ver"te*bra\ (v[~e]r"t[-e]*br[.a]), n.; pl.
Vertebrae. [L. vertebra, fr. vertere to turn, change. See
Verse.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Anat.) One of the serial segments of the spinal column.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In many fishes the vertebrae are simple cartilaginous
disks or short cylinders, but in the higher vertebrates
they are composed of many parts, and the vertebrae in
different portions of the same column vary very
greatly. A well-developed vertebra usually consists of
a more or less cylindrical and solid body, or centrum,
which is surmounted dorsally by an arch, leaving an
opening which forms a part of the canal containing the
spinal cord. From this dorsal, or neural, arch spring
various processes, or apophyses, which have received
special names: a dorsal, or neural, spine, spinous
process, or neurapophysis, on the middle of the arch;
two anterior and two posterior articular processes, or
zygapophyses; and one or two transverse processes on
each side. In those vertebrae which bear well-developed
ribs, a tubercle near the end of the rib articulates at
a tubercular facet on the transverse process
(diapophysis), while the end, or head, of the rib
articulates at a more ventral capitular facet which is
sometimes developed into a second, or ventral,
transverse process (parapophysis). In vertebrates with
well-developed hind limbs, the spinal column is divided
into five regions in each of which the vertebrae are
specially designated: those vertebrae in front of, or
anterior to, the first vertebra which bears ribs
connected with the sternum are cervical; all those
which bear ribs and are back of the cervicals are
dorsal; the one or more directly supporting the pelvis
are sacral and form the sacrum; those between the
sacral and dorsal are lumbar; and all those back of the
sacral are caudal, or coccygeal. In man there are seven
cervical vertebrae, twelve dorsal, five lumbar, five
sacral, and usually four, but sometimes five and rarely
three, coccygeal.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Zool.) One of the central ossicles in each joint of the
arms of an ophiuran.
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Vertebral
(gcide) | Vertebral \Ver"te*bral\ (v[~e]r"t[-e]*bral), a. [Cf. F.
vert['e]bral.]
1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a vertebra, vertebrae, or the
vertebral column; spinal; rachidian.
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2. Vertebrate.
[1913 Webster]Vertebral \Ver"te*bral\, n. (Zool.)
A vertebrate. [R.]
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Vertebrally
(gcide) | Vertebrally \Ver"te*bral*ly\, adv. (Anat.)
At or within a vertebra or vertebrae; -- distinguished from
interverterbrally.
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Vertebrarterial
(gcide) | Vertebrarterial \Ver`te*brar*te"ri*al\, a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to a vertebra or vertebrae and an artery; --
said of the foramina in the transverse processes of cervical
vertebrae and of the canal which they form for the vertebral
artery and vein.
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Vertebrata
(gcide) | Vertebrata \Ver`te*bra"ta\, n. pl. [NL.] (Zool.)
One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, comprising
all animals that have a backbone composed of bony or
cartilaginous vertebrae, together with Amphioxus in which the
backbone is represented by a simple undivided notochord. The
Vertebrata always have a dorsal, or neural, cavity above the
notochord or backbone, and a ventral, or visceral, cavity
below it. The subdivisions or classes of Vertebrata are
Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces, Marsipobranchia,
and Leptocardia.
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Vertebrate
(gcide) | Vertebrate \Ver"te*brate\, n. (Zool.)
One of the Vertebrata.
[1913 Webster] VertebrateVertebrate \Ver"te*brate\, Vertebrated \Ver"te*bra`ted\, a. [L.
vertebratus.]
1. (Anat.) Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing
the spinal marrow, as man, quadrupeds, birds, amphibia,
and fishes.
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2. (Bot.) Contracted at intervals, so as to resemble the
spine in animals. --Henslow.
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3. (Zool.) Having movable joints resembling vertebrae; --
said of the arms of ophiurans.
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4. (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the Vertebrata; -- used only
in the form vertebrate.
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Vertebrated
(gcide) | Vertebrate \Ver"te*brate\, Vertebrated \Ver"te*bra`ted\, a. [L.
vertebratus.]
1. (Anat.) Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing
the spinal marrow, as man, quadrupeds, birds, amphibia,
and fishes.
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2. (Bot.) Contracted at intervals, so as to resemble the
spine in animals. --Henslow.
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3. (Zool.) Having movable joints resembling vertebrae; --
said of the arms of ophiurans.
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4. (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the Vertebrata; -- used only
in the form vertebrate.
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accessory vertebral vein
(wn) | accessory vertebral vein
n 1: a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes
through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th
cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein
[syn: accessory vertebral vein, {vena vertebralis
accessoria}] |
anterior vertebral vein
(wn) | anterior vertebral vein
n 1: a vein that accompanies the ascending cervical artery and
opens into the vertebral vein [syn: {anterior vertebral
vein}, vena vertebralis anterior] |
aquatic vertebrate
(wn) | aquatic vertebrate
n 1: animal living wholly or chiefly in or on water |
arteria vertebralis
(wn) | arteria vertebralis
n 1: the first branch of the subclavian artery; divided into
four parts [syn: vertebral artery, arteria vertebralis] |
atlas vertebra
(wn) | atlas vertebra
n 1: the 1st cervical vertebra [syn: atlas, atlas vertebra] |
axis vertebra
(wn) | axis vertebra
n 1: the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning
the head [syn: axis, axis vertebra] |
basivertebral vein
(wn) | basivertebral vein
n 1: one of a number of veins draining the spongy substance of
the vertebrae and emptying into the anterior internal
vertebral venous plexus [syn: basivertebral vein, {vena
basivertebralis}] |
canalis vertebralis
(wn) | canalis vertebralis
n 1: the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal
cord passes [syn: spinal canal, vertebral canal,
canalis vertebralis] |
caudal vertebra
(wn) | caudal vertebra
n 1: one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx [syn: {coccygeal
vertebra}, caudal vertebra] |
cervical vertebra
(wn) | cervical vertebra
n 1: one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck
region [syn: cervical vertebra, neck bone] |
coccygeal vertebra
(wn) | coccygeal vertebra
n 1: one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx [syn: {coccygeal
vertebra}, caudal vertebra] |
dorsal vertebra
(wn) | dorsal vertebra
n 1: one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic
vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to
the first lumbar vertebra [syn: thoracic vertebra,
dorsal vertebra] |
intervertebral
(wn) | intervertebral
adj 1: pertaining to the space between two vertebrae |
intervertebral disc
(wn) | intervertebral disc
n 1: a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all
of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the
first two) [syn: intervertebral disc, {intervertebral
disk}] |
intervertebral disk
(wn) | intervertebral disk
n 1: a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all
of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the
first two) [syn: intervertebral disc, {intervertebral
disk}] |
intervertebral vein
(wn) | intervertebral vein
n 1: one of several veins accompanying spinal nerves [syn:
intervertebral vein, vena intervertebralis] |
invertebrate
(wn) | invertebrate
adj 1: lacking a backbone or spinal column; "worms are an
example of invertebrate animals" [syn: invertebrate,
spineless] [ant: vertebrate]
n 1: any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not
used as a scientific classification |
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