| slovo | definícia |
multi-user
(encz) | multi-user,víceuživatelský adj: Zdeněk Brož |
multi-user
(foldoc) | multi-user
A term describing an operating system or
application program that can be used by several people
concurrently; opposite of single-user. Unix is an example
of a multi-user operating system, whereas most (but not all)
versions of Microsoft Windows are intended to support only
one user at a time.
A multi-user system, by definition, supports {concurrent
processing} of multiple tasks (once known as "time-sharing")
or true parallel processing if it has multiple CPUs.
While batch processing systems often ran jobs for serveral
users concurrently, the term "multi-user" typically implies
interactive access.
Before Ethernet networks were commonplace, multi-user
systems were accessed from a terminal (e.g. a vt100)
connected via a serial line (typically RS-232). This
arrangement was eventually superseded by networked {personal
computers}, perhaps sharing files on a file server. With
the wide-spread availability of Internet connections, the idea
of sharing centralised resources is becoming trendy again with
cloud computing and managed applications, though this time
it is the overhead of administering the system that is being
shared rather than the cost of the hardware.
In gaming, both on PCs and games consoles, the equivalent
term is multi-player, though the first multi-player games
(e.g. ADVENT) were on multi-user computers.
(2009-11-23)
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
multi-user dimension
(foldoc) | Multi-User Dimension
Multi-User Dungeon
(MUD) (Or Multi-User Domain, originally "Multi-User
Dungeon") A class of multi-player interactive game, accessible
via the Internet or a modem. A MUD is like a real-time
chat forum with structure; it has multiple "locations" like
an adventure game and may include combat, traps, puzzles,
magic and a simple economic system. A MUD where characters
can build more structure onto the database that represents the
existing world is sometimes known as a "MUSH". Most MUDs
allow you to log in as a guest to look around before you
create your own character.
Historically, MUDs (and their more recent progeny with names
of MU- form) derive from a hack by Richard Bartle and Roy
Trubshaw on the University of Essex's DEC-10 in 1979. It
was a game similar to the classic Colossal Cave adventure,
except that it allowed multiple people to play at the same
time and interact with each other. Descendants of that game
still exist today and are sometimes generically called
BartleMUDs. There is a widespread myth that the name MUD was
trademarked to the commercial MUD run by Bartle on {British
Telecom} (the motto: "You haven't *lived* 'til you've *died*
on MUD!"); however, this is false - Richard Bartle
explicitly placed "MUD" in the PD in 1985. BT was upset at
this, as they had already printed trademark claims on some
maps and posters, which were released and created the myth.
Students on the European academic networks quickly improved on
the MUD concept, spawning several new MUDs (VAXMUD,
AberMUD, LPMUD). Many of these had associated
bulletin-board systems for social interaction. Because
these had an image as "research" they often survived
administrative hostility to BBSs in general. This, together
with the fact that Usenet feeds have been spotty and
difficult to get in the UK, made the MUDs major foci of
hackish social interaction there.
AberMUD and other variants crossed the Atlantic around 1988
and quickly gained popularity in the US; they became nuclei
for large hacker communities with only loose ties to
traditional hackerdom (some observers see parallels with the
growth of Usenet in the early 1980s). The second wave of
MUDs (TinyMUD and variants) tended to emphasise social
interaction, puzzles, and cooperative world-building as
opposed to combat and competition. In 1991, over 50% of MUD
sites are of a third major variety, LPMUD, which synthesises
the combat/puzzle aspects of AberMUD and older systems with
the extensibility of TinyMud. The trend toward greater
programmability and flexibility will doubtless continue.
The state of the art in MUD design is still moving very
rapidly, with new simulation designs appearing (seemingly)
every month. There is now a move afoot to deprecate the term
MUD itself, as newer designs exhibit an exploding variety of
names corresponding to the different simulation styles being
explored.
{UMN MUD Gopher page
(gopher://spinaltap.micro.umn.edu/11/fun/Games/MUDs/Links)}.
