| slovo | definícia |
freight
(mass) | freight
- prepravné, náklad |
freight
(encz) | freight,doprava Zdeněk Brož |
freight
(encz) | freight,dopravné Zdeněk Brož |
freight
(encz) | freight,dopravovat v: Zdeněk Brož |
freight
(encz) | freight,dovozné Zdeněk Brož |
freight
(encz) | freight,náklad n: Zdeněk Brož |
freight
(encz) | freight,nákladní adj: |
freight
(encz) | freight,naložit Zdeněk Brož |
Freight
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\ (fr[=a]t), n. [F. fret, OHG. fr[=e]ht merit,
reward. See Fraught, n.]
1. That with which anything is fraught or laden for
transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a
car on a railroad, etc.; as, a freight of cotton; a full
freight.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Law)
(a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a
ship for the use of what is thus hired.
(b) The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of
goods. --Wharton.
[1913 Webster]
3. Freight transportation, or freight line.
[1913 Webster] |
Freight
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\ (fr[=a]t), a.
Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with
freight; as, a freight car.
[1913 Webster]
Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation
company to receive, forward, or deliver goods.
Freight car. See under Car.
Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; --
called in England goods train.
[1913 Webster] |
Freight
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Freighting.] [Cf. F. freter.]
To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for
transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with
freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.
[1913 Webster] |
freight
(wn) | freight
n 1: goods carried by a large vehicle [syn: cargo, lading,
freight, load, loading, payload, shipment,
consignment]
2: transporting goods commercially at rates cheaper than express
rates [syn: freight, freightage]
3: the charge for transporting something by common carrier; "we
pay the freight"; "the freight rate is usually cheaper" [syn:
freight, freightage, freight rate]
v 1: transport commercially as cargo
2: load with goods for transportation |
FREIGHT
(bouvier) | FREIGHT, mar. law, contracts. The sum agreed on for the hire of a ship,
entirely or in part, for the carriage of goods from one port to another; l3
East, 300, note; but in, its more extensive sense it is applied to all
rewards or compensation paid for the use of ships. 1 Pet. Adm. R. 206; 2
Boulay-Paty, t. 8, s. 1; 2 B. & P. 321; 4 Dall. R. 459; 3 Johns. R. 335; 2
Johns. R. 346; 3 Pardess, n. 705.
2. It will be proper to consider 1. How the amount of freight is to be
fixed. 2. What acts must be done in order to be entitled to freight. 3. Of
the lien of the master or owner.
3. - l. The amount of freight is usually fixed by the agreement of the
parties, and if there be no agreement, the amount is to be ascertained by
the usage of the trade, and the circumstances and reason of the case. 3.
Kent, Com. 173. Pothier is of opinion that when the parties agree as to the
conveyance of the goods, without fixing a price, the master is entitled to
freight at the price usually paid for merchandise of a like quality at the
time and place of shipment, and if the prices vary he is to pay the mean
price. Charte-part, n. 8. But there is a case which authorizes the master to
require the highest price, namely, when goods are put on board without his
knowledge. Id. n. 9. When the merchant hires the whole ship for the entire
voyage, he must pay the freight though he does not fully lade the ship; he
is of course only bound to pay in proportion to the goods he puts on board,
when he does not agree to provide a full cargo. If the merchant agrees to
furnish a return cargo, and he furnishes none, and lets the ship return in
ballast, he must make compensation to the amount of the freight; this is
called dead freight, (q.v.) in contradistinction to freight due for the
actual carriage of goods. Roccus, note 72-75; 1 Pet. Adm. R. 207; 10 East,
530; 2 Vern. R. 210.
4. - 2. The general rule is, that the delivery of the goods at the
place of destination, in fulfillment of the agreement of the charter party,
is required, to entitle the master or owner of the vessel to freight. But to
this rule there are several exceptions.
5.- 1. When a cargo consists of live stock, and some of the animals die
in the course of the voyage, without any fault or negligence of the master
or crew, and there is no express agreement respecting the payment of
freight, it is in general to be paid for all that were put on board; but
when the contract is to pay for the, transportation of them, then no freight
is due for those which die on the voyage. Molloy, b. 2, c. 4, s. 8 Dig. 14,
2, 10; Abb. Ship. 272.
