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motorola 6800
(foldoc) | Motorola 6800
6800
A microprocessor released shortly after the
Intel 8080, in about 1975. It had 78 instructions,
including the undocumented HCF (Halt and Catch Fire) bus
test instruction. The 6800 evolved into the Motorola 6801
and 6803.
The 6502 was based on the design of the 6800 but had one
less data register and one more index register.
(1994-10-31)
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motorola 68000
(foldoc) | Motorola 68000
68000
MC68000
(MC68000) The first member of Motorola, Inc.'s
family of 16- and 32-bit microprocessors. The successor to
the Motorola 6809 and followed by the Motorola 68010.
The 68000 has 32-bit registers but only a 16-bit ALU and
external data bus. It has 24-bit addressing and a {linear
address space}, with none of the evil segment registers of
Intel's contemporary processors that make programming them
unpleasant. That means that a single directly accessed
array or structure can be larger than 64KB in size.
Addresses are computed as 32 bit, but the top 8 bits are cut
to fit the address bus into a 64-pin package (address and data
share a bus in the 40 pin packages of the 8086 and {Zilog
Z8000}).
The 68000 has sixteen 32-bit registers, split into data and
address registers. One address register is reserved for the
Stack Pointer. Any register, of either type, can be used
for any function except direct addressing. Only address
registers can be used as the source of an address, but data
registers can provide the offset from an address.
Like the Zilog Z8000, the 68000 features a supervisor and
user mode, each with its own Stack Pointer. The {Zilog
Z8000} and 68000 are similar in capabilities, but the 68000 is
32 bits internally, making it faster and eliminating forced
segmentations.
Like many other CPUs of its generation, it can fetch the next
instruction during execution (2 stage pipeline).
The 68000 was used in many workstations, notably early
Sun-2 machines, and personal computers, notably {Apple
Computer}'s first Macintoshes and the Amiga. It was also
used in most of Sega's early arcade machines, and in the
Genesis/Megadrive consoles.
Variants of the 68000 include the 68HC000 (a low-power HCMOS
implementation) and the 68008 (an eight-bit data bus version
used in the Sinclair QL).
["The 68000: Principles and Programming", Leo Scanlon, 1981].
(2003-07-11)
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