| slovo | definícia |
letters
(encz) | letters,dopisy n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
letters
(encz) | letters,písmena n: Zdeněk Brož |
letters
(wn) | letters
n 1: the literary culture; "this book shows American letters at
its best"
2: scholarly attainment; "he is a man of letters" |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
block letters
(encz) | block letters,hůlkové písmo Zdeněk Brožblock letters,tiskací písmena n: Zdeněk Brož |
in block letters
(encz) | in block letters,hůlkovým písmem |
in capital letters
(encz) | in capital letters,hůlkovým písmem |
letters of administration
(encz) | letters of administration, n: |
letters of marque
(encz) | letters of marque, n: |
letters patent
(encz) | letters patent,královský patent Zdeněk Brožletters patent,patentová listina Zdeněk Brož |
letters testamentary
(encz) | letters testamentary, n: |
letterset printing
(encz) | letterset printing, n: |
man of letters
(encz) | man of letters,učenec n: luke |
newsletters
(encz) | newsletters,letáky pl. Martin Dvořák |
roman letters
(encz) | roman letters, n: |
Bullantic letters
(gcide) | Bullantic \Bul*lan"tic\, a. [See Bull an edict.]
Pertaining to, or used in, papal bulls. --Fry.
[1913 Webster]
Bullantic letters, Gothic letters used in papal bulls.
[1913 Webster] |
Canonical letters
(gcide) | canonic \ca*non"ic\ (k[.a]*n[o^]n"[i^]k), canonical
\ca*non"ic*al\ (k[.a]*n[o^]n"[i^]*kal), a. [L. canonicus, LL.
canonicalis, fr. L. canon: cf. F. canonique. See canon.]
Of or pertaining to a canon; established by, or according to,
a canon or canons. "The oath of canonical obedience."
--Hallam.
[1913 Webster]
2. Appearing in a Biblical canon; as, a canonical book of the
Christian New Testament.
[PJC]
3. Accepted as authoritative; recognized.
[PJC]
4. (Math.) In its standard form, usually also the simplest
form; -- of an equation or coordinate.
[PJC]
5. (Linguistics) Reduced to the simplest and most significant
form possible without loss of generality; as, a canonical
syllable pattern. Opposite of nonstandard.
Syn: standard. [WordNet 1.5]
6. Pertaining to or resembling a musical canon.
[PJC]
Canonical books, or Canonical Scriptures, those books
which are declared by the canons of the church to be of
divine inspiration; -- called collectively the canon.
The Roman Catholic Church holds as canonical several books
which Protestants reject as apocryphal.
Canonical epistles, an appellation given to the epistles
called also general or catholic. See Catholic epistles,
under Canholic.
Canonical form (Math.), the simples or most symmetrical
form to which all functions of the same class can be
reduced without lose of generality.
Canonical hours, certain stated times of the day, fixed by
ecclesiastical laws, and appropriated to the offices of
prayer and devotion; also, certain portions of the
Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day. In
England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 a. m.
to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a. m. to 12 m.) before and after
which marriage can not be legally performed in any parish
church.
Canonical letters, letters of several kinds, formerly given
by a bishop to traveling clergymen or laymen, to show that
they were entitled to receive the communion, and to
distinguish them from heretics.
Canonical life, the method or rule of living prescribed by
the ancient clergy who lived in community; a course of
living prescribed for the clergy, less rigid than the
monastic, and more restrained that the secular.
Canonical obedience, submission to the canons of a church,
especially the submission of the inferior clergy to their
bishops, and of other religious orders to their superiors.
Canonical punishments, such as the church may inflict, as
excommunication, degradation, penance, etc.
Canonical sins (Anc. Church.), those for which capital
punishment or public penance decreed by the canon was
inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy.
[1913 Webster] |
day letters
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters clause
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters close
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters dimissory
(gcide) | Dimissory \Dim"is*so*ry\ (?; 277), a. [L. dimissorius: cf. F.
dimissoire. See Dimit.]
Sending away; dismissing to another jurisdiction; granting
leave to depart.
[1913 Webster]
Letters dimissory (Eccl.), letters given by a bishop
dismissing a person who is removing into another diocese,
and recommending him for reception there. --Hook.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters missive
(gcide) | Missive \Mis"sive\, a. [See Missive, n.]
1. Specially sent; intended or prepared to be sent; as, a
letter missive. --Ayliffe.
[1913 Webster]
2. Missile. "The missive weapons fly." --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
Letters missive, letters conveying the permission, comand,
or advice of a superior authority, as a sovereign. They
are addressed and sent to some certain person or persons,
and are distinguished from letters patent, which are
addressed to the public.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters of administration
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters of horning
(gcide) | Horning \Horn"ing\, n.
Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a
crescent. --J. Gregory.
[1913 Webster]
Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or authority by
which a person, directed by the decree of a court of
justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply
therewith. --Mozley & W.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters of marque
(gcide) | Marque \Marque\, n. [F. marque, in lettre de marque letter of
marque, a commission with which the commandant of every armed
vessel was obliged to be provided, under penalty of being
considered a pirate or corsair; marque here prob. meaning,
border, boundary (the letter of marque being a permission to
go beyond the border), and of German origin. See March
border.] (Law)
A license to pass the limits of a jurisdiction, or boundary
of a country, for the purpose of making reprisals.
[1913 Webster]
Letters of marque, Letters of marque and reprisal, a
license or extraordinary commission granted by a
government to a private person to fit out a privateer or
armed ship to cruise at sea and make prize of the enemy's
ships and merchandise. The ship so commissioned is
sometimes called a letter of marque.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters of marque and reprisal
(gcide) | Marque \Marque\, n. [F. marque, in lettre de marque letter of
marque, a commission with which the commandant of every armed
vessel was obliged to be provided, under penalty of being
considered a pirate or corsair; marque here prob. meaning,
border, boundary (the letter of marque being a permission to
go beyond the border), and of German origin. See March
border.] (Law)
A license to pass the limits of a jurisdiction, or boundary
of a country, for the purpose of making reprisals.
[1913 Webster]
Letters of marque, Letters of marque and reprisal, a
license or extraordinary commission granted by a
government to a private person to fit out a privateer or
armed ship to cruise at sea and make prize of the enemy's
ships and merchandise. The ship so commissioned is
sometimes called a letter of marque.
[1913 Webster]Reprisal \Re*pris"al\ (r?-priz"al), n. [F. repr?saille, It.
ripresaglia, rappresaglia, LL. reprensaliae, fr. L.
reprehendere, reprehensum. See Reprehend, Reprise.]
1. The act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or
indemnity.
[1913 Webster]
Debatable ground, on which incursions and reprisals
continued to take place. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation.
[1913 Webster]
3. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering
or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for
an act of inhumanity. --Vattel (Trans.)
[1913 Webster]
4. Any act of retaliation. --Waterland.
[1913 Webster]
Letters of marque and reprisal. See under Marque.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters of orders
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters open
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters overt
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters patent
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters testamentary
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Letter-sheet envelope
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
man of letters
(gcide) | man of letters \man of letters\ n.
1. A writer, especially one who writes for a living.
[PJC]
2. A learned person; a scholar.
[PJC] |
night letters
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
[1913 Webster]
2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
[1913 Webster]
3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
[1913 Webster]
We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
[1913 Webster]
Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Paragogic letters
(gcide) | Paragogic \Par`a*gog"ic\, Paragogical \Par`a*gog"ic*al\, a. [Cf.
F. paragogique.]
Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the
end of, or serving to lengthen, a word.
[1913 Webster]
Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages, letters which
are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express
additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.
[1913 Webster] |
Republic of letters
(gcide) | Republic \Re*pub"lic\ (r?-p?b"l?k), n. [F. r['e]publique, L.
respublica commonwealth; res a thing, an affair + publicus,
publica, public. See Real, a., and Public.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Common weal. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
[1913 Webster]
2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole
body of the people, and is exercised by representatives
elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In some ancient states called republics the sovereign
power was exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a
privileged few, constituting a government now
distinctively called an aristocracy. In some there was
a division of authority between an aristocracy and the
whole body of the people except slaves. No existing
republic recognizes an exclusive privilege of any class
to govern, or tolerates the institution of slavery.
[1913 Webster]
Republic of letters, The collective body of literary or
learned men.
[1913 Webster] |
Small capital letters
(gcide) | Capital \Cap"i*tal\, a. [F. capital, L. capitalis capital (in
senses 1 & 2), fr. caput head. See Chief, and cf.
Capital, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to the head. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise
Expect with mortal pain. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
2. Having reference to, or involving, the forfeiture of the
head or life; affecting life; punishable with death; as,
capital trials; capital punishment.
[1913 Webster]
Many crimes that are capital among us. --Swift.
[1913 Webster]
To put to death a capital offender. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
3. First in importance; chief; principal.
[1913 Webster]
A capital article in religion --Atterbury.
[1913 Webster]
Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity.
--I. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the
general government of a state or nation; as, Washington
and Paris are capital cities.
