| slovo | definícia |
offences
(encz) | offences,přečiny n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
offences
(encz) | offences,přestupky n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
offences
(encz) | offences,urážky n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
QUASI OFFENCES
(bouvier) | QUASI OFFENCES, torts, civil law. Those acts which, although not committed
by the persons responsible for them, are by implication of law supposed to
have been committed by their command, by other persons for whom they are
answerable. They are also injuries which have been caused by one person to
another, without any intention to hurt them.
2. Of the first class of quasi offences are the injuries occasioned by
agents or servants in the exercise of their employments. A master is,
therefore, liable to be sued for injuries occasioned by the neglect or
unskillfulness of his servant while in the course of his employment, though
the act was obviously tortious and against the master's consent as, for
fraud, deceit, or other wrongful act. 1 Salk. 280; Cro. Jac. 473; 1 Str.
653; Roll. Abr. 95, 1. 15; 1 East, 106; 2 H. Bl. 442; 3 Wills. 313; 2 Bl.
Rep. 845; 5 Binn. 54 0; sed vide, Com. Dig. tit. Action on the case for
deceit, B. A master is liable for a servant's negligent driving of a
carriage or navigating a ship; 1 East, 105; or for a libel inserted in a
newspaper of which defendant was proprietor. 1 B. & P. 409. The master is
also liable not only for the acts of those immediately employed about him,
but even for the acts of a sub-agent, however remote, if committed in the
course of his service; 1 Bos. & P. 404; 6 T. R. 411; and a corporate company
are liable to be sued for the wrongful acts of their servants; 3 Camp. 403;
when not, see 4 M. & S. 27.
3. But the wrongful or unlawful acts must be committed in the course of
the servant's employment, and while the servant is acting as such; therefore
a person who hires a post chaise is not liable for the negligence of the
driver, but the action must be against the driver or owner of the chaise and
horses. 6 Esp. Cas. 35; 4 Barn. & A. 409 sed vide 1 B. & P. 409.
4. A master is not in general liable for the criminal acts of his
servant willfully committed by him. 2 Str. 885. Neither is he liable his
servant willfully commit an injury to another as if a servant willfully drive
his master's carriage against another's, or ride or beat a distress damage
feasant. 1 East. 106; Rep. T. Hard. 87; 3 Wils. 217; 1 Salk. 289; 2 Roll.
Abr. 553; 4 B. & A. 590. In some cases, however, where it is the duty of the
master to see that the servant acts correctly, he may be liable criminally
for what the servant has done; as where a baker's servant introduced noxious
materials in his bread. 3 M. & S. 11; Ld. Raymond, 264; 4 Camp. 12. And on
principles of public policy, a sheriff is liable civilly for the trespass,
extortion, or other willful misconduct of his bailiff. 2 T. Rep. 154; 3 Wils.
317; 8 T. R. 431.
5. In Louisiana, the father, or after his decease, the mother is
responsible for the damages occasioned by their minor or unemancipated
children, residing with them, or placed by them under the care of other
persons, reserving to them recourse against those persons. Code art. 2297.
The curators of insane persons are answerable for the damage occasioned by
those under their care. Id. 2298. Masters and employers are answerable for
the damage occasioned by their servants and overseers, in the exercise of
the functions in which they are employed; teachers and artisans, for the
damage caused by their scholars and apprentices, while under their
superintendence. In the above cases responsibility attaches, when the
masters or employers, teachers and artisans, might have prevented the act
which caused the damage, and have not done it. Id. 299. The owner of an
animal is answerable for the damage he has caused; but if the animal has
been lost or strayed more than a day, he may discharge himself from this
responsibility, by abandoning him to the person who his sustained the
injury; except where the master has turned loose a dangerous or noxious
animal; for then he must pay all the harm done without being allowed to make
the abandonment. Id. 2301.
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