| slovo | definícia |
ethic
(encz) | ethic,etika Hynek Hanke |
Ethic
(gcide) | Ethic \Eth"ic\, Ethical \Eth"ic*al\, a. [L. ethicus, Gr. ?, fr.
? custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to ? custom, Goth.
sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh?, prob. orig., one's own doing;
sva self + dh? to set: cf. F. ['e]thique. See So, Do.]
Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings
or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic
discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical
philosophy.
[1913 Webster]
The ethical meaning of the miracles. --Trench.
[1913 Webster]
Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to
signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded
with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How
does my friend Celsus do?
[1913 Webster] |
ethic
(gcide) | ethic \eth"ic\ ([e^]th"[i^]k), n.
1. the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an
individual or a social group; as, the Puritan ethic.
[WordNet sense 1]
Syn: moral principle, value-system, value orientation.
[WordNet 1.5]
2. a system of principles governing morality and acceptable
conduct. [WordNet sense 2]
Syn: ethical code.
[WordNet 1.5] |
ethic
(wn) | ethic
n 1: the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an
individual or a social group; "the Puritan ethic"; "a
person with old-fashioned values" [syn: ethic, {moral
principle}, value-system, value orientation]
2: a system of principles governing morality and acceptable
conduct [syn: ethic, ethical code] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
bioethics
(encz) | bioethics,bioetika n: [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
ecological ethics
(encz) | ecological ethics,ekologická etika [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
environmental ethic
(encz) | environmental ethic,environmentální etika [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
ethic
(encz) | ethic,etika Hynek Hanke |
ethical
(encz) | ethical,etický adj: Zdeněk Brožethical,mravní adj: Zdeněk Brož |
ethical code
(encz) | ethical code,etický kodex n: Ivan Masár |
ethical drug
(encz) | ethical drug, n: |
ethical motive
(encz) | ethical motive, n: |
ethically
(encz) | ethically,eticky adv: Zdeněk Brož |
ethician
(encz) | ethician, n: |
ethicism
(encz) | ethicism, n: |
ethicist
(encz) | ethicist,mravouk n: Zdeněk Brož |
ethics
(encz) | ethics,etika n: Zdeněk Brožethics,mravy n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
ethics committee
(encz) | ethics committee, n: |
ethics panel
(encz) | ethics panel, n: |
methicillin
(encz) | methicillin, n: |
neuroethics
(encz) | neuroethics, n: |
unethical
(encz) | unethical,neetický adj: Zdeněk Brož |
unethically
(encz) | unethically,neeticky adv: Zdeněk Brož |
work ethic
(encz) | work ethic,etika práce n: PetrV |
ethic
(gcide) | Ethic \Eth"ic\, Ethical \Eth"ic*al\, a. [L. ethicus, Gr. ?, fr.
? custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to ? custom, Goth.
sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh?, prob. orig., one's own doing;
sva self + dh? to set: cf. F. ['e]thique. See So, Do.]
Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings
or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic
discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical
philosophy.
[1913 Webster]
The ethical meaning of the miracles. --Trench.
[1913 Webster]
Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to
signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded
with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How
does my friend Celsus do?
[1913 Webster]ethic \eth"ic\ ([e^]th"[i^]k), n.
1. the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an
individual or a social group; as, the Puritan ethic.
[WordNet sense 1]
Syn: moral principle, value-system, value orientation.
[WordNet 1.5]
2. a system of principles governing morality and acceptable
conduct. [WordNet sense 2]
Syn: ethical code.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Ethical
(gcide) | Ethic \Eth"ic\, Ethical \Eth"ic*al\, a. [L. ethicus, Gr. ?, fr.
? custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to ? custom, Goth.
sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh?, prob. orig., one's own doing;
sva self + dh? to set: cf. F. ['e]thique. See So, Do.]
Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings
or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic
discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical
philosophy.
[1913 Webster]
The ethical meaning of the miracles. --Trench.
[1913 Webster]
Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to
signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded
with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How
does my friend Celsus do?
[1913 Webster] |
Ethical dative
(gcide) | Ethic \Eth"ic\, Ethical \Eth"ic*al\, a. [L. ethicus, Gr. ?, fr.
? custom, usage, character, dwelling; akin to ? custom, Goth.
sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh?, prob. orig., one's own doing;
sva self + dh? to set: cf. F. ['e]thique. See So, Do.]
Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings
or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic
discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical
philosophy.
[1913 Webster]
The ethical meaning of the miracles. --Trench.
[1913 Webster]
Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to
signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded
with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit? How
does my friend Celsus do?
[1913 Webster] |
Ethically
(gcide) | Ethically \Eth"ic*al*ly\, adv.
According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.