6.-2. An interruption of the regular course of the voyage, happening
without the fault of the owner, does not deprive him of his freight if the
ship afterwards proceed with the cargo to the place of destination, as in
the case of capture and recapture. 3 Rob. Adm. R. 101.
7. - 3. When the ship is forced into a port short of her destination,
and cannot finish the voyage, if the owner of the goods will not allow the
master a reasonable time to repair, or to proceed in another ship, the
master will be entitled to the whole freight; and, if after giving his
consent the master refuse to go on, he is not entitled to freight.
8. - 4. When the merchant accepts of the goods at an intermediate port,
it is the general rule of marine law, that freight is to be paid according
to the proportion of the voyage performed, and the law will imply such
contract. The acceptance must be voluntary, and not, one forced upon the
owner by any illegal or violent proceedings, as, from it, the law implies a
contract that freight pro rata parte itineris shall be accepted and paid. 2
Burr. 883; 7 T. R. 381; Abb. Shipp. part 3, c. 7, s. 13; 3 Binn. 445; 5
Binn. 525; 2 Serg. & Rawle, 229; 1 W. C. C. R. 530; 2 Johns. R. 323; 7
Cranch, R. 358; 6 Cowen, R. 504; Marsh. Ins. 281, 691; 3 Kent, Com. 182;
Com. Dig. Merchant, E 3 a note, pl. 43, and the cases there cited.
9. - 5. When the ship has performed the whole voyage, and has brought
only a part-of her cargo to the place of destination; in this case there is
a difference between a general ship, and a ship chartered for a specific sum
for the whole voyage. In the former case, the freight is to be paid for the
goods which may be, delivered at their place of destination; in the latter
it has been questioned whether the freight could be apportioned, and it
seems, that in such case a partial performance is not sufficient, and that a
special payment cannot be claimed except in special cases. 1 Johns. R. 24; 1
Bulstr. 167; 7 T. R. 381; 2 Campb. N. P. R. 466. These are some of the
exceptions to the general rule, called for by principles of equity, that a
partial performance is not sufficient, and that a partial payment or
rateable freight cannot be claimed.
10. - 6. In general, the master has a lien on the goods, and need not
part with them until the freight is paid; and when the regulations of the
revenue require them to be landed in a public warehouse, the master may
enter them in his own name and preserve the lien. His right to retain the
goods may, however, be waived either by an express agreement at the time of
making the original contract, or by his subsequent agreement or consent.
Vide 18 Johns. R. 157; 4 Cowen, R. 470; 1 Paine's R. 358; 5 Binn. R. 392.
Vide, generally, 13 Vin. Ab. 501 Com. Dig. Merchant, E 3, a; Bac. Ab.
Merchant, D; Marsh. Ins. 91; 10 East, 394 13 East, 300, n.; 3 Kent, Com.
173; 2 Bro. Civ. & Adm. L. 190; Merl. Rep. h.t. Poth. Charte-Partie, h.t.;
Boulay-Paty, h.t.; Pardess. Index, Affretement.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
freight
(mass) | freight
- prepravné, náklad |
airfreight
(encz) | airfreight,letecká doprava nákladu Zdeněk Brožairfreight,poplatek za dopravení letadlem Zdeněk Brož |
cost & freight
(encz) | cost & freight, |
freight
(encz) | freight,doprava Zdeněk Brožfreight,dopravné Zdeněk Brožfreight,dopravovat v: Zdeněk Brožfreight,dovozné Zdeněk Brožfreight,náklad n: Zdeněk Brožfreight,nákladní adj: freight,naložit Zdeněk Brož |
freight agent
(encz) | freight agent, n: |
freight and insurance on merchandise
(encz) | freight and insurance on merchandise, |
freight car
(encz) | freight car,nákladní vůz Zdeněk Brož |
freight charges /rates/
(encz) | freight charges /rates/,dopravní poplatky /sazby/ [eko.] RNDr. Pavel
Piskač |
freight elevator
(encz) | freight elevator, n: |
freight liner
(encz) | freight liner, n: |
freight rate
(encz) | freight rate, n: |
freight train
(encz) | freight train,nákladní vlak Zdeněk Brož |
freightage
(encz) | freightage,dopravné Zdeněk Brožfreightage,dovozné Zdeněk Brož |
freighter
(encz) | freighter,náklaďák n: Zdeněk Brožfreighter,nákladní letadlo Zdeněk Brožfreighter,nákladní loď Zdeněk Brož |
Affreight
(gcide) | Affreight \Af*freight"\, v. t. [Pref. ad- + freight: cf. F.
affr['e]ter. See Freight.]
