| slovo | definícia |
nuclei
(encz) | nuclei,jádra |
Nuclei
(gcide) | Nucleus \Nu"cle*us\, n.; pl. E. Nucleuses, L. Nuclei. [L., a
kernel, dim. fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf. Newel post.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A kernel; hence, a central mass or point about which
matter is gathered, or to which accretion is made; the
central or material portion; -- used both literally and
figuratively.
[1913 Webster]
It must contain within itself a nucleus of truth.
--I. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astron.) The body or the head of a comet.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Bot.)
(a) An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue.
(b) A whole seed, as contained within the seed coats.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Biol.) A body, usually spheroidal, in a eukaryotic cell,
distinguished from the surrounding protoplasm by a
difference in refrangibility and in behavior towards
chemical reagents, which contains the chromosomal genetic
material, including the chromosomal DNA. It is more or
less protoplasmic, and consists of a clear fluid
(achromatin) through which extends a network of fibers
(chromatin) in which may be suspended a second rounded
body, the nucleolus (see Nucleoplasm). See {Cell
division}, under Division.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: The nucleus is sometimes termed the endoplast or
endoblast, and in the protozoa is supposed to be
concerned in the female part of the reproductive
process. See Karyokinesis.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Zool.)
(a) The tip, or earliest part, of a univalve or bivalve
shell.
(b) The central part around which additional growths are
added, as of an operculum.
(c) A visceral mass, containing the stomach and other
organs, in Tunicata and some mollusks.
[1913 Webster] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
deoxyribonucleic
(encz) | deoxyribonucleic,deoxyribonukleový adj: Zdeněk Brož |
deoxyribonucleic acid
(encz) | deoxyribonucleic acid, |
desoxyribonucleic acid
(encz) | desoxyribonucleic acid, n: |
desoxyribonucleic acid (dna)
(encz) | desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),dezoxyribonukleová kyselina
DNA [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskačdesoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),DNA dezoxyribonukleová kyselina
(angl.) [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskačdesoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),DNS dezoxyribonukleová kyselina
(něm.) [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
nucleic
(encz) | nucleic,nukleový |
nucleic acid
(encz) | nucleic acid,nukleová kyselina |
recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid
(encz) | recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid, n: |
ribonucleic
(encz) | ribonucleic,ribonukleový saša |
ribonucleic acid
(encz) | ribonucleic acid,ribonukleová kyselina RNA,RNK saša |
ribonucleinase
(encz) | ribonucleinase, n: |
deoxyribonucleic acid
(gcide) | deoxyribonucleic acid \deoxyribonucleic acid\ n.
a nucleic acid, usually of very high molecular weight,
consisting of a linear sequence of monomer units of
deoxyribonucleotides, occurring in most organisms in pairs of
strands, wound together in the form of a double helix; it is
the main component of chromosomes and contains the genetic
information which is the basis of heredity, transmitted from
parent to progeny, and found in all living organisms except
for certain viruses which have RNA as their basic genetic
material; -- usually referred to by the acronym DNA.
Syn: DNA, desoxyribonucleic acid.
[PJC]
Note: The monomer units making up the DNA each contain one of
four heterocyclic bases: thymine, adenine, cytosine, or
guanine. The genetic information is contained in the
precise sequence of these monomer units, which
ultimately specify the sequence of proteins to be made
by the organism's biosynthetic processes, mediated
through the synthesis of RNA having a base sequence
corresponding to that of the DNA. The DNA sequence also
specifies the sequence of the various RNA molecules the
RNA base sequence being a copy of that on one of the
DNA strands. Most of the RNA synthesized is involved in
protein synthesis. In the double-helical form of DNA,
the thymine on one strand is paired with the adenine on
the opposite strand, and cytosine of one strand is
paired with guanine on the opposite strand. There is in
DNA also certain controlling information concerning the
timing and amount of RNA to be made, encoded within the
sequence of the DNA in ways that are still being
elucidated.
When this structure is replicated in the course of cell
multiplication, two identical double-helical molecules
are formed, each containing one strand from the
original molecule. Each resulting molecule is
distributred to either the parent or progeny organism,
and this is the basic mechanism for transmission of
hereditary information. In RNA-based viruses, or those
having single strands of DNA (as certain viruses), the
genetic information transmission occurs through a
double-stranded intermediate by a similar mechanism.
In some organisms slight modifications of the bases of
DNA are found, such as methylcytosine or, in some
viruses, uracil or hydroxymethyluracil; these unusual
bases act analogously to the normal bases in their
genetic coding function. A small percentage of
methylcytosine is found in many organisms, and it
serves in some cases as a special signal, as for
restriction enzymes.
[PJC] |
deoxyribosenucleic acid
(gcide) | deoxyribosenucleic acid \deoxyribosenucleic acid\ n.
same as deoxyribonucleic acid. [Rare]
[PJC] |
desoxyribonucleic acid
(gcide) | desoxyribonucleic acid \desoxyribonucleic acid\ n.
same as deoxyribonucleic acid.
