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Abstract number
(gcide) | Number \Num"ber\ (n[u^]m"b[~e]r), n. [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L.
numerus; akin to Gr. no`mos that which is dealt out, fr.
ne`mein to deal out, distribute. See Numb, Nomad, and cf.
Numerate, Numero, Numerous.]
1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or
an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection
of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things
expressible by figures.
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2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a
multitude; many.
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Ladies are always of great use to the party they
espouse, and never fail to win over numbers.
--Addison.
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3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to
put a number on a door.
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4. Numerousness; multitude.
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Number itself importeth not much in armies where the
people are of weak courage. --Bacon.
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5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable.
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Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds
out of number. --2 Esdras
iii. 7.
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6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate
things.
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7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as
divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry,
verse; -- chiefly used in the plural.
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I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. --Pope.
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8. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than
one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two),
expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word;
thus, the singular number and the plural number are the
names of the forms of a word indicating the objects
denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than
one.
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9. (Math.) The measure of the relation between quantities or
things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity
which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical
value.
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Abstract number, Abundant number, Cardinal number, etc.
See under Abstract, Abundant, etc.
In numbers, in numbered parts; as, a book published in
numbers.
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
Abstract numbers
(gcide) | Abstract \Ab"stract`\ (#; 277), a. [L. abstractus, p. p. of
abstrahere to draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw.
See Trace.]
1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.]
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The more abstract . . . we are from the body.
--Norris.
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2. Considered apart from any application to a particular
object; separated from matter; existing in the mind only;
as, abstract truth, abstract numbers. Hence: ideal;
abstruse; difficult.
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3. (Logic)
(a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed
apart from the other properties which constitute it;
-- opposed to concrete; as, honesty is an abstract
word. --J. S. Mill.
(b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction;
general as opposed to particular; as, "reptile" is an
abstract or general name. --Locke.
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A concrete name is a name which stands for a
thing; an abstract name which stands for an
attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in
more modern times, which, if not introduced by
Locke, has gained currency from his example, of
applying the expression "abstract name" to all
names which are the result of abstraction and
generalization, and consequently to all general
names, instead of confining it to the names of
attributes. --J. S. Mill.
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4. Abstracted; absent in mind. "Abstract, as in a trance."
--Milton.
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An abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea separated from a
complex object, or from other ideas which naturally
accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated
apart from its color or figure.
Abstract terms, those which express abstract ideas, as
beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object
in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of
orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a
combination of similar qualities.
Abstract numbers (Math.), numbers used without application
to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as
6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete.
Abstract mathematics or Pure mathematics. See
Mathematics.
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