To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or
freight.
[1913 Webster] |
Affreighter
(gcide) | Affreighter \Af*freight"er\, n.
One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.
[1913 Webster] |
Affreightment
(gcide) | Affreightment \Af*freight"ment\, n. [Cf. F. affr['e]tement.]
The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel,
or some part of it, to convey cargo.
[1913 Webster] |
Dead freight
(gcide) | Dead \Dead\ (d[e^]d), a. [OE. ded, dead, deed, AS. de['a]d; akin
to OS. d[=o]d, D. dood, G. todt, tot, Icel. dau[eth]r, Sw. &
Dan. d["o]d, Goth. daubs; prop. p. p. of an old verb meaning
to die. See Die, and cf. Death.]
1. Deprived of life; -- opposed to alive and living;
reduced to that state of a being in which the organs of
motion and life have irrevocably ceased to perform their
functions; as, a dead tree; a dead man. "The queen, my
lord, is dead." --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
The crew, all except himself, were dead of hunger.
--Arbuthnot.
[1913 Webster]
Seek him with candle, bring him dead or living.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Destitute of life; inanimate; as, dead matter.
[1913 Webster]
3. Resembling death in appearance or quality; without show of
life; deathlike; as, a dead sleep.
[1913 Webster]
4. Still as death; motionless; inactive; useless; as, dead
calm; a dead load or weight.
[1913 Webster]
5. So constructed as not to transmit sound; soundless; as, a
dead floor.
[1913 Webster]
6. Unproductive; bringing no gain; unprofitable; as, dead
capital; dead stock in trade.
[1913 Webster]
7. Lacking spirit; dull; lusterless; cheerless; as, dead eye;
dead fire; dead color, etc.
[1913 Webster]
8. Monotonous or unvaried; as, a dead level or pain; a dead
wall. "The ground is a dead flat." --C. Reade.
[1913 Webster]
9. Sure as death; unerring; fixed; complete; as, a dead shot;
a dead certainty.
[1913 Webster]
I had them a dead bargain. --Goldsmith.
[1913 Webster]
10. Bringing death; deadly. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
11. Wanting in religious spirit and vitality; as, dead faith;
dead works. "Dead in trespasses." --Eph. ii. 1.
[1913 Webster]
12. (Paint.)
(a) Flat; without gloss; -- said of painting which has
been applied purposely to have this effect.
(b) Not brilliant; not rich; thus, brown is a dead color,
as compared with crimson.
[1913 Webster]
13. (Law) Cut off from the rights of a citizen; deprived of
the power of enjoying the rights of property; as, one
banished or becoming a monk is civilly dead.
[1913 Webster]
14. (Mach.) Not imparting motion or power; as, the dead
spindle of a lathe, etc. See Spindle.
[1913 Webster]
15. (Elec.) Carrying no current, or producing no useful
effect; -- said of a conductor in a dynamo or motor, also
of a telegraph wire which has no instrument attached and,
therefore, is not in use.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
16. Out of play; regarded as out of the game; -- said of a
ball, a piece, or a player under certain conditions in
cricket, baseball, checkers, and some other games.
[In golf], a ball is said to lie dead when it lies
so near the hole that the player is certain to hole
it in the next stroke. --Encyc. of
Sport.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead ahead (Naut.), directly ahead; -- said of a ship or
any object, esp. of the wind when blowing from that point
toward which a vessel would go.
Dead angle (Mil.), an angle or space which can not be seen
or defended from behind the parapet.
Dead block, either of two wooden or iron blocks intended to
serve instead of buffers at the end of a freight car.
Dead calm (Naut.), no wind at all.
Dead center, or Dead point (Mach.), either of two points
in the orbit of a crank, at which the crank and connecting
rod lie a straight line. It corresponds to the end of a
stroke; as, A and B are dead centers of the crank
mechanism in which the crank C drives, or is driven by,
the lever L.