{U Pennsylvania MUD Web page
(http://cis.upenn.edu/~lwl/mudinfo.html)}.
See also bonk/oif, FOD, link-dead, mudhead, MOO,
MUCK, MUG, MUSE, chat.
Usenet newsgroups: news:rec.games.mud.announce,
news:rec.games.mud.admin, news:rec.games.mud.diku,
news:rec.games.mud.lp, news:rec.games.mud.misc,
news:rec.games.mud.tiny.
(1994-08-10)
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multi-user dungeon
(foldoc) | Multi-User Dimension
Multi-User Dungeon
(MUD) (Or Multi-User Domain, originally "Multi-User
Dungeon") A class of multi-player interactive game, accessible
via the Internet or a modem. A MUD is like a real-time
chat forum with structure; it has multiple "locations" like
an adventure game and may include combat, traps, puzzles,
magic and a simple economic system. A MUD where characters
can build more structure onto the database that represents the
existing world is sometimes known as a "MUSH". Most MUDs
allow you to log in as a guest to look around before you
create your own character.
Historically, MUDs (and their more recent progeny with names
of MU- form) derive from a hack by Richard Bartle and Roy
Trubshaw on the University of Essex's DEC-10 in 1979. It
was a game similar to the classic Colossal Cave adventure,
except that it allowed multiple people to play at the same
time and interact with each other. Descendants of that game
still exist today and are sometimes generically called
BartleMUDs. There is a widespread myth that the name MUD was
trademarked to the commercial MUD run by Bartle on {British
Telecom} (the motto: "You haven't *lived* 'til you've *died*
on MUD!"); however, this is false - Richard Bartle
explicitly placed "MUD" in the PD in 1985. BT was upset at
this, as they had already printed trademark claims on some
maps and posters, which were released and created the myth.
Students on the European academic networks quickly improved on
the MUD concept, spawning several new MUDs (VAXMUD,
AberMUD, LPMUD). Many of these had associated
bulletin-board systems for social interaction. Because
these had an image as "research" they often survived
administrative hostility to BBSs in general. This, together
with the fact that Usenet feeds have been spotty and
difficult to get in the UK, made the MUDs major foci of
hackish social interaction there.
AberMUD and other variants crossed the Atlantic around 1988
and quickly gained popularity in the US; they became nuclei
for large hacker communities with only loose ties to
traditional hackerdom (some observers see parallels with the
growth of Usenet in the early 1980s). The second wave of
MUDs (TinyMUD and variants) tended to emphasise social
interaction, puzzles, and cooperative world-building as
opposed to combat and competition. In 1991, over 50% of MUD
sites are of a third major variety, LPMUD, which synthesises
the combat/puzzle aspects of AberMUD and older systems with
the extensibility of TinyMud. The trend toward greater
programmability and flexibility will doubtless continue.
The state of the art in MUD design is still moving very
rapidly, with new simulation designs appearing (seemingly)
every month. There is now a move afoot to deprecate the term
MUD itself, as newer designs exhibit an exploding variety of
names corresponding to the different simulation styles being
explored.
{UMN MUD Gopher page
(gopher://spinaltap.micro.umn.edu/11/fun/Games/MUDs/Links)}.
{U Pennsylvania MUD Web page
(http://cis.upenn.edu/~lwl/mudinfo.html)}.
See also bonk/oif, FOD, link-dead, mudhead, MOO,
MUCK, MUG, MUSE, chat.
Usenet newsgroups: news:rec.games.mud.announce,
news:rec.games.mud.admin, news:rec.games.mud.diku,
news:rec.games.mud.lp, news:rec.games.mud.misc,
news:rec.games.mud.tiny.
(1994-08-10)
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multi-user shared hallucination
(foldoc) | Multi-User Shared Hallucination
(MUSH) A user-extendable MUD.
A MUSH provides commands which the players can use to
construct new rooms or make objects and puzzles for other
players to explore.
(http://cis.upenn.edu/~lwl/muds.html).
(1995-03-16)
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