| slovo | definícia |
fortran
(encz) | Fortran,Fortran n: [it.] [jmén.] programovací jazyk, FORmula
TRANslation |
fortran
(czen) | Fortran,Fortrann: [it.] [jmén.] programovací jazyk, FORmula TRANslation |
FORTRAN
(gcide) | FORTRAN \FORTRAN\ n. (Computers) [Formula Translation.]
a higher programming language with an instruction set
designed for ease of expression of mathematical functions,
much used in programming of scientific and mathematical
problems.
[PJC] |
FORTRAN
(gcide) | Language \Lan"guage\, n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua
the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See
Tongue, cf. Lingual.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas;
specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the
voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the
organs of the throat and mouth.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which
usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two
or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to
the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one
person communicates his ideas to another. This is the
primary sense of language, the use of which is to
communicate the thoughts of one person to another
through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are
represented to the eye by letters, marks, or
characters, which form words.
[1913 Webster]
2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other
instrumentality.
[1913 Webster]
3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas,
peculiar to a particular nation.
[1913 Webster]
4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an
individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.
[1913 Webster]
Others for language all their care express. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man
express their feelings or their wants.
[1913 Webster]
6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of
ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
[1913 Webster]
There was . . . language in their very gesture.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or
department of knowledge; as, medical language; the
language of chemistry or theology.
[1913 Webster]
8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell
down and worshiped the golden image. --Dan. iii. 7.
[1913 Webster]
9. Any system of symbols created for the purpose of
communicating ideas, emotions, commands, etc., between
sentient agents.
[PJC]
10. Specifically: (computers) Any set of symbols and the
rules for combining them which are used to specify to a
computer the actions that it is to take; also referred to
as a computer lanugage or programming language; as,
JAVA is a new and flexible high-level language which has
achieved popularity very rapidly.
[PJC]
Note: Computer languages are classed a low-level if each
instruction specifies only one operation of the
computer, or high-level if each instruction may specify
a complex combination of operations. Machine language
and assembly language are low-level computer
languages. FORTRAN, COBOL and C are high-level
computer languages. Other computer languages, such as
JAVA, allow even more complex combinations of low-level
operations to be performed with a single command. Many
programs, such as databases, are supplied with special
languages adapted to manipulate the objects of concern
for that specific program. These are also high-level
languages.
[PJC]
Language master, a teacher of languages. [Obs.]
Syn: Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction;
discourse; conversation; talk.
Usage: Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect.
Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended
use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the
language of articulate sounds; tongue is the
Anglo-Saxon term for language, esp. for spoken
language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the
forms of construction peculiar to a particular
language; dialects are varieties of expression which
spring up in different parts of a country among people
speaking substantially the same language.
[1913 Webster] |
FORTRAN
(gcide) | higher programming language \higher programming language\ n.
(Computers)
A computer programming language with an instruction set
allowing one instruction to code for several assembly
language instructions.
Note: The aggregation of several assembly-language
instructions into one instruction allows much greater
efficiency in writing computer programs. Most programs
are now written in some higher programming language,
such as BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++,
PROLOG, or JAVA.
[PJC] |
fortran
(wn) | FORTRAN
n 1: a high-level programing language for mathematical and
scientific purposes; stands for formula translation |
fortran
(foldoc) | Fortran
(Formula Translation) The first and, for a long
time, the most widely used programming language for numerical
and scientific applications. The original versions lacked
recursive procedures and block structure and had a
line-oriented syntax in which certain columns had special
significance.
There have been a great many versions.
The name is often written "FORTRAN", harking back to the days
before computers were taught about lower case, but ANSI
decreed, in about 1985 via the ANSI FORTRAN Technical
Committee TC, that it should be "Fortran".
See also: Fortrash.
[Was Fortran I the first version?]
(2000-07-07)
|
fortran
(vera) | FORTRAN
FORmula TRANslation
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
fortran
(encz) | Fortran,Fortran n: [it.] [jmén.] programovací jazyk, FORmula
TRANslation |
fortran
(czen) | Fortran,Fortrann: [it.] [jmén.] programovací jazyk, FORmula TRANslation |
fortran
(wn) | FORTRAN
n 1: a high-level programing language for mathematical and
scientific purposes; stands for formula translation |
fortran compiler
(wn) | Fortran compiler
n 1: a compiler for programs written in FORTRAN |
fortran program
(wn) | FORTRAN program
n 1: a program written in FORTRAN |
basic fortran
(foldoc) | Basic Fortran
A subset of Fortran.
[Sammet 1969, p. 150].