[1913 Webster] |
Ethicist
(gcide) | Ethicist \Eth"i*cist\ ([e^]th"[i^]*s[i^]st), n.
One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.
[1913 Webster] |
Ethics
(gcide) | Ethics \Eth"ics\ ([e^]th"[i^]ks), n. [Cf. F. ['e]thique. See
Ethic.]
The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn
from this science; a particular system of principles and
rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of
practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as,
political or social ethics; medical ethics.
[1913 Webster]
The completeness and consistency of its morality is the
peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has
taught. --I. Taylor.
[1913 Webster] |
Fiber zibethicus
(gcide) | Muskrat \Musk"rat`\, n.
1. (Zool.) A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent
(Ondatra zibethica formerly Fiber zibethicus). It
resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but
the tail is compressed, the hind feet are webbed, and the
ears are concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which
secrete a substance having a strong odor of musk. Called
also musquash, musk beaver, ondatra, and sometimes
water rat.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. (Zool.) The musk shrew.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Zool.) The desman.
[1913 Webster] |
Ondatra zibethica
(gcide) | Ondatra \Ondatra\ prop. n.
A genus of rodents including the muskrat ({Ondatra
zibethica}).
Syn: genus Ondatra.
[WordNet 1.5]Muskrat \Musk"rat`\, n.
1. (Zool.) A North American aquatic fur-bearing rodent
(Ondatra zibethica formerly Fiber zibethicus). It
resembles a rat in color and having a long scaly tail, but
the tail is compressed, the hind feet are webbed, and the
ears are concealed in the fur. It has scent glands which
secrete a substance having a strong odor of musk. Called
also musquash, musk beaver, ondatra, and sometimes
water rat.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. (Zool.) The musk shrew.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Zool.) The desman.
[1913 Webster] |
Sethic
(gcide) | Sethic \Seth"ic\, a.
See Sothic.
[1913 Webster] |
Superethical
(gcide) | Superethical \Su`per*eth"ic*al\, a.
More than ethical; above ethics. --Bolingbroke.
[1913 Webster] |
alethic logic
(wn) | alethic logic
n 1: the modal logic of necessity and possibility and
contingency |
bioethics
(wn) | bioethics
n 1: the branch of ethics that studies moral values in the
biomedical sciences |
ethic
(wn) | ethic
n 1: the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an
individual or a social group; "the Puritan ethic"; "a
person with old-fashioned values" [syn: ethic, {moral
principle}, value-system, value orientation]
2: a system of principles governing morality and acceptable
conduct [syn: ethic, ethical code] |
ethical
(wn) | ethical
adj 1: of or relating to the philosophical study of ethics;
"ethical codes"; "ethical theories"
2: conforming to accepted standards of social or professional
behavior; "an ethical lawyer"; "ethical medical practice";
"an ethical problem"; "had no ethical objection to drinking";
"Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants"- Omar
N. Bradley [ant: unethical]
3: adhering to ethical and moral principles; "it seems ethical
and right"; "followed the only honorable course of action"
[syn: ethical, honorable, honourable] |
ethical code
(wn) | ethical code
n 1: a system of principles governing morality and acceptable
conduct [syn: ethic, ethical code] |
ethical drug
(wn) | ethical drug
n 1: a drug that is available only with written instructions
from a doctor or dentist to a pharmacist; "he told the
doctor that he had been taking his prescription regularly"
[syn: prescription drug, prescription, {prescription
medicine}, ethical drug] [ant: over-the-counter drug,
over-the-counter medicine] |
ethical motive
(wn) | ethical motive
n 1: motivation based on ideas of right and wrong [syn: {ethical
motive}, ethics, morals, morality] |
ethically
(wn) | ethically
adv 1: in an ethical manner; from an ethical point of view;
according to ethics; "he behaved ethically"; "this is
ethically unacceptable" [ant: unethically] |
ethician
(wn) | ethician
n 1: a philosopher who specializes in ethics [syn: ethicist,
ethician] |
ethicism
(wn) | ethicism
n 1: a doctrine that ethics and ethical ideas are valid and
important; "his ethicism often led him to moralize" |
ethicist
(wn) | ethicist
n 1: a philosopher who specializes in ethics [syn: ethicist,
ethician] |
ethics
(wn) | ethics
n 1: motivation based on ideas of right and wrong [syn: {ethical
motive}, ethics, morals, morality]
2: the philosophical study of moral values and rules [syn:
ethics, moral philosophy] |
ethics committee
(wn) | ethics committee
n 1: a committee appointed to consider ethical issues [syn:
ethics committee, ethics panel] |
ethics panel
(wn) | ethics panel
n 1: a committee appointed to consider ethical issues [syn:
ethics committee, ethics panel] |
methicillin
(wn) | methicillin
n 1: antibiotic drug of the penicillin family used in the
treatment of certain staphylococcal infections |
neuroethics
(wn) | neuroethics
n 1: the study of ethical implications of treatments for
neurological diseases |
ondatra zibethica
(wn) | Ondatra zibethica
n 1: beaver-like aquatic rodent of North America with dark
glossy brown fur [syn: muskrat, musquash, {Ondatra
zibethica}] |
unethical
(wn) | unethical
adj 1: not conforming to approved standards of social or
professional behavior; "unethical business practices"
[ant: ethical] |
unethically
(wn) | unethically
adv 1: in an unethical manner; "he behaved unethically" [ant:
ethically] |
computer ethics
(foldoc) | computer ethics
ethics
Ethics is the field of study that is concerned
with questions of value, that is, judgments about what human
behaviour is "good" or "bad". Ethical judgments are no
different in the area of computing from those in any other
area. Computers raise problems of privacy, ownership, theft,
and power, to name but a few.