[PJC] |
Nuclei
(gcide) | Nucleus \Nu"cle*us\, n.; pl. E. Nucleuses, L. Nuclei. [L., a
kernel, dim. fr. nux, nucis, nut. Cf. Newel post.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A kernel; hence, a central mass or point about which
matter is gathered, or to which accretion is made; the
central or material portion; -- used both literally and
figuratively.
[1913 Webster]
It must contain within itself a nucleus of truth.
--I. Taylor.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astron.) The body or the head of a comet.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Bot.)
(a) An incipient ovule of soft cellular tissue.
(b) A whole seed, as contained within the seed coats.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Biol.) A body, usually spheroidal, in a eukaryotic cell,
distinguished from the surrounding protoplasm by a
difference in refrangibility and in behavior towards
chemical reagents, which contains the chromosomal genetic
material, including the chromosomal DNA. It is more or
less protoplasmic, and consists of a clear fluid
(achromatin) through which extends a network of fibers
(chromatin) in which may be suspended a second rounded
body, the nucleolus (see Nucleoplasm). See {Cell
division}, under Division.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: The nucleus is sometimes termed the endoplast or
endoblast, and in the protozoa is supposed to be
concerned in the female part of the reproductive
process. See Karyokinesis.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Zool.)
(a) The tip, or earliest part, of a univalve or bivalve
shell.
(b) The central part around which additional growths are
added, as of an operculum.
(c) A visceral mass, containing the stomach and other
organs, in Tunicata and some mollusks.
[1913 Webster] |
nucleic acid
(gcide) | nucleic acid \nu*cle"ic ac"id\ (n[=oo]*kl[=a]"[i^]k [a^]s"[i^]d
or n[=oo]*kl[=e]"[i^]k), n. (Chem., Biochem., Genetics)
A natural or synthetic polymer consisting of chains of
ribonucleotide or deoxyribonucleotide units.
Note: The nucleic acids are vital constituents of all living
cells, carrying the genetic information propagated
between generations, and, while a cell is alive, having
a continued function in coding for the amino acid
sequence of proteins being synthesized by the cell. The
two natural types of nucleic adic are {ribonucleic
acid} (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
Nucleiform
(gcide) | Nucleiform \Nu*cle"i*form\, a. [L. nucleus kernel + -form.]
Formed like a nucleus or kernel.
[1913 Webster] |
Nuclein
(gcide) | Nuclein \Nu"cle*in\, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
A constituent of the nuclei of all cells, containing protein
and nucleic acid. It is a colorless amorphous substance,
readily soluble in alkaline fluids and especially
characterized by its comparatively large content of
phosphorus. It also contains nitrogen and sulphur.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
Pronuclei
(gcide) | Pronucleus \Pro*nu"cle*us\, n.; pl. Pronuclei (-[imac]). [NL.
See Pro-, and Nucleus.] (Biol.)
One of the two bodies or nuclei (called male and female
pronuclei) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus
of an impregnated ovum.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In the maturing of the ovum preparatory to
impregnation, a part of the germinal vesicle (see
Polar body, under Polar) becomes converted into a
number of small vesicles, which aggregate themselves
into a single clear nucleus. which travels towards the
center of the egg and is called the female pronucleus.
In impregnation, the spermatozoon which enters the egg
soon loses its tail, while the head forms a nucleus,
called the male pronucleus, which gradually travels
towards the female pronucleus and eventually fuses with
it, forming the first segmentation nucleus.
[1913 Webster] |
deoxyribonucleic acid
(wn) | deoxyribonucleic acid
n 1: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus
of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a
double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic
information; "DNA is the king of molecules" [syn:
deoxyribonucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid, DNA] |
desoxyribonucleic acid
(wn) | desoxyribonucleic acid
n 1: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus
of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a
double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic
information; "DNA is the king of molecules" [syn:
deoxyribonucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid, DNA] |
nucleic acid
(wn) | nucleic acid
n 1: (biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of
nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living
cells |
recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid
(wn) | recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid
n 1: genetically engineered DNA made by recombining fragments of
DNA from different organisms [syn: {recombinant
deoxyribonucleic acid}, recombinant DNA] |
revolutionary proletarian initiative nuclei
(wn) | Revolutionary Proletarian Initiative Nuclei
n 1: a clandestine group of leftist extremists who oppose
Italy's labor policies and foreign policy; responsible for
bombing building in the historic center of Rome from 2000
to 2002 [syn: Revolutionary Proletarian Nucleus,
Revolutionary Proletarian Initiative Nuclei, NIPR] |
ribonucleic acid
(wn) | ribonucleic acid
n 1: (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found
in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where
it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic
information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain
chemical processes in the cell; "ribonucleic acid is the
genetic material of some viruses" [syn: ribonucleic acid,
RNA] |
ribonucleinase
(wn) | ribonucleinase
n 1: a transferase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ribonucleic
acid [syn: ribonuclease, ribonucleinase, RNase] |
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