[1913 Webster]
5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or
song. [Colloq.]
[1913 Webster]
Capital letter [F, lettre capitale] (Print.), a leading or
heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as
the first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the
most part, both by different form and larger size, from
the small (lower-case) letters, which form the greater
part of common print or writing.
Small capital letters have the form of capital letters and
height of the body of the lower-case letters.
Capital stock, money, property, or stock invested in any
business, or the enterprise of any corporation or
institution. --Abbott.
Syn: Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.
[1913 Webster] |
Tel-el-Amarna letters
(gcide) | Tel-el-Amarna \Tel`-el-A*mar"na\, n. [Ar., hill of Amarna.]
A station on the Nile in Egypt, midway between Thebes and
Memphis, forming the site of the ancient city of Akhetaton,
capital of Amenophis IV. (Akhenaton, or Amenhotep IV., of the
18th dynasty, king 1353-1336 B. C.), whose archive chamber
was discovered there during extensive excavations in
1887-1888. A collection of about 300 clay tablets (called the
Tel-el-Amarna tablets, or the Amarna tablets) was found
here, forming the diplomatic correspondence (
Tel-el-Amarna letters) of Amenophis IV. and his father,
Amenophis III., with the kings of Asiatic countries (such
as Babylonia, Assyria, and Palestine), written in
cuneiform characters. It is an important source of our
knowledge of Asia from about 1400 to 1370 b. c.. The name
of the site is also spelled Tell-el-Amarna, {Tell el
Amarna}, and Tel Amarna.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC] |
Threatening letters
(gcide) | Threatening \Threat"en*ing\,
a. & n. from Threaten, v. -- Threat"en*ing*ly, adv.
[1913 Webster]
Threatening letters (Law), letters containing threats,
especially those designed to extort money, or to obtain
other property, by menaces; blackmailing letters.
[1913 Webster] |
doctor of humane letters
(wn) | Doctor of Humane Letters
n 1: an honorary degree in letters |
letters of administration
(wn) | letters of administration
n 1: legal document naming someone to administer an estate when
no executor has been named |
letters of marque
(wn) | letters of marque
n 1: a license to a private citizen to seize property of another
nation [syn: letter of marque, letters of marque,
letter of mark and reprisal] |
letters patent
(wn) | letters patent
n 1: an official document granting a right or privilege [syn:
patent, letters patent] |
letters testamentary
(wn) | letters testamentary
n 1: a legal document from a probate court or court officer
informing you of your appointment as executor of a will and
empowering you to discharge those responsibilities |
letterset printing
(wn) | letterset printing
n 1: image is transferred from a relief type plate to a roller |
man of letters
(wn) | man of letters
n 1: a man devoted to literary or scholarly activities |
roman letters
(wn) | roman letters
n 1: a typeface used in ancient Roman inscriptions [syn:
roman, roman type, roman letters, roman print] |
CRIMINAL LETTERS
(bouvier) | CRIMINAL LETTERS. An instrument in Scotland, which contains the charges
against a person accused of a crime. Criminal letters differ from an
indictment, in that the former are not, like an indictment, the mere
statement of the prosecutor, but sanctioned by a judge. Burt. Man. Pub. L.
301, 302.
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DEAD LETTERS
(bouvier) | DEAD LETTERS. Those which remain in the post-office, uncalled for. By the
Act of March 8, 1825, 3 Story. L. U. S. 1993, it is enacted, by Sec. 26,
"That the postmasters shall, respectively, publish, at the expiration of
every three months, or oftener, when the postmaster general shall so direct,
in one of the newspapers published at, or nearest, the place of his
residence, for three successive weeks, a list of all the letters remaining
in their respective offices; or instead thereof, shall make out a number of
such lists, and cause them to be posted at such public places, in their
vicinity, as shall appear to them best adapted for the information of the
parties concerned; and, at the expiration of the next three months, shall
send such of the said letters as then remain on hand, as dead letters, to
the general post office where the same shall be opened and inspected; and if
any valuable papers, or matters of consequence, shall be found therein, it
shall be the duty of the postmaster general to return such letter to the
writer thereof, or cause a descriptive list thereof to be inserted in one of
the newspapers published at the place most convenient to the supposed
residence of the owner, if within the United States; and such letter, and
the contents, shall be preserved, to be delivered to the person to whom the
same shall be addressed, upon payment of the postage, and the expense of
publication. And if such letter contain money, the postmaster general may
appropriate it to the use of the department, keeping an account thereof, and
the amount shall be paid by the department to the claimant as soon as he
shall be found."