Dead color (Paint.), a color which has no gloss upon it.
Dead coloring (Oil paint.), the layer of colors, the
preparation for what is to follow. In modern painting this
is usually in monochrome.
Dead door (Shipbuilding), a storm shutter fitted to the
outside of the quarter-gallery door.
Dead flat (Naut.), the widest or midship frame.
Dead freight (Mar. Law), a sum of money paid by a person
who charters a whole vessel but fails to make out a full
cargo. The payment is made for the unoccupied capacity.
--Abbott.
Dead ground (Mining), the portion of a vein in which there
is no ore.
Dead hand, a hand that can not alienate, as of a person
civilly dead. "Serfs held in dead hand." --Morley. See
Mortmain.
Dead head (Naut.), a rough block of wood used as an anchor
buoy.
Dead heat, a heat or course between two or more race
horses, boats, etc., in which they come out exactly equal,
so that neither wins.
Dead horse, an expression applied to a debt for wages paid
in advance. [Law]
Dead language, a language which is no longer spoken or in
common use by a people, and is known only in writings, as
the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.
Dead plate (Mach.), a solid covering over a part of a fire
grate, to prevent the entrance of air through that part.
Dead pledge, a mortgage. See Mortgage.
Dead point. (Mach.) See Dead center.
Dead reckoning (Naut.), the method of determining the place
of a ship from a record kept of the courses sailed as
given by compass, and the distance made on each course as
found by log, with allowance for leeway, etc., without the
aid of celestial observations.
Dead rise, the transverse upward curvature of a vessel's
floor.
Dead rising, an elliptical line drawn on the sheer plan to
determine the sweep of the floorheads throughout the
ship's length.
Dead-Sea apple. See under Apple.
Dead set. See under Set.
Dead shot.
(a) An unerring marksman.
(b) A shot certain to be made.
Dead smooth, the finest cut made; -- said of files.
Dead wall (Arch.), a blank wall unbroken by windows or
other openings.
Dead water (Naut.), the eddy water closing in under a
ship's stern when sailing.
Dead weight.
(a) A heavy or oppressive burden. --Dryden.
(b) (Shipping) A ship's lading, when it consists of heavy
goods; or, the heaviest part of a ship's cargo.
(c) (Railroad) The weight of rolling stock, the live
weight being the load. --Knight.
Dead wind (Naut.), a wind directly ahead, or opposed to the
ship's course.
To be dead, to die. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
I deme thee, thou must algate be dead. --Chaucer.
Syn: Inanimate; deceased; extinct. See Lifeless.
[1913 Webster] |
Freight agent
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\ (fr[=a]t), a.
Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with
freight; as, a freight car.
[1913 Webster]
Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation
company to receive, forward, or deliver goods.
Freight car. See under Car.
Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; --
called in England goods train.
[1913 Webster] |
Freight car
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\ (fr[=a]t), a.
Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with
freight; as, a freight car.
[1913 Webster]
Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation
company to receive, forward, or deliver goods.
Freight car. See under Car.
Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; --
called in England goods train.
[1913 Webster]Car \Car\, n. [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a
Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf.
Chariot.]
1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but
two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.
[1913 Webster]
2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]
[1913 Webster]
Note: In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway
carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a
goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car
introduced into England from America are called cars;
as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train.
[1913 Webster]
3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor,
dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic].
[1913 Webster]
The gilded car of day. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
The towering car, the sable steeds. --Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great
Bear, or the Dipper.
[1913 Webster]
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
5. The cage of a lift or elevator.
[1913 Webster]
6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a balloon to
contain passengers, ballast, etc.
[1913 Webster]
7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.]
[1913 Webster]
Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device
for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.]
Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power
or locomotive.
Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of
merchandise or other goods. [U. S.]
Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by
railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.]
Horse car, or Street car, an omnibus car, draw by horses
or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.]
Palace car, Drawing-room car, Sleeping car, {Parlor
car}, etc. (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished
for the comfort of travelers.
[1913 Webster] |
freight terminal
(gcide) | Terminal \Ter"mi*nal\, n.
