| slovo | definícia |
nitro
(gcide) | nitro \ni"tro\n. [By shortening of nitroglycerin.]
Nitroglycerin.
[PJC] |
nitro-
(gcide) | nitro- \ni"tro-\pref.
1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of
niter.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively)
designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids;
as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the
group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene
(C6H5.NO2).
[1913 Webster]
Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.
[1913 Webster] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
blood urea nitrogen
(gcide) | BUN \BUN\ n. [acronym] (Med.)
same as
blood urea nitrogen; the concentration of nitrogen in blood
present in the form of urea; -- used as a measure of
kidney function.
Note: Blood usually contains 10 to 15 mg of nitrogen per 100
ml in the form of urea. --Stedman.
[PJC] |
Hyponitrous
(gcide) | Hyponitrous \Hy`po*ni"trous\, a. [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.]
(Chem.)
Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence
than in nitrous compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH,
whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates,
although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state
except as a solution in water; -- called also {nitrosylic
acid}.
[1913 Webster] |
Hyponitrous acid
(gcide) | Hyponitrous \Hy`po*ni"trous\, a. [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.]
(Chem.)
Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence
than in nitrous compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH,
whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates,
although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state
except as a solution in water; -- called also {nitrosylic
acid}.
[1913 Webster] |
hyponitrous oxide
(gcide) | Protoxide \Pro*tox"ide\, n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.]
(Chem.)
That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion
of oxygen. See Proto-, 2
(b) .
[1913 Webster]
protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called
hyponitrous oxide. See under Laughing.
[1913 Webster] |
Isonitroso-
(gcide) | Isonitroso- \I`so*ni*tro"so-\ [Iso- + nitroso-.] (Chem.)
A combining form (also used adjectively), signifying:
Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic,
nitrogenous radical, NOH, called the isonitroso group.
[1913 Webster] |
nitro
(gcide) | nitro \ni"tro\n. [By shortening of nitroglycerin.]
Nitroglycerin.
[PJC]nitro- \ni"tro-\pref.
1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of
niter.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively)
designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids;
as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the
group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene
(C6H5.NO2).
[1913 Webster]
Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.
[1913 Webster] |
nitro-
(gcide) | nitro \ni"tro\n. [By shortening of nitroglycerin.]
Nitroglycerin.
[PJC]nitro- \ni"tro-\pref.
1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of
niter.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively)
designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids;
as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the
group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene
(C6H5.NO2).
[1913 Webster]
Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitro group
(gcide) | nitro- \ni"tro-\pref.
1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of
niter.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively)
designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids;
as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the
group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene
(C6H5.NO2).
[1913 Webster]
Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.
[1913 Webster]Nitroxyl \Ni*trox"yl\, n. [Nitro- + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)
The group -NO2, usually called the nitro group.
[1913 Webster] |
nitro group
(gcide) | nitro- \ni"tro-\pref.
1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of
niter.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively)
designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids;
as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the
group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene
(C6H5.NO2).
[1913 Webster]
Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.
[1913 Webster]Nitroxyl \Ni*trox"yl\, n. [Nitro- + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)
The group -NO2, usually called the nitro group.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrobacter
(gcide) | Nitrobacter \Nitrobacter\ prop. n.
A genus of rod-shaped soil bacteria.
Syn: genus Nitrobacter.
[WordNet 1.5] |
nitrobacteria
(gcide) | nitrobacteria \nitrobacteria\ n.
Soil bacteria that convert nitrites to nitrates.
Syn: nitric bacteria.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Nitrobacteriaceae
(gcide) | Nitrobacteriaceae \Nitrobacteriaceae\ prop. n.
A natural family of usually rod-shaped bacteria that oxidize
ammonia or nitrites: nitrobacteria.
Syn: family Nitrobacteriaceae.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Nitrobenzene
(gcide) | Nitrobenzene \Ni`tro*ben"zene\ (? or ?), n. [Nitro- + benzene.]
(Chem.)
A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action
of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor
imitation oil of bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane.
It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large
quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called
also nitrobenzol.
[1913 Webster] Nitrobenzol |
nitrobenzol
(gcide) | Nitrobenzene \Ni`tro*ben"zene\ (? or ?), n. [Nitro- + benzene.]
(Chem.)
A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action
of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor
imitation oil of bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane.
It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large
quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called
also nitrobenzol.
[1913 Webster] NitrobenzolNitrobenzol \Ni`tro*ben"zol\, Nitrobenzole \Ni`tro*ben"zole\, (?
or ?), n.
See Nitrobenzene.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrobenzol
(gcide) | Nitrobenzene \Ni`tro*ben"zene\ (? or ?), n. [Nitro- + benzene.]