3. And by the Act of July 2, 1836, 4 Sharsaw. Cont. of Story, L. U. S.
2474, it is enacted by Sec. 35 that advertisements of letters remaining in
the post-offices, may, under the direction of the postmaster general, be
made in more than one newspaper: provided, that the whole cost of
advertising shall not exceed four cents for each letter.
|
LETTERS AD COLLIGENDUM BONA DE FUNCTI
(bouvier) | LETTERS AD COLLIGENDUM BONA DE FUNCTI, practice. In default of the
representatives and creditors to administer to the estate of an intestate,
the officer entitled to grant letters of administration, may grant to such
person as he approves, letters to collect the goods of the deceased, which
neither make him executor nor administrator; his only business being to
collect the goods and keep them in his safe custody. 2 Bl. Com. 505.
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LETTERS CLOSE
(bouvier) | LETTERS CLOSE, Engl. law. Close letters are grants, of the king, and being
of private concern, they are thus distinguished from letters patent.
|
LETTERS OF REQUEST
(bouvier) | LETTERS OF REQUEST, Eng. eccl. law, An instrument by which a judge of an
inferior court waives or remits his own jurisdiction in favor of a court of
appeal immediately superior to it.
2. Letters of request, in general, lie only where an appeal would lie,
and lie only to the next immediate court of appeal, waiving merely the
primary jurisdiction to the proper appellate court, except letters of
request from the most inferior ecclesiastical court, which may be direct to
the court of arches, although one or two courts of appeal may, by this, be
ousted of their jurisdiction as courts of appeal. 2 Addams, R. 406. The
effect of letters of request is to give jurisdiction to the appellate court
in the first instance. Id. See a form of letters of request in 2 Chit. Pr.
498, note.
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LETTERS PATEN
(bouvier) | LETTERS PATENT. The name of an instrument granted by the government to
convey a right to the patentee; as, a patent for a tract of land; or to
secure to him a right which he already possesses, as a patent for a new
invention or discovery; Letters patent are a matter of record. They are so
called because they are not sealed up, but are granted open. Vide Patent.
|
LETTERS ROGATOR
(bouvier) | LETTERS ROGATORY. A letter rogatory is an instrument sent in the name and by
the authority of a judge or court to another, requesting the latter to cause
to be examined, upon interrogatories filed in a cause depending before the
former, a witness who is within the jurisdiction of the judge or court to
whom such letters are addressed. In letters rogatory there is always an
offer on the part of the court whence they issued, to render a similar
service to the court to which they may be directed whenever required. Pet.
C. C. Rep. 236.
2. Though formerly used in England in the courts of common law, 1 Roll.
Ab. 530, pl. 13, they have been superseded by commissions of Dedimus
potestatem, which are considered to be but a feeble substitute. Dunl. Pr.
223, n.; Hall's Ad. Pr. 37. The courts of admiralty use these letters, which
are derived from the civil law, and are recognized by the law of nations.
See Foelix, Dr. Intern. liv. 2, t. 4, p. 800; Denisart, h.t.
|
LETTERS TESTAMENTARY
(bouvier) | LETTERS TESTAMENTARY, AND OF ADMINISTRATION. It is proposed to consider, 1.
Their different kinds. 2. Their effect.
2.-1. Their different kinds. 1. Letters testamentary. This is an
instrument in writing, granted by the judge or officer having jurisdiction
of the probate of wills, under his hand and official seal, making known that
on the day of the date of the said letters, the last will of the testator,
(naming him,) was duly proved before him; that the testator left goods, &c.,
by reason, whereof, and the probate of the said will, he certifies "that
administration of all and singular, the goods, chattels, rights and credits
of the said deceased, any way concerning his last will and testament, was
committed to the executor, (naming him,) in the said testament named." 2.
Letters of administration may be described to be an instrument in writing,
granted by the judge or officer having jurisdiction and power of granting
such letters, thereby giving the administrator, (naming him,)," full power
to administer the goods, chattels, rights and credits, which were of the
said deceased, in the county or, district in which the said judge or officer
has jurisdiction; as also to ask, collect, levy, recover and receive the
credits whatsoever, of the said deceased, which at the time of his death
were owing, or did in any way belong to him, and to pay the debts in which
the said deceased stood obliged, so far forth as the said goods and
chattels, rights and credits will extend, according, to the rate and order
of law." 3. Letters of administration pendente lite, are letters granted
during the pendency of a suit in relation to a paper purporting to be the
last will and testament of the deceased. 4. Letters of administration de
bonis non, are granted, where the former executor or administrator did not
administer all the personal estate of the deceased, and where he is dead or
has been discharged or dismissed. Letters of administration, durante minori
aetate, are granted where the testator, by his will, appoints an infant
executor, who is incapable of acting on account of his infancy. Such letters
remain in force until the infant arrives at an age to take upon himself the
execution of the will. Com. Dig. Administration, F; Off. Ex. 215, 216. And
see 6 Rep. 67, b; 5 Rep. 29, a; 11 Vin. Abr. 103; Bac. Ab. h.t. 6. Letters
of administration durante absentia, are granted when the executor happens to
be absent at the time when the testator died, and it is necessary that some
person should act immediately in the management of the affairs of the
estate.