1. That which terminates or ends; termination; extremity.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Eccl.) Either of the ends of the conducting circuit of an
electrical apparatus, as an inductorium, dynamo, or
electric motor, usually provided with binding screws for
the attachment of wires by which a current may be conveyed
into or from the machine; a pole.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Railroads)
(a) The end of a line of railroad, with the switches,
stations, sheds, and other appliances pertaining
thereto.
(b) Any station for the delivery or receipt of freight
lying too far from the main line to be served by mere
sidings.
(c) A rate charged on all freight, independent of the
distance, and supposed to cover the expenses of
station service, as distinct from mileage rate,
generally proportionate to the distance and intended
to cover movement expenses; a terminal charge.
(d) A town lying at the end of a railroad, in which the
terminal is located; -- more properly called a
terminus.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
4. The station at either end of a bus line line which
transports freight or passengers.
[PJC]
5. A station where passenger buses start or end a trip; --
also called bus terminal.
[PJC]
6. The structure at an airport where passengers board or
debark, and where ticket purchases and baggage pickup is
performed; -- also called airline terminal.
[PJC]
7. (Computers) An electronic device where data may be entered
into a computer, and information received from it, usually
consisting of a keyboard and video display unit (monitor);
the terminal may be integrated or connected directly to a
computer, or connected by a communications circuit with a
computer at a remote location; -- also called computer
terminal.
[PJC]
freight terminal, a terminal used for loading or unloading
of freight.
[PJC] |
Freight train
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\ (fr[=a]t), a.
Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with
freight; as, a freight car.
[1913 Webster]
Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation
company to receive, forward, or deliver goods.
Freight car. See under Car.
Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; --
called in England goods train.
[1913 Webster] |
Freightage
(gcide) | Freightage \Freight"age\ (fr[=a]t"[asl]j; 48), n.
1. The charge for transportation; the expense of carriage.
[1913 Webster]
2. The transportation of freight.
[1913 Webster]
3. Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.
[1913 Webster] |
Freighted
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Freighting.] [Cf. F. freter.]
To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for
transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with
freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.
[1913 Webster] |
Freighter
(gcide) | Freighter \Freight"er\, n.
1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a
ship.
[1913 Webster]
2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.
[1913 Webster]
3. One for whom freight is transported.
[1913 Webster]
4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.
[1913 Webster] |
Freighting
(gcide) | Freight \Freight\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Freighting.] [Cf. F. freter.]
To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for
transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with
freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.
[1913 Webster] |
Freightless
(gcide) | Freightless \Freight"less\, a.
Destitute of freight.
[1913 Webster] |
Overfreight
(gcide) | Overfreight \O`ver*freight"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Overfreighted (Overfraught, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Overfreighting.]
To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too
heavily; to overload.
[1913 Webster] |
Overfreighted
(gcide) | Overfreight \O`ver*freight"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Overfreighted (Overfraught, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Overfreighting.]
To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too
heavily; to overload.
[1913 Webster] |
Overfreighting
(gcide) | Overfreight \O`ver*freight"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Overfreighted (Overfraught, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Overfreighting.]
To put too much freight in or upon; to load too full, or too
heavily; to overload.
[1913 Webster] |
transfreight
(gcide) | Transfrete \Trans*frete"\, v. i. [L. transfretare; trans across,
over + fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.]
To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also
transfreight.] [Obs.] --E. Hall.
[1913 Webster] TransfugeTransfreight \Trans*freight"\, v. i.
To transfrete. [Obs.] --Waterhouse.
[1913 Webster] |
Transfreight
(gcide) | Transfrete \Trans*frete"\, v. i. [L. transfretare; trans across,
over + fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.]
To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also
transfreight.] [Obs.] --E. Hall.
[1913 Webster] TransfugeTransfreight \Trans*freight"\, v. i.
To transfrete. [Obs.] --Waterhouse.
