| slovo | definícia |
lock-in
(foldoc) | lock-in
When an existing standard becomes almost impossible
to supersede because of the cost or logistical difficulties
involved in convincing all its users to switch something
different and, typically, incompatible.
The common implication is that the existing standard is
notably inferior to other comparable standards developed
before or since.
Things which have been accused of benefiting from lock-in in
the absence of being truly worthwhile include: the QWERTY
keyboard; any well-known operating system or programming
language you don't like (e.g., see "Unix conspiracy"); every
product ever made by Microsoft Corporation; and most
currently deployed formats for transmitting or storing data of
any kind (especially the Internet Protocol, 7-bit (or even
8-bit) character sets, analog video or audio broadcast
formats and nearly any file format).
Because of network effects outside of just computer
networks, Real World examples of lock-in include the current
spelling conventions for writing English (or French, Japanese,
Hebrew, Arabic, etc.); the design of American money; the
imperial (feet, inches, ounces, etc.) system of measurement;
and the various and anachronistic aspects of the internal
organisation of any government (e.g., the American Electoral
College).
(1998-01-15)
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
absolute blocking
(gcide) | Block system \Block system\ (Railroads)
A system by which the track is divided into short sections,
as of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the
guidance of electric, or combined electric and pneumatic,
signals that no train enters a section or block until the
preceding train has left it, as in
absolute blocking, or that a train may be allowed to follow
another into a block as long as it proceeds with excessive
caution, as in
permissive blocking.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
blind blocking
(gcide) | Blind \Blind\, a. [AS.; akin to D., G., OS., Sw., & Dan. blind,
Icel. blindr, Goth. blinds; of uncertain origin.]
1. Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect
or by deprivation; without sight.
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He that is strucken blind can not forget
The precious treasure of his eyesight lost. --Shak.
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2. Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute of
intellectual light; unable or unwilling to understand or
judge; as, authors are blind to their own defects.
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But hard be hardened, blind be blinded more,
That they may stumble on, and deeper fall. --Milton.
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3. Undiscerning; undiscriminating; inconsiderate.
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This plan is recommended neither to blind
approbation nor to blind reprobation. --Jay.
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4. Having such a state or condition as a thing would have to
a person who is blind; not well marked or easily
discernible; hidden; unseen; concealed; as, a blind path;
a blind ditch.
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5. Involved; intricate; not easily followed or traced.
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The blind mazes of this tangled wood. --Milton.
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6. Having no openings for light or passage; as, a blind wall;
open only at one end; as, a blind alley; a blind gut.
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7. Unintelligible, or not easily intelligible; as, a blind
passage in a book; illegible; as, blind writing.
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8. (Hort.) Abortive; failing to produce flowers or fruit; as,
blind buds; blind flowers.
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Blind alley, an alley closed at one end; a cul-de-sac.
Blind axle, an axle which turns but does not communicate
motion. --Knight.
Blind beetle, one of the insects apt to fly against people,
esp. at night.
Blind cat (Zool.), a species of catfish ({Gronias
nigrolabris}), nearly destitute of eyes, living in caverns
in Pennsylvania.
Blind coal, coal that burns without flame; anthracite coal.
--Simmonds.
Blind door, Blind window, an imitation of a door or
window, without an opening for passage or light. See
Blank door or Blank window, under Blank, a.
Blind level (Mining), a level or drainage gallery which has
a vertical shaft at each end, and acts as an inverted
siphon. --Knight.
Blind nettle (Bot.), dead nettle. See Dead nettle, under
Dead.
Blind shell (Gunnery), a shell containing no charge, or one
that does not explode.
Blind side, the side which is most easily assailed; a weak
or unguarded side; the side on which one is least able or
disposed to see danger. --Swift.
Blind snake (Zool.), a small, harmless, burrowing snake, of
the family Typhlopid[ae], with rudimentary eyes.
Blind spot (Anat.), the point in the retina of the eye
where the optic nerve enters, and which is insensible to
light.
Blind tooling, in bookbinding and leather work, the
indented impression of heated tools, without gilding; --
called also blank tooling, and blind blocking.
Blind wall, a wall without an opening; a blank wall.
[1913 Webster] |
Blocking
(gcide) | Block \Block\ (bl[o^]k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blocked
(bl[o^]kt); p. pr. & vb. n. Blocking.] [Cf. F. bloquer, fr.
bloc block. See Block, n.]
1. To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to
prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the
way; -- used both of persons and things; -- often followed
by up; as, to block up a road or harbor; to block an
entrance.
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With moles . . . would block the port. --Rowe.