3.-2. Of their effect. 1. Generally. 2. Of their effect in the
different states, when granted out of the state in which legal proceedings
are instituted.
4.-1. Letters testamentary are conclusive as to personal property,
while they remain unrevoked; as to realty they are merely prima facie
evidence of right. 3 Binn. 498; Gilb. Ev. 66;. 6 Binn. 409; Bac. Abr.
Evidence, F. See 2 Binn. 511. Proof that the testator was insane, or that
the will was forged, is inadmissible. 16 Mass. 433; 1 Lev. 236. But if the
nature of his plea allow the defendant to enter into such proof, he may show
that the seal of the supposed probate has been forged, or that the letters
have been obtained by surprise; 1 Lev. 136; or been revoked; 15 Serg. &
Rawle, 42; or that the testator is alive. 15 Serg. & Rawle, 42; 3 T. R. 130.
5.-2. The effect of letters testamentary, and of administration
granted, in some one of the United States, is different in different states.
A brief view of the law on this subject will here be given, taking the
states in alphabetical order.
6. Alabama. Administrators may sue upon letters of administration
granted in another state, where the intestate had no known place of
residence in Alabama at the time of his death, and no representative has
been appointed in the state; but before rendition of the judgment, he must
produce to the court his letters of administration, authenticated according
to the laws of the United States, and the certificate of the clerk of some
county court in this state, that the letters have been recorded in his
office. Before he is entitled to the money on the judgment, he must also
give bond, payable to the judge of the court where the judgment is rendered,
for the faithful administration of the money received. Aiken's Dig. 183
Toulm. Dig. 342.
7. Arkansas. When the deceased had no residence in Arkansas, and he
devised lands by will, or where the intestate died possessed of lands,
letters testamentary or of administration shall be granted in the county
where the lands lie, or of one of them, if they lie in several counties; and
if the deceased had no such place of residence and no lands, such letters
may be granted in the county in which the testator or intestate died, or
where the greater part of his estate may be. Rev. Stat. c. s. 2.
8. Connecticut. Letters testamentary issued in another state, are not
available in this. 3 Day 303. Nor are letters of administration. 3 Day, 74;
and see 2 Root, 462.
9. Delaware. By the act of 1721, 1 State Laws, 82, it is declared in
substance, that when any person shall die, leaving bona notabilia, in
several counties in the state and in Pennsylvania or elsewhere; and, any
person not residing in the state, obtains letters of administration out of
the state, the deceased being indebted to any of the inhabitants of the
state, for a debt contracted within the same to the value of 20, then, and
in such case, such administrator, before he can obtain any judgment in any
court of record within the state against any inhabitant thereof, by virtue
of such letters of administration, is obliged to file them with some of the
registers in this state; and must enter into bonds with sufficient sureties,
who have visible estates here, with condition to pay and satisfy all such
debts as were owing by the intestate at the time of his death to any person
residing in this state, so far as the effects of the deceased in this state
will extend. By the act of June 16, 1769, 1 State Laws, 448, it is enacted
in substance that any will in writing made by a person residing out of the
state, whereby any lands within the state are devised, which shall be proved
in the chancery in England, Scotland, Ireland, or any colony, plantation, or
island in America, belonging to the king of Great Britain, or in the
hustings, or mayor's court, in London, or in some manor court, or before
such persons as have power or authority at the time of proving such wills,
in the places aforesaid, to take probates of wills, shall be good and
available in law for granting the lands devised, as well as of the goods and
chattels bequeathed by such will. The copies of such will, and of the bill,
answer, depositions and decree, where proved in any court of chancery, or
copies of such wills and the probate thereof, where proved in any other
court, or in any office as aforesaid, being transmitted to this state, and
produced under the public or common-seal of the court or office where the
probate is taken, or under the great seal of the kingdom, colony, plantation
or island, within which such will is proved (except copies of such wills and
probates as shall appear to be revoked), are declared to be matter of
record, and to be good evidence in an any court of law or equity in this
state, to prove the gift or devise made in such will; and such probates are
declared to be sufficient to enable executors to bring their actions within
any court within this state, as if the same probates or letters testamentary
were granted here, and produced under the seal of any of the registers
offices within this state. By the 3d section of the act, it is declared that
the copies of such wills and probates so produced, and given in evidence,
shall not be returned by the court to the persons producing them, but shall
be recorded in the office of the recorder of the county where the same are
given in evidence, at the expense of the party producing the same.