[1913 Webster] |
air-freight
(wn) | air-freight
v 1: transport (cargo) by air [syn: air-ship, airfreight,
air-freight] |
airfreight
(wn) | airfreight
v 1: transport (cargo) by air [syn: air-ship, airfreight,
air-freight] |
freight
(wn) | freight
n 1: goods carried by a large vehicle [syn: cargo, lading,
freight, load, loading, payload, shipment,
consignment]
2: transporting goods commercially at rates cheaper than express
rates [syn: freight, freightage]
3: the charge for transporting something by common carrier; "we
pay the freight"; "the freight rate is usually cheaper" [syn:
freight, freightage, freight rate]
v 1: transport commercially as cargo
2: load with goods for transportation |
freight agent
(wn) | freight agent
n 1: an employee of a freight carrier who directs the receipt
and delivery of goods |
freight car
(wn) | freight car
n 1: a railway car that carries freight |
freight elevator
(wn) | freight elevator
n 1: an elevator designed for carrying freight [syn: {freight
elevator}, service elevator] |
freight liner
(wn) | freight liner
n 1: a long-distance express freight train between industrial
centers and seaports with facilities for rapid loading and
unloading of goods [syn: freight liner, liner train] |
freight rate
(wn) | freight rate
n 1: the charge for transporting something by common carrier;
"we pay the freight"; "the freight rate is usually cheaper"
[syn: freight, freightage, freight rate] |
freight train
(wn) | freight train
n 1: a railroad train consisting of freight cars [syn: {freight
train}, rattler] |
freightage
(wn) | freightage
n 1: the charge for transporting something by common carrier;
"we pay the freight"; "the freight rate is usually cheaper"
[syn: freight, freightage, freight rate]
2: transporting goods commercially at rates cheaper than express
rates [syn: freight, freightage] |
freighter
(wn) | freighter
n 1: a cargo ship; "they did much of their overseas trade in
foreign bottoms" [syn: bottom, freighter,
merchantman, merchant ship] |
AFFREIGHTMENT
(bouvier) | AFFREIGHTMENT, Com. law. The contract by which a vessel or the use of it, is
let out to hire. See Freight; General ship.
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DEAD FREIGHT
(bouvier) | DEAD FREIGHT, contracts. When the charterer of a vessel has shipped part of
the goods on board, and is not ready to ship the remainder, the master,
unless restrained by his special contract, may take other goods on board,
and the amount which is not supplied, required to complete the cargo, is
called dead freight.
2. The dead freight is to be calculated according to the actual
capacity of the vessel. 3 Chit. Com. Law; 399 Stark. 450.
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FREIGHT
(bouvier) | FREIGHT, mar. law, contracts. The sum agreed on for the hire of a ship,
entirely or in part, for the carriage of goods from one port to another; l3
East, 300, note; but in, its more extensive sense it is applied to all
rewards or compensation paid for the use of ships. 1 Pet. Adm. R. 206; 2
Boulay-Paty, t. 8, s. 1; 2 B. & P. 321; 4 Dall. R. 459; 3 Johns. R. 335; 2
Johns. R. 346; 3 Pardess, n. 705.
2. It will be proper to consider 1. How the amount of freight is to be
fixed. 2. What acts must be done in order to be entitled to freight. 3. Of
the lien of the master or owner.
3. - l. The amount of freight is usually fixed by the agreement of the
parties, and if there be no agreement, the amount is to be ascertained by
the usage of the trade, and the circumstances and reason of the case. 3.
Kent, Com. 173. Pothier is of opinion that when the parties agree as to the
conveyance of the goods, without fixing a price, the master is entitled to
freight at the price usually paid for merchandise of a like quality at the
time and place of shipment, and if the prices vary he is to pay the mean
price. Charte-part, n. 8. But there is a case which authorizes the master to
require the highest price, namely, when goods are put on board without his
knowledge. Id. n. 9. When the merchant hires the whole ship for the entire
voyage, he must pay the freight though he does not fully lade the ship; he
is of course only bound to pay in proportion to the goods he puts on board,
when he does not agree to provide a full cargo. If the merchant agrees to
furnish a return cargo, and he furnishes none, and lets the ship return in
ballast, he must make compensation to the amount of the freight; this is
called dead freight, (q.v.) in contradistinction to freight due for the
actual carriage of goods. Roccus, note 72-75; 1 Pet. Adm. R. 207; 10 East,
530; 2 Vern. R. 210.
4. - 2. The general rule is, that the delivery of the goods at the
place of destination, in fulfillment of the agreement of the charter party,
is required, to entitle the master or owner of the vessel to freight. But to
this rule there are several exceptions.