Computer ethics can be grounded in one of four basic
world-views: Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, or Existentialism.
Idealists believe that reality is basically ideas and that
ethics therefore involves conforming to ideals. Realists
believe that reality is basically nature and that ethics
therefore involves acting according to what is natural.
Pragmatists believe that reality is not fixed but is in
process and that ethics therefore is practical (that is,
concerned with what will produce socially-desired results).
Existentialists believe reality is self-defined and that
ethics therefore is individual (that is, concerned only with
one's own conscience). Idealism and Realism can be considered
ABSOLUTIST worldviews because they are based on something
fixed (that is, ideas or nature, respectively). Pragmatism
and Existentialism can be considered RELATIVIST worldviews
because they are based or something relational (that is,
society or the individual, respectively).
Thus ethical judgments will vary, depending on the judge's
world-view. Some examples:
First consider theft. Suppose a university's computer is used
for sending an e-mail message to a friend or for conducting a
full-blown private business (billing, payroll, inventory,
etc.). The absolutist would say that both activities are
unethical (while recognising a difference in the amount of
wrong being done). A relativist might say that the latter
activities were wrong because they tied up too much memory and
slowed down the machine, but the e-mail message wasn't wrong
because it had no significant effect on operations.
Next consider privacy. An instructor uses her account to
acquire the cumulative grade point average of a student who is
in a class which she instructs. She obtained the password for
this restricted information from someone in the Records Office
who erroneously thought that she was the student's advisor.
The absolutist would probably say that the instructor acted
wrongly, since the only person who is entitled to this
information is the student and his or her advisor. The
relativist would probably ask why the instructor wanted the
information. If she replied that she wanted it to be sure
that her grading of the student was consistent with the
student's overall academic performance record, the relativist
might agree that such use was acceptable.
Finally, consider power. At a particular university, if a
professor wants a computer account, all she or he need do is
request one but a student must obtain faculty sponsorship in
order to receive an account. An absolutist (because of a
proclivity for hierarchical thinking) might not have a problem
with this divergence in procedure. A relativist, on the other
hand, might question what makes the two situations essentially
different (e.g. are faculty assumed to have more need for
computers than students? Are students more likely to cause
problems than faculty? Is this a hold-over from the days of
"in loco parentis"?).
{"Philosophical Bases of Computer Ethics", Professor Robert
N. Barger (http://nd.edu/~rbarger/metaethics.html)}.
Usenet newsgroups: news:bit.listserv.ethics-l,
news:alt.soc.ethics.
(1995-10-25)
|
ethics
(foldoc) | computer ethics
ethics
Ethics is the field of study that is concerned
with questions of value, that is, judgments about what human
behaviour is "good" or "bad". Ethical judgments are no
different in the area of computing from those in any other
area. Computers raise problems of privacy, ownership, theft,
and power, to name but a few.
Computer ethics can be grounded in one of four basic
world-views: Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, or Existentialism.
Idealists believe that reality is basically ideas and that
ethics therefore involves conforming to ideals. Realists
believe that reality is basically nature and that ethics
therefore involves acting according to what is natural.
Pragmatists believe that reality is not fixed but is in
process and that ethics therefore is practical (that is,
concerned with what will produce socially-desired results).
Existentialists believe reality is self-defined and that
ethics therefore is individual (that is, concerned only with
one's own conscience). Idealism and Realism can be considered
ABSOLUTIST worldviews because they are based on something
fixed (that is, ideas or nature, respectively). Pragmatism
and Existentialism can be considered RELATIVIST worldviews
because they are based or something relational (that is,
society or the individual, respectively).