10. Florida. Copies of all wills, and letters testamentary and of
administration, heretofore recorded in any public office of record in the
state, when duly certified by the keeper of said records, shall be received
in evidence in all courts of record in this state and the probate of wills
granted in any of the United States or of the territories thereof, in any
foreign country or state, duly authenticated and certified according to the
laws of the state or territory, or of the foreign country or state, where
such probate may have been granted, shall likewise be received in evidence
in all courts of record in this state.
11. Georgia. To enable executors and administrators to sue in Georgia,
the former must take out letters testamentary in the county where the
property or debt is; and administrators, letters of administration. Prince's
Dig. 238; Act of 1805, 2 Laws of Geo. 268.
12. Illinois. Letters testamentary must be taken out in this state, and
when the will is to be proved, the original must be produced; administrators
of other states must take out letters in Illinois, before they can maintain
an action in the courts of the state. 3 Grif. Reg. 419.
13. Indiana. Executors and administrators appointed in another state may
maintain actions and suits and do all other acts coming within their powers,
as such, within this state, upon producing authenticated copies of such
letters and filing them with the clerk of the court in which such suits are
to be brought. Rev. Code, c. 24, Feb. 17, 1838, sec. 44.
14. Kentucky executors and administrators appointed in other states may
sue in Kentucky "upon filing with the clerk of the court where the suit is
brought, an authenticated copy of the certificate of probate, or orders
granting letters of administration of said estate, given in such non-
resident's state." 1 Dig. Stat. 536; 2 Litt. 194; 3 Litt. 182.
15. Louisiana. Executors or administrators of other states must take out
letters of curatorship in this state. Exemplifications of wills, and
testaments are evidence. 4 Griff. L. R. 683; 8 N. S. 586.
16. Maine. Letters of administration must be taken from some court of
probate in this state. Copies of wills which have been proved in a court of
probate in any of the United States, or in a court of probate of any other
state or kingdom, with a copy of the probate thereof, under the seal of the
court where such wills have been proved, may be filed and recorded in any
probate court in this state, which recording shall be of the same force as
the recording and proving the original will. Rev. Stat. T. 9, c. 107 Sec.
20; 3 Mass, 514; 9 Mass. 337; 11 Mass. 256; 1 Pick. 80; 3 Pick. 128.
17. Maryland. Letters testamentary or of administration granted out of
Maryland have no effect in this state, except only such letters issued in
the District of Columbia, and letters granted there authorize executors or
administrators to claim and sue in this state. Act of April 1813, chap. 165.
By the act of 1839, chap. 41, when non-resident owners of any public or
state of Maryland stocks, or stocks of the city of Baltimore, or any other
corporation in this state die, their executors or administrators constituted
under the authority of the state, district, territory or country, where the
deceased resided at his death, have the same power as to such stocks, as if
they were appointed by authority of the state of Maryland. But, before they
can transfer the stocks, they must, during three months, give notice to two
newspapers published in Baltimore, of the death of the testator or
intestate, and of the "amount and description of the stock designed to be
transferred." Administration must be granted in this state, in order to
recover a debt due here to a decedent, or any of his property, with the
exceptions above noticed.
18. Massachusetts. When any person shall die intestate in any other
state or country, leaving estate to be administered within this state,
administration thereof shall be granted by the judge of probate of any
county, in which there is any estate to be administered; and the
administration, which shall be first lawfully granted shall extend to all
the estate of the deceased within the state, and shall exclude the
jurisdiction of the probate court in every other county. Rev. Stat., ch. 64,
s. 3. See 3 Mass. 514; 5 Mass. 67; 11 Mass. 256 Id. 314; 1 Pick. 81.
19. Michigan. Letters testamentary or letters of administration granted
out of the state are not of any validity in it. In order to collect the
debts or to obtain the property a deceased person who was not a resident of
the state, it is requisite to take out letters testamentary or letters of
administration from a probate court of this stafe, within whose jurisdiction
the property lies, which letters operate over all the state, and then sue in
the name of the executor or administrator so appointed. Rev. Stat. 280. When
the deceased leaves a will executed according to the laws of this state, and
the same is admitted to proof and record where he dies, a certified
transcript of the will and probate thereof, may be proved and recorded in
any county in this state, where the deceased has property real or personal,
and letters testamentary may issue thereon. Rev. Stat. 272, 273.