5.- 1. When a cargo consists of live stock, and some of the animals die
in the course of the voyage, without any fault or negligence of the master
or crew, and there is no express agreement respecting the payment of
freight, it is in general to be paid for all that were put on board; but
when the contract is to pay for the, transportation of them, then no freight
is due for those which die on the voyage. Molloy, b. 2, c. 4, s. 8 Dig. 14,
2, 10; Abb. Ship. 272.
6.-2. An interruption of the regular course of the voyage, happening
without the fault of the owner, does not deprive him of his freight if the
ship afterwards proceed with the cargo to the place of destination, as in
the case of capture and recapture. 3 Rob. Adm. R. 101.
7. - 3. When the ship is forced into a port short of her destination,
and cannot finish the voyage, if the owner of the goods will not allow the
master a reasonable time to repair, or to proceed in another ship, the
master will be entitled to the whole freight; and, if after giving his
consent the master refuse to go on, he is not entitled to freight.
8. - 4. When the merchant accepts of the goods at an intermediate port,
it is the general rule of marine law, that freight is to be paid according
to the proportion of the voyage performed, and the law will imply such
contract. The acceptance must be voluntary, and not, one forced upon the
owner by any illegal or violent proceedings, as, from it, the law implies a
contract that freight pro rata parte itineris shall be accepted and paid. 2
Burr. 883; 7 T. R. 381; Abb. Shipp. part 3, c. 7, s. 13; 3 Binn. 445; 5
Binn. 525; 2 Serg. & Rawle, 229; 1 W. C. C. R. 530; 2 Johns. R. 323; 7
Cranch, R. 358; 6 Cowen, R. 504; Marsh. Ins. 281, 691; 3 Kent, Com. 182;
Com. Dig. Merchant, E 3 a note, pl. 43, and the cases there cited.
9. - 5. When the ship has performed the whole voyage, and has brought
only a part-of her cargo to the place of destination; in this case there is
a difference between a general ship, and a ship chartered for a specific sum
for the whole voyage. In the former case, the freight is to be paid for the
goods which may be, delivered at their place of destination; in the latter
it has been questioned whether the freight could be apportioned, and it
seems, that in such case a partial performance is not sufficient, and that a
special payment cannot be claimed except in special cases. 1 Johns. R. 24; 1
Bulstr. 167; 7 T. R. 381; 2 Campb. N. P. R. 466. These are some of the
exceptions to the general rule, called for by principles of equity, that a
partial performance is not sufficient, and that a partial payment or
rateable freight cannot be claimed.
10. - 6. In general, the master has a lien on the goods, and need not
part with them until the freight is paid; and when the regulations of the
revenue require them to be landed in a public warehouse, the master may
enter them in his own name and preserve the lien. His right to retain the
goods may, however, be waived either by an express agreement at the time of
making the original contract, or by his subsequent agreement or consent.
Vide 18 Johns. R. 157; 4 Cowen, R. 470; 1 Paine's R. 358; 5 Binn. R. 392.
Vide, generally, 13 Vin. Ab. 501 Com. Dig. Merchant, E 3, a; Bac. Ab.
Merchant, D; Marsh. Ins. 91; 10 East, 394 13 East, 300, n.; 3 Kent, Com.
173; 2 Bro. Civ. & Adm. L. 190; Merl. Rep. h.t. Poth. Charte-Partie, h.t.;
Boulay-Paty, h.t.; Pardess. Index, Affretement.
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FREIGHTER
(bouvier) | FREIGHTER, contracts. He to whom a ship or vessel has been hired. 3 Kent,
Com. 173; 3 Pardess. n. 704.
2. The freighter is entitled to the enjoyment of the vessel according
to contract, and the vessel hired is the only one that he is bound to take
there can, therefore, be no substitution without his consent. When the
vessel has been chartered only in part, the freighter is only entitled to
the space he has contracted for; and in case of his occupying more room or
putting on board a greater weight, he must pay freight on the principles
mentioned under the article of freight.
3. The freighter is required to use the vessel agreeably to the
provisions of the charter party, or, in the absence of any such provisions,
according to the usages of trade he cannot load the vessel with merchandise
which would render it liable to condemnation for violating the laws of a
foreign state. 3 John. R. 105. The freighter is also required to return the
vessel as soon as the time for which he chartered her has expired, and to
pay the freight.
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