(1999-06-09)
|
cfortran.h
(foldoc) | cfortran.h
A transparent, machine independent interface
between C and Fortran routines and global data,
developed by Burkhard Burow at CERN. It provides macros
which allow the C preprocessor to translate a simple
description of a C (Fortran) routine or global data into a
Fortran (C) interface.
Version 2.6 runs on VAX/VMS/Ultrix, DECstation,
Silicon Graphics, IBM RS/6000, Sun, Cray, Apollo,
HP9000, LynxOS, f2c, NAG f90.
(ftp://zebra.desy.de/cfortran/).
cfortran.h was reviewed in RS/Magazine November 1992 and a
user's experiences with cfortran.h are described in the Jan 93
issue of Computers in Physics.
(1992-04-12)
|
dap fortran
(foldoc) | DAP Fortran
["Efficient High Speed Computing with the Distributed Array
Processor", P.M. Flanders et al, pp.113-127 (1977)].
[Same as Fortran- Plus?]
|
extended fortran language
(foldoc) | Extended Fortran Language
EFL
(EFL) A Fortran preprocessor to provide {structured
programming} constructs much like C. EFL is a descendant of
RATFOR. It is written in C.
["An Informal Description of EFL", S.I. Feldman].
|
format-fortran
(foldoc) | Fortran Matrix Abstraction Technique Fortran
FORMAT-Fortran
(FORMAT-Fortran) A language for manipulation,
printing and plotting of large matrices.
["FORMAT-FORTRAN Matrix Abstraction Technique (Vol. V)"
AFFDL-TR-66-207, Douglas Aircraft Co. Oct 1968].
(1996-09-29)
|
fortran
(foldoc) | Fortran
(Formula Translation) The first and, for a long
time, the most widely used programming language for numerical
and scientific applications. The original versions lacked
recursive procedures and block structure and had a
line-oriented syntax in which certain columns had special
significance.
There have been a great many versions.
The name is often written "FORTRAN", harking back to the days
before computers were taught about lower case, but ANSI
decreed, in about 1985 via the ANSI FORTRAN Technical
Committee TC, that it should be "Fortran".
See also: Fortrash.
[Was Fortran I the first version?]
(2000-07-07)
|
fortran 66
(foldoc) | Fortran 66
Fortran IV standardised. ASA X3.9-1966.
|
fortran 77
(foldoc) | Fortran 77
A popular version of Fortran with Block IF, PARAMETER and
SAVE statements added, but still no WHILE. It has
fixed-length character strings, format-free I/O, and arrays
with lower bounds.
[ANSI X3.9-1978].
GNU version (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g77).
Amiga version (ftp://ftp.cso.uiuc.edu/amiga/fish/ff470/BCF).
(1994-12-16)
|
fortran 90
(foldoc) | Fortran 90
(Previously "Fortran 8x" and "Fortran Extended") An extensive
enlargement of Fortran 77. Fortran 90 has derived types,
assumed shape arrays, array sections, functions returning
arrays, case statement, module subprograms and internal
subprograms, optional and keyword subprogram arguments,
recursion, and dynamic allocation. It is defined in ISO
1539:1991, soon to be adopted by ANSI.
["Fortran 90 Explained", M. Metcalf et al, Oxford University
Press 1990].
(1994-12-16)
|
fortran automatic symbol translator
(foldoc) | Fortran Automatic Symbol Translator
(FAST) An assembly language for the IBM 650 by
MITRE Corporation.
[CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959)].
[Sammet 1969, p.526].
(1994-11-09)
|
fortran d
(foldoc) | Fortran D
A data-parallel Fortran developed by Ken Kennedy at
Rice University.
["Fortran D Language Specification", G. Fox et al, TR 90079,
Rice U, March 1991].
E-mail: Theresa Chapman .
(1994-12-16)
|
fortran i
(foldoc) | Fortran I
An early version of Fortran designed by John Backus at
IBM for the IBM 704. The design was begun in 1954 and a
compiler released in April 1957.
[Was this the first Fortran?]
(1995-02-15)
|
fortran ii
(foldoc) | Fortran II
1958. Added subroutines.
|
fortran iii
(foldoc) | Fortran III
This was only distributed to ca. 20 sites. See Wexelblat.
|
fortran iv
(foldoc) | Fortran IV
IBM 1962. For the IBM 7090/94. Many implementations went
well beyond the original definition.
|
fortran m
(foldoc) | Fortran M
Parallel extensions to Fortran with processes and channels by
Ian Foster .
["Fortran M: A Language for Modular Parallel Programming",
I. Foster et al, MCS-P327-0992, ANL, 1992].
(1994-10-26)
|
fortran matrix abstraction technique fortran
(foldoc) | Fortran Matrix Abstraction Technique Fortran
FORMAT-Fortran
(FORMAT-Fortran) A language for manipulation,
printing and plotting of large matrices.