2O. Mississippi. Executors or administrators in another state or
territory cannot as such, sue nor be sued in this state. In order to recover
a debt due to a deceased person or his property, there must be taken out in
the state, letters of administration or letters with the will annexed, as
the case may be. These may be taken out from the probate court of the
county where the proprty is situated, by a foreign as well as a local
creditor, or any person interested in the estate of the deceased, if
properly qualified in other respects. Walker's R. 211.
21. Missouri. Letters testamentary or of administration granted in
another state have no validity in this; to maintain a suit, the executors or
administrators must be appointed under the laws of this state. Rev. Code,
Sec. 2, pt 41.
22. New Hampshire. One who has obtained letters of administrition;
Adams' Rep. 193, or letters testamentary under the authority of another
state, cannot maintain an action in New Hampshire by virtue of such letters.
3 Griff. L. R. 41.
23. New Jersey. Executors having letter testamentary, and administrators
letters of administration granted in another state, cannot sue thereon in
New Jersey, but must obtain such letters in that state as the law
prescribes. 4 Griff. L R. 1240. By the act of March 6, 1828, Harr. Comp.
195, when a will has been admitted to probate in any state or territory of
the United States, or foreign nation, the surrogate of any county or this
state is authorized, on application of the executor or any person interested,
on filing a duly exemplified copy of the will, to appoint a time not less
than thirty days, and not more than six-months distant, of which notice is
to be given as he shall direct, and if at such time, no sufficient reason be
shown to the contrary, to a omit such will to probate, and grant letters
testamentary or of administration cum testamento annexo, which shall have
the same effect as though the original will had been produced and proved
under form. If the person to whom such letters testamentary or of
administration be granted, is not a resident of this state, he is required
to give security for the faithful administration of the estate. By the
statute passed February 28, 1838, Elmer's Dig. 602, no instrument of writing
can be admitted to probate under the preceding act unless it be signed and
published by the testator as his will. See Saxton's Ch. R. 332.
24. New York. An executor or administrator appointed in another state
has no authority to sue in New York. 6 John. Ch. Rep. 353; 7 John. Ch. Rep.
45; 1 Johns. Ch. Rep. 153. Whenever an intestate, not being an inhabitant of
this state, shall die out of the state, leaving assets in several counties,
or assets shall after his death come in several counties, the surrogate of
any county in which assets shall be, shall have power to grant letters of
administration on the estate of such intestate; but the surrogate, who shall
first grant letters of administration on such estate, shall be deemed
thereby to have acquired sole and exclusive jurisdiction over such estate,
and shall be vested with the powers incidental thereto. Rev. Stat. part 2,
c. 6. tit. 2, art. 2, s. 24; 1 R. L. 455 Sec. 3; Laws, of 1823, p. 62, s. 2,
1824, p. 332.
25. North Carolina. It was decided by the court of conference, then the
highest tribunal in North Carolina, that letters granted in Georgia were
insufficient. Conf. Rep. 68. But the supreme court have since held that
letters testamentary granted in South Carolina, were sufficient to enable an
executor to sue in North Carolina. 1 Car. Law Repos. 471. See 1 Heyw. 364.
26. By the revised statutes, ch. 46, s. 6, it is provided, that "where a
testator or testatrix shall appoint any person, residing out of this state,
executor or executrix of his or her last will and testament, it shall be the
duty of the court of pleas and quarter sessions, before which the said will
shall be offered for probate, to cause the executor or executrix named
therein, to enter into bond with good and sufficient security for his or her
faithful administration of the estate of the said testator or testatrix and
for the distribution thereof in the manner prescribed by law; the penalty of
said bond shall be double the supposed amount of the personal estate of the
said testator or testatrix; and until the said executor or executrix shall
enter into such bond, he or she shall have no power nor authority to
intermeddle with the estate of the said testator or testatrix; and the court
of the county in which the testator or testatrix had his or her last usual
place of residence, shall proceed to, grant letters of administration with
the will annexed, which shall continue in force until the said executor or
executrix shall enter into bond as aforesaid. Provided nevertheless, and it
is hereby declared, that the said executor or executrix shall enter into
bond as by this act directed within the space of one year after the death of
the said testator, or testatrix, and not afterwards."
27. Ohio. Executors and administrators appointed under the authority of
another state, may, by virtue of such appointment, sue in this. Ohio Stat.
vol. 38, p. 146; Act. of March 23, 1840, which, went into effect the first
day of November following; Swan's Coll. 184.