(Chem.)
A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action
of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor
imitation oil of bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane.
It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large
quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called
also nitrobenzol.
[1913 Webster] NitrobenzolNitrobenzol \Ni`tro*ben"zol\, Nitrobenzole \Ni`tro*ben"zole\, (?
or ?), n.
See Nitrobenzene.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrobenzole
(gcide) | Nitrobenzol \Ni`tro*ben"zol\, Nitrobenzole \Ni`tro*ben"zole\, (?
or ?), n.
See Nitrobenzene.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrocalcite
(gcide) | Nitrocalcite \Ni`tro*cal"cite\, n. [Nitro- + calcite.] (Min.)
Nitrate of calcium, a substance having a grayish white color,
occuring in efflorescences on old walls, and in limestone
caves, especially where there exists decaying animal matter.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrocarbol
(gcide) | Nitrocarbol \Ni`tro*car"bol\, n. [Nitro- + carbon + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.)
See Nitromethane.
[1913 Webster]Nitromethane \Ni`tro*meth"ane\, n. [Nitro- + methane.] (Chem.)
A nitro derivative of methane (CH3.NO2), obtained as a
mobile liquid; -- called also nitrocarbol. It has been used
as a rocket fuel and as a gasoline additive to add power to
the fuel, especially in racing cars.
[1913 Webster] |
nitrocarbol
(gcide) | Nitrocarbol \Ni`tro*car"bol\, n. [Nitro- + carbon + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.)
See Nitromethane.
[1913 Webster]Nitromethane \Ni`tro*meth"ane\, n. [Nitro- + methane.] (Chem.)
A nitro derivative of methane (CH3.NO2), obtained as a
mobile liquid; -- called also nitrocarbol. It has been used
as a rocket fuel and as a gasoline additive to add power to
the fuel, especially in racing cars.
[1913 Webster] |
nitrocellulose
(gcide) | Gun \Gun\ (g[u^]n), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin;
cf. Ir., Gael., & LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon)
fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E.
mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.]
1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance;
any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles,
consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which
the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge (such
as guncotton or gunpowder) behind, which is ignited by
various means. Pistols, rifles, carbines, muskets, and
fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are
called small arms. Larger guns are called cannon,
ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc.
See these terms in the Vocabulary.
[1913 Webster]
As swift as a pellet out of a gunne
When fire is in the powder runne. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
The word gun was in use in England for an engine to
cast a thing from a man long before there was any
gunpowder found out. --Selden.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a
cannon.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or
manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore,
breech-loading or muzzle-loading, cast or
built-up guns; or according to their use, as field,
mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns.
[1913 Webster]
Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named
after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong.
Big gun or Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence
(Fig.), a person superior in any way; as, bring in the big
guns to tackle the problem.
Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun.
Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or
moved.
Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of
explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping
cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are
formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the
results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It
burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly
and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity.
Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are
insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the
highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and
cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and
somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded
with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for
making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun
cotton is frequenty but improperly called
nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ester
of nitric acid.
Gun deck. See under Deck.
Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun
is fired.
Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of
copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is
also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron.
Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a
cannon's muzzle is run out for firing.
Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the
side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from
the gun port.
Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two
single blocks and a fall. --Totten.
Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named
after its German inventor, Herr Krupp.
Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns,
mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a
reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the
gun or guns and fired in rapid succession. In earlier
models, such as the Gatling gun, the cartridges were
loaded by machinery operated by turning a crank. In modern
versions the loading of cartidges is accomplished by
levers operated by the recoil of the explosion driving the
bullet, or by the pressure of gas within the barrel.
Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute by such
weapons, with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, {Gardner
gun}, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for
their inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are
machine guns.
To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n.,
3.
[1913 Webster +PJC]Nitrocellulose \Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose`\, n. [Nitro- + cellulose.]
(Chem.)
See Gun cotton, under Gun.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrocellulose
(gcide) | Gun \Gun\ (g[u^]n), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin;
cf. Ir., Gael., & LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon)
fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E.
mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.]
1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance;
any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles,
consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which
the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge (such
as guncotton or gunpowder) behind, which is ignited by
various means. Pistols, rifles, carbines, muskets, and
fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are
called small arms. Larger guns are called cannon,
ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc.
See these terms in the Vocabulary.
[1913 Webster]
As swift as a pellet out of a gunne
When fire is in the powder runne. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
The word gun was in use in England for an engine to
cast a thing from a man long before there was any
gunpowder found out. --Selden.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a
cannon.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or
manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore,
breech-loading or muzzle-loading, cast or
built-up guns; or according to their use, as field,
mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns.