Thus ethical judgments will vary, depending on the judge's
world-view. Some examples:
First consider theft. Suppose a university's computer is used
for sending an e-mail message to a friend or for conducting a
full-blown private business (billing, payroll, inventory,
etc.). The absolutist would say that both activities are
unethical (while recognising a difference in the amount of
wrong being done). A relativist might say that the latter
activities were wrong because they tied up too much memory and
slowed down the machine, but the e-mail message wasn't wrong
because it had no significant effect on operations.
Next consider privacy. An instructor uses her account to
acquire the cumulative grade point average of a student who is
in a class which she instructs. She obtained the password for
this restricted information from someone in the Records Office
who erroneously thought that she was the student's advisor.
The absolutist would probably say that the instructor acted
wrongly, since the only person who is entitled to this
information is the student and his or her advisor. The
relativist would probably ask why the instructor wanted the
information. If she replied that she wanted it to be sure
that her grading of the student was consistent with the
student's overall academic performance record, the relativist
might agree that such use was acceptable.
Finally, consider power. At a particular university, if a
professor wants a computer account, all she or he need do is
request one but a student must obtain faculty sponsorship in
order to receive an account. An absolutist (because of a
proclivity for hierarchical thinking) might not have a problem
with this divergence in procedure. A relativist, on the other
hand, might question what makes the two situations essentially
different (e.g. are faculty assumed to have more need for
computers than students? Are students more likely to cause
problems than faculty? Is this a hold-over from the days of
"in loco parentis"?).
{"Philosophical Bases of Computer Ethics", Professor Robert
N. Barger (http://nd.edu/~rbarger/metaethics.html)}.
Usenet newsgroups: news:bit.listserv.ethics-l,
news:alt.soc.ethics.
(1995-10-25)
|
hacker ethic
(foldoc) | hacker ethic
1. The belief that information-sharing is a
powerful positive good, and that it is an ethical duty of
hackers to share their expertise by writing free software and
facilitating access to information and to computing resources
wherever possible.
2. The belief that system-cracking for fun and exploration is
ethically OK as long as the cracker commits no theft,
vandalism, or breach of confidentiality.
Both of these normative ethical principles are widely, but by
no means universally, accepted among hackers. Most hackers
subscribe to the hacker ethic in sense 1, and many act on it
by writing and giving away free software. A few go further
and assert that *all* information should be free and *any*
proprietary control of it is bad; this is the philosophy
behind the GNU project.
Sense 2 is more controversial: some people consider the act of
cracking itself to be unethical, like breaking and entering.
But the belief that "ethical" cracking excludes destruction at
least moderates the behaviour of people who see themselves as
"benign" crackers (see also samurai). On this view, it may
be one of the highest forms of hackerly courtesy to (a) break
into a system, and then (b) explain to the sysop, preferably
by e-mail from a superuser account, exactly how it was done
and how the hole can be plugged - acting as an unpaid (and
unsolicited) tiger team.
The most reliable manifestation of either version of the
hacker ethic is that almost all hackers are actively willing
to share technical tricks, software, and (where possible)
computing resources with other hackers. Huge cooperative
networks such as Usenet, FidoNet and Internet (see
Internet address) can function without central control
because of this trait; they both rely on and reinforce a sense
of community that may be hackerdom's most valuable intangible
asset.
(1995-12-18)
|
hacker ethic
(jargon) | hacker ethic
n.
1. The belief that information-sharing is a powerful positive good, and
that it is an ethical duty of hackers to share their expertise by writing
open-source code and facilitating access to information and to computing
resources wherever possible.
2. The belief that system-cracking for fun and exploration is ethically OK
as long as the cracker commits no theft, vandalism, or breach of
confidentiality.
Both of these normative ethical principles are widely, but by no means
universally, accepted among hackers. Most hackers subscribe to the hacker
ethic in sense 1, and many act on it by writing and giving away open-source
software. A few go further and assert that all information should be free
and any proprietary control of it is bad; this is the philosophy behind the
GNU project.
Sense 2 is more controversial: some people consider the act of cracking
itself to be unethical, like breaking and entering. But the belief that
‘ethical’ cracking excludes destruction at least moderates the behavior of
people who see themselves as ‘benign’ crackers (see also samurai, {gray
hat}). On this view, it may be one of the highest forms of hackerly
courtesy to (a) break into a system, and then (b) explain to the sysop,
preferably by email from a superuser account, exactly how it was done and
how the hole can be plugged — acting as an unpaid (and unsolicited) {tiger
team}.
The most reliable manifestation of either version of the hacker ethic is
that almost all hackers are actively willing to share technical tricks,
software, and (where possible) computing resources with other hackers. Huge
cooperative networks such as Usenet, FidoNet and the Internet itself
can function without central control because of this trait; they both rely
on and reinforce a sense of community that may be hackerdom's most valuable
intangible asset.
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