28. Pennsylvania. Letters testamentary or of administration, or
otherwise purporting to authorize any person to intermeddle with the estate
of a decedent, granted out of the commonwealth, do not in general confer on
any such person any of the powers, and authorities possessed by an executor
or administrator, under letters granted within the state. Act of March 15,
1832 s. 6. But by the act of April 14, 1835, s. 3, this rule is declared not
to apply to any public debt or loan of this commonwealth; but such public
debt or loan shall pass and be transferable, and the dividends thereon
accrued and to accrue, be receivable in like manner and in all respects and
under the same and no other regulations, powers and authorities as were used
and practiced before the passage of the above mentioned act. And the act of
June 16, 1836, s. 3, declares that the above act of March 15, 1832, s. 6,
shall not apply to shares of stock in any bank or other incorporated
company, within this commonwealth, but such shares of stock shall pass and
be transferable, and the dividends thereon accrued and to accrue, be
receivable in like manner in all respects, and under the same regulations,
powers and authorities as were used and practiced with the loans or public
debts of the United States and were used and practiced with the loans or
public debt of this commonwealth, before the passage of the, said act of
March 15, 1832, s. 6, unless the by-laws, rules and regulations of any such
bank or corporation, shall, otherwise provide and declare. Executors and
administrators who had been lawfully appointed in some other of the United
States, might, by virtue of their letters duly authenticated by the proper
officer, have sued in this state. 4 Dall. 492; S. C. 1 Binn. 63. But letters
of administration granted by the archbishop of York, in England, give no
authority to the administrator in Pennsylvania. 1 Dall. 456.
29. Rhode Island. It does not appear to be settled whether executors and
administrators appointed in another state, may, by virtue of such
appointment, sue in this. 3 Griff. L. R. 107, 8.
30. South Carolina. Executors and administrators of other states,
cannot, as such, sue in South Carolina; they must take out letters in the
state. 3 Griff. L. R. 848.
31. Tennessee. 1. Where any person or persons may obtain, administration
on the estate of any intestate, in any one of the United States, or
territory thereof, such person or persons shall be enabled to prosecute
suits in any court in this state, in the same manner as if administration
had been granted to such person or persons by any court in the state of
Tennessee. Provided, that such person or persons shall, produce a copy of
the letters of administration, authenticated in the manner which has been
prescribed by the congress of the United States, for authenticating the
records or judicial acts of any one state, in order to give them validity in
any other state and that such letters of administration had been granted in
pursuance of, and agreeable to the laws of the state or territory in which
such letters of administration were granted.
32.-2. When any executor or executors may prove the last will and
testament of any deceased person, and take on him or themselves the
execution of said will in any state in the United States, or in any
territory thereof, such person or persons shall be enabled to prosecute
suits in any court in this state, in the same manner as if letters
testamentary had been granted to him or them, by any court within the state
of Tennessee. Provided, That such executor or executors shall, produce a
certified copy of the letters testamentary under the hand and seal of the
clerk of the court where the same were obtained, and a certificate by the
chief justice, presiding judge, or chairman of such court, that the clerk's
certificate is in due form, and that such letters testamentary had been
granted in pursuance of, and agreeable to, the laws of the state or
territory in which such letters testamentary were granted. Act of 1839,
Carr. & Nich. Comp. 78.
33. Vermont. If the deceased person shall, at the time of his death,
reside in any other state or country, leaving estate to be administered in
this state, administration thereof shall be granted by the probate court of
the district in which there shall be estate to administer; and the
administration first legally granted, shall extend to all the estate of the
deceased in this state, and shall exclude the jurisdiction of the probate
court of every other district. Rev. Stat. tit. 12, c. 47, s. 2.
34. Virginia. Authenticated copies of wills, proved according to the
laws of any of the United States, or of any foreign country, relative to any
estate in Virginia, may be offered for probate in the general court, or if
the estate lie altogether in any other county or corporation, in the
circuit, county or corporation court of such county or corporation. 3 Griff.
L. R. 345. It is understood to be the settled law of Virginia, though there
is no statutory provision on the subject, that no probate of a will or grant
of administration in another state of the Union, or in a foreign country,
and no qualification of an executor or administrator, elsewhere than in
Virginia, give any such executor or administrator any right to demand the
effects or debts of the decedent, which may happen to be within the
jurisdiction of the state. There must be a regular probate or grant of
administration and qualification of the executor or administrator in
Virginia, according to her laws. And the doctrine prevails in the federal
courts held in Virginia, as well as in the state courts. 3 Grif. Reg. 348.
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