[1913 Webster]
Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named
after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong.
Big gun or Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence
(Fig.), a person superior in any way; as, bring in the big
guns to tackle the problem.
Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun.
Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or
moved.
Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of
explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping
cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are
formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the
results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It
burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly
and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity.
Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are
insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the
highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and
cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and
somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded
with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for
making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun
cotton is frequenty but improperly called
nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ester
of nitric acid.
Gun deck. See under Deck.
Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun
is fired.
Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of
copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is
also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron.
Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a
cannon's muzzle is run out for firing.
Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the
side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from
the gun port.
Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two
single blocks and a fall. --Totten.
Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named
after its German inventor, Herr Krupp.
Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns,
mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a
reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the
gun or guns and fired in rapid succession. In earlier
models, such as the Gatling gun, the cartridges were
loaded by machinery operated by turning a crank. In modern
versions the loading of cartidges is accomplished by
levers operated by the recoil of the explosion driving the
bullet, or by the pressure of gas within the barrel.
Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute by such
weapons, with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, {Gardner
gun}, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for
their inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are
machine guns.
To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n.,
3.
[1913 Webster +PJC]Nitrocellulose \Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose`\, n. [Nitro- + cellulose.]
(Chem.)
See Gun cotton, under Gun.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitro-chloroform
(gcide) | Nitro-chloroform \Ni`tro-chlo"ro*form\, n. [Nitro- +
chloroform.] (Chem.)
Same as Chlorpicrin.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroform
(gcide) | Nitroform \Ni"tro*form\, n. [Nitro- + formyl.] (Chem.)
A nitro derivative of methane, analogous to chloroform,
obtained as a colorless oily or crystalline substance,
CH.(NO2)3, quite explosive, and having well-defined acid
properties.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrogelatin
(gcide) | Nitrogelatin \Ni`tro*gel"a*tin\, n. [Nitro- + gelatin.]
An explosive consisting of gun cotton and camphor dissolved
in nitroglycerin. [Written also nitrogelatine.]
[1913 Webster] |
nitrogelatine
(gcide) | Nitrogelatin \Ni`tro*gel"a*tin\, n. [Nitro- + gelatin.]
An explosive consisting of gun cotton and camphor dissolved
in nitroglycerin. [Written also nitrogelatine.]
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrogen
(gcide) | Nitrogen \Ni`tro*gen\ (n[imac]"tr[-o]*j[e^]n), n. [L. nitrum
natron + -gen: cf. F. nitrog[`e]ne. See Niter.] (Chem.)
A colorless nonmetallic element of atomic number 7, tasteless
and odorless, comprising four fifths of the atmosphere by
volume in the form of molecular nitrogen (N2). It is
chemically very inert in the free state, and as such is
incapable of supporting life (hence the name azote still
used by French chemists); but it forms many important
compounds, such as ammonia, nitric acid, the cyanides, etc,
and is a constituent of all organized living tissues, animal
or vegetable. Symbol N. Atomic weight 14.007. It was formerly
regarded as a permanent noncondensible gas, but was liquefied
in 1877 by Cailletet of Paris, and Pictet of Geneva, and
boils at -195.8 [deg] C at atmospheric pressure. Liquid
nitrogen is used as a refrigerant to store delicate
materials, such as bacteria, cells, and other biological
materials.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
Nitrogenize
(gcide) | Nitrogenize \Ni"tro*gen*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Nitrogenized; p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrogenizing.] (Chem.)
To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrogenized
(gcide) | Nitrogenize \Ni"tro*gen*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Nitrogenized; p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrogenizing.] (Chem.)
To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrogenizing
(gcide) | Nitrogenize \Ni"tro*gen*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Nitrogenized; p. pr. & vb. n. Nitrogenizing.] (Chem.)
To combine, or impregnate, with nitrogen or its compounds.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrogenous
(gcide) | Nitrogenous \Ni*trog"e*nous\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; as, a nitrogenous
principle; nitrogenous compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrogenous foods. See 2d Note under Food, n., 1.
[1913 Webster] Nitroglycerin |
Nitrogenous foods
(gcide) | Nitrogenous \Ni*trog"e*nous\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, nitrogen; as, a nitrogenous
principle; nitrogenous compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrogenous foods. See 2d Note under Food, n., 1.
[1913 Webster] Nitroglycerin |
Nitroglycerin
(gcide) | Nitroglycerin \Ni`tro*glyc"er*in\, Nitroglycerine
\Ni`tro*glyc"er*ine\(n[imac]`tr[-o]*gl[i^]s"[~e]r*[i^]n), n.
[Nitro- + glycerin.] (Chem.)