["FORMAT-FORTRAN Matrix Abstraction Technique (Vol. V)"
AFFDL-TR-66-207, Douglas Aircraft Co. Oct 1968].
(1996-09-29)
|
fortran v
(foldoc) | Fortran V
Preliminary work on adding character handling to Fortran by
IBM ca. 1962. This name as never really used.
(1994-10-26)
|
fortran vi
(foldoc) | Fortran VI
IBM's internal name for early PL/I work ca. 1963.
[Sammet 1969, p. 540].
(1994-10-25)
|
fortran-linda
(foldoc) | Fortran-Linda
Scientific Computer Assocs .
|
fortran-plus
(foldoc) | Fortran-Plus
Fortran for the DAP parallel machine, implements many
Fortran 90 features.
|
fortransit
(foldoc) | FORTRANSIT
Fortran Internal Translator.
A subset of Fortran translated into IT on the IBM 650.
It was in use in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Compilation took place in several steps (using punched cards
as the only input/output media). FORTRANSIT was converted to
IT Internal Translator which was converted into SOAP and
thence to machine code.
In the SOAP -> machine code step, the user had to include card
decks for all the subroutines used in his FORTRANSIT program
(including e.g. square root, sine, and even basic {floating
point} routines).
[Sammet 1969, p. 141].
(1995-03-30)
|
high performance fortran
(foldoc) | High Performance Fortran
HPF
(HPF) A data parallel language extension to
Fortran 90 which provides a portable programming interface
for a wide variety of target platforms. The original HPF
language specification was produced by the High Performance
Fortran Forum, a broad consortium of industry and academia,
which met regularly throughout 1992 and early 1993. HPF
compilers are now available on most commonly-used computing
systems, and users are beginning to gain first hand experience
with this language. The Forum has continued to meet in order
to address advanced topics.
HPF+ at Vienna (http://par.univie.ac.at/hpf+/).
["High Performance Fortran: Status Report", G.L. Steele Jr
, SIGPLAN Notices 28(1):1-4 (Jan 1993)].
(1996-09-09)
|
object-oriented fortran
(foldoc) | Object-Oriented Fortran
OOF
(OOF) An object-oriented extension of Fortran,
in which data items can be grouped into objects, which can be
instantiated and executed in parallel.
It was available for Sun, Iris, iPSC, and nCUBE, but
is no longer supported.
E-mail: Donna Reese .
(2001-03-06)
|
parallel fortran
(foldoc) | Parallel Fortran
Pfortran
(Pfortran) Extensions to Fortran by Ridgway Scott
of Houston University. Pfortran provides a
shared memory SIMD model on message passing computers.
It was under development in 1994.
["Pfortran: A Parallel Dialect of Fortran", L.R. Scott,
Fortran Forum 11(3):20-31, Sep 1992].
(1994-11-08)
|
pfortran
(foldoc) | Parallel Fortran
Pfortran
(Pfortran) Extensions to Fortran by Ridgway Scott
of Houston University. Pfortran provides a
shared memory SIMD model on message passing computers.
It was under development in 1994.
["Pfortran: A Parallel Dialect of Fortran", L.R. Scott,
Fortran Forum 11(3):20-31, Sep 1992].
(1994-11-08)
|
rational fortran
(foldoc) | RATional Fortran
RATFOR
(RATFOR) Brian Kernighan's Fortran
preprocessor that allows programming with C-like {control
flow}. RATFOR is mainly of historical significance.
A translator from Ratfor to Fortran IV was posted to
comp.sources.Unix volume 13.
(ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/mirrors/Unix-c/languages/ratfor.tar-z).
["Ratfor - A Preprocessor for a Rational Fortran",
B.W. Kernighan, Soft Prac & Exp 5:395-406, Oct 1975].
["Software Tools", B.W. Kernighan & P.J. Plauger, A-W, 1976].
(2001-07-31)
|
refined fortran
(foldoc) | Refined Fortran
(RF) Similar to Refined C. Research implementations only.
"Refined Fortran: Another Sequential Language for Parallel
Programming," H.G. Dietz et al, Proc 1986 Intl Conf Parallel
Proc, pp.184-191.
|
vienna fortran
(foldoc) | Vienna Fortran
A data-parallel extension of Fortran 77 for distributed
memory multiprocessors by Hans Zima
, Vienna University.
["Programming In Vienna Fortran", B. Chapman et al, Scientific
Programming 1(1):31-50 (Aug 1992)].
|
fortran
(vera) | FORTRAN
FORmula TRANslation
|
|