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A city . . . besieged and blocked about. --Milton.
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2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two
boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood
glued to each.
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3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to block a hat.
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4. to cause (any activity) to halt by creating an
obstruction; as, to block a nerve impulse; to block a
biochemical reaction with a drug.
[PJC]
To block out, to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out
roughly; to lay out; to outline; as, to block out a plan.
[1913 Webster]Blocking \Block"ing\, n.
1. The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping
with a block or blocks.
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2. Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily.
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Blocking course
(gcide) | Blocking course \Block"ing course`\ (Arch.)
The finishing course of a wall showing above a cornice.
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clocking
(gcide) | clocking \clocking\ n.
the time taken to traverse a measured course; as, it was a
world record clocking.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Flocking
(gcide) | Flock \Flock\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flocking.]
To gather in companies or crowds.
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Friends daily flock. --Dryden.
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Flocking fowl (Zool.), the greater scaup duck.
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Flocking fowl
(gcide) | Flock \Flock\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flocking.]
To gather in companies or crowds.
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Friends daily flock. --Dryden.
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Flocking fowl (Zool.), the greater scaup duck.
[1913 Webster]Scaup \Scaup\ (sk[add]p), n. [See Scalp a bed of oysters or
mussels.]
1. A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp. [Scot.]
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2. (Zool.) A scaup duck. See below.
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Scaup duck (Zool.), any one of several species of northern
ducks of the genus Aythya, or Fuligula. The adult
males are, in large part, black. The three North American
species are: the greater scaup duck (Aythya marila, var.
nearctica), called also broadbill, bluebill,
blackhead, flock duck, flocking fowl, and {raft
duck}; the lesser scaup duck (Aythya affinis), called
also little bluebill, river broadbill, and shuffler;
the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup duck ({Aythya
collaris}), called also black jack, ringneck,
ringbill, ringbill shuffler, etc. See Illust. of
Ring-necked duck, under Ring-necked. The common
European scaup, or mussel, duck (Aythya marila), closely
resembles the American variety.
[1913 Webster] |
flocking fowl
(gcide) | Flock \Flock\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Flocking.]
To gather in companies or crowds.
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Friends daily flock. --Dryden.
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Flocking fowl (Zool.), the greater scaup duck.
[1913 Webster]Scaup \Scaup\ (sk[add]p), n. [See Scalp a bed of oysters or
mussels.]
1. A bed or stratum of shellfish; scalp. [Scot.]
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2. (Zool.) A scaup duck. See below.
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Scaup duck (Zool.), any one of several species of northern
ducks of the genus Aythya, or Fuligula. The adult
males are, in large part, black. The three North American
species are: the greater scaup duck (Aythya marila, var.
nearctica), called also broadbill, bluebill,
blackhead, flock duck, flocking fowl, and {raft
duck}; the lesser scaup duck (Aythya affinis), called
also little bluebill, river broadbill, and shuffler;
the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup duck ({Aythya
collaris}), called also black jack, ringneck,
ringbill, ringbill shuffler, etc. See Illust. of
Ring-necked duck, under Ring-necked. The common
European scaup, or mussel, duck (Aythya marila), closely
resembles the American variety.
[1913 Webster] |
Gold blocking
(gcide) | Gold \Gold\ (g[=o]ld), n. [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G.
gold, Icel. gull, Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gul[thorn], Russ. &
OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E. yellow. [root]49, 234. See
Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) A metallic element of atomic number 79,
constituting the most precious metal used as a common
commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic
yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known
(specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and
ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat (melting point
1064.4[deg] C), moisture, and most corrosive agents, and
therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry.
Symbol Au (Aurum). Atomic weight 196.97.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of
silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver
increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific
gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in
the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity.
It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in
slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial
soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks.
It also occurs associated with other metallic
substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined
with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite,
sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use,
and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the
latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See
Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the
pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which
is used as a toning agent in photography.
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2. Money; riches; wealth.
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For me, the gold of France did not seduce. --Shak.
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3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower
tipped with gold.
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4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of
gold. --Shak.
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Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden.
Dutch gold, Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See under
Dutch, Dust, etc.
Gold amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California,
composed of gold and mercury.
Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold
leaf.
Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the
large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves
of metal during the process of gold-beating.
Gold beetle (Zool.), any small gold-colored beetle of the
family Chrysomelid[ae]; -- called also golden beetle.
Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book
cover, by means of an engraved block. --Knight.
Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth.
Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa.
Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7.
Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found
by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated
by washing.
Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry.
Gold-end man.
(a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry.