A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish,
and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of
nitric acid, and hence more properly called {glycerin
nitrate}; also called trinitroglycerin and {glyceryl
trinitrate}. It is made by the action of nitric acid on
glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely
unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is
used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion.
[Written also nitroglycerine.]
[1913 Webster]
Note: A great number of explosive compounds have been
produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different
substances; as, dynamite, or giant powder,
nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth;
lithofracteur, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with
sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia
powder, gunpowder with nitroglycerin; dualin,
nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate
of potassium and some other substances; lignose, wood
fiber and nitroglycerin.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroglycerine
(gcide) | Nitroglycerin \Ni`tro*glyc"er*in\, Nitroglycerine
\Ni`tro*glyc"er*ine\(n[imac]`tr[-o]*gl[i^]s"[~e]r*[i^]n), n.
[Nitro- + glycerin.] (Chem.)
A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish,
and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of
nitric acid, and hence more properly called {glycerin
nitrate}; also called trinitroglycerin and {glyceryl
trinitrate}. It is made by the action of nitric acid on
glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely
unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is
used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion.
[Written also nitroglycerine.]
[1913 Webster]
Note: A great number of explosive compounds have been
produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different
substances; as, dynamite, or giant powder,
nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth;
lithofracteur, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with
sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia
powder, gunpowder with nitroglycerin; dualin,
nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate
of potassium and some other substances; lignose, wood
fiber and nitroglycerin.
[1913 Webster]Explosive \Ex*plo"sive\, n.
1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a
rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, TNT,
dynamite, or nitro-glycerine.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath;
(Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are
sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice.
Note: [See Guide to Pronunciation, [root] 155-7, 184.]
[1913 Webster] |
nitroglycerine
(gcide) | Nitroglycerin \Ni`tro*glyc"er*in\, Nitroglycerine
\Ni`tro*glyc"er*ine\(n[imac]`tr[-o]*gl[i^]s"[~e]r*[i^]n), n.
[Nitro- + glycerin.] (Chem.)
A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish,
and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of
nitric acid, and hence more properly called {glycerin
nitrate}; also called trinitroglycerin and {glyceryl
trinitrate}. It is made by the action of nitric acid on
glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely
unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is
used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion.
[Written also nitroglycerine.]
[1913 Webster]
Note: A great number of explosive compounds have been
produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different
substances; as, dynamite, or giant powder,
nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth;
lithofracteur, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with
sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia
powder, gunpowder with nitroglycerin; dualin,
nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate
of potassium and some other substances; lignose, wood
fiber and nitroglycerin.
[1913 Webster]Explosive \Ex*plo"sive\, n.
1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a
rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, TNT,
dynamite, or nitro-glycerine.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath;
(Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are
sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice.
Note: [See Guide to Pronunciation, [root] 155-7, 184.]
[1913 Webster] |
nitro-glycerine
(gcide) | Nitroglycerin \Ni`tro*glyc"er*in\, Nitroglycerine
\Ni`tro*glyc"er*ine\(n[imac]`tr[-o]*gl[i^]s"[~e]r*[i^]n), n.
[Nitro- + glycerin.] (Chem.)
A liquid appearing like a heavy oil, colorless or yellowish,
and consisting of a mixture of several glycerin salts of
nitric acid, and hence more properly called {glycerin
nitrate}; also called trinitroglycerin and {glyceryl
trinitrate}. It is made by the action of nitric acid on
glycerin in the presence of sulphuric acid. It is extremely
unstable and terribly explosive. A very dilute solution is
used in medicine as a neurotic under the name of glonion.
[Written also nitroglycerine.]
[1913 Webster]
Note: A great number of explosive compounds have been
produced by mixing nitroglycerin with different
substances; as, dynamite, or giant powder,
nitroglycerin mixed with siliceous earth;
lithofracteur, nitroglycerin with gunpowder, or with
sawdust and nitrate of sodium or barium; Colonia
powder, gunpowder with nitroglycerin; dualin,
nitroglycerin with sawdust, or with sawdust and nitrate
of potassium and some other substances; lignose, wood
fiber and nitroglycerin.
[1913 Webster]Explosive \Ex*plo"sive\, n.
1. An explosive agent; a compound or mixture susceptible of a
rapid chemical reaction, as gunpowder, TNT,
dynamite, or nitro-glycerine.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. A sound produced by an explosive impulse of the breath;
(Phonetics) one of consonants p, b, t, d, k, g, which are
sounded with a sort of explosive power of voice.
Note: [See Guide to Pronunciation, [root] 155-7, 184.]
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrohydrochloric
(gcide) | Nitrohydrochloric \Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