(b) A goldsmith's apprentice.
(c) An itinerant jeweler. "I know him not: he looks like a
gold-end man." --B. Jonson.
Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting.
Gold field, a region in which are deposits of gold.
Gold finder.
(a) One who finds gold.
(b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] --Swift.
Gold flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent
yellow radiating involucral scales, the {Helichrysum
St[oe]chas} of Southern Europe. There are many South
African species of the same genus.
Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and
others. See Gold leaf.
Gold knobs or Gold knoppes (Bot.), buttercups.
Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread.
Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal.
Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and
used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil.
Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein.
Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining
operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is
extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above).
Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or
digging; -- called also a pepito.
Gold paint. See Gold shell.
Gold pheasant, or Golden pheasant. (Zool.) See under
Pheasant.
Gold plate, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups,
spoons, etc., made of gold.
Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.
[1913 Webster] |
interlocking
(gcide) | interlocking \in`ter*lock"ing\, a.
Connected together in such a manner that the parts work
together as a single unit, or in a coordianted manner.
[PJC] |
Locking
(gcide) | Lock \Lock\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Locked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Locking.]
1. To fasten with a lock, or as with a lock; to make fast; to
prevent free movement of; as, to lock a door, a carriage
wheel, a river, etc.
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2. To prevent ingress or access to, or exit from, by
fastening the lock or locks of; -- often with up; as, to
lock or lock up, a house, jail, room, trunk. etc.
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3. To fasten in or out, or to make secure by means of, or as
with, locks; to confine, or to shut in or out -- often
with up; as, to lock one's self in a room; to lock up the
prisoners; to lock up one's silver; to lock intruders out
of the house; to lock money into a vault; to lock a child
in one's arms; to lock a secret in one's breast.
[1913 Webster]
4. To link together; to clasp closely; as, to lock arms. "
Lock hand in hand." --Shak.
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5. (Canals) To furnish with locks; also, to raise or lower (a
boat) in a lock.
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6. (Fencing) To seize, as the sword arm of an antagonist, by
turning the left arm around it, to disarm him.
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Padlocking
(gcide) | Padlock \Pad"lock`\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked; p. pr. &
vb. n. Padlocking.]
To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to
confine as by a padlock. --Milton. Tennyson.
[1913 Webster] |
permissive blocking
(gcide) | Block system \Block system\ (Railroads)
A system by which the track is divided into short sections,
as of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the
guidance of electric, or combined electric and pneumatic,
signals that no train enters a section or block until the
preceding train has left it, as in
absolute blocking, or that a train may be allowed to follow
another into a block as long as it proceeds with excessive
caution, as in
permissive blocking.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
self-locking
(gcide) | Automatic \Au`to*mat"ic\, Automatical \Au`to*mat"ic*al\, a. [Cf.
F. automatique. See Automaton.]
1. Having an inherent power of action or motion.
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Nothing can be said to be automatic. --Sir H. Davy.
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2. Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of the nature
of an automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under
fixed conditions; operating with minimal human
intervention; -- esp. applied to machinery or devices in
which certain things formerly or usually done by hand are
done by the machine or device itself; as, the automatic
feed of a lathe; automatic gas lighting; an automatic
engine or switch; an automatic mouse; an automatic
transmission. The opposite of manual.
Note: Narrower terms are: {autoloading(prenominal),
semiautomatic ; {automated, machine-controlled,
machine-driven ; {self-acting, self-activating,
self-moving, self-regulating ; {self-locking ;
{self-winding . Also See: mechanical.
[1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
3. (Physiol.) Not voluntary; not depending on the will;
mechanical; controlled by the autonomic nervous system;
without conscious control; as, automatic movements or
functions. The opposite of voluntary.
Syn: reflex(prenominal), reflexive,involuntary
[1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
Unconscious or automatic reasoning. --H. Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
4. like the unthinking functioning of a machine. an automatic
`thank you'
Syn: automaton-like, automatonlike, machinelike,
machine-like, robotlike.
[WordNet 1.5]
Automatic arts, such economic arts or manufacture as are
carried on by self-acting machinery. --Ure.
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Slocking
(gcide) | Slocking \Slock"ing\,
a. & n. from Slock.
[1913 Webster]
Slocking stone, a rich piece of ore displayed in order to
tempt persons to embark in a mining enterprise.
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Slocking stone
(gcide) | Slocking \Slock"ing\,
a. & n. from Slock.
[1913 Webster]
Slocking stone, a rich piece of ore displayed in order to
tempt persons to embark in a mining enterprise.
[1913 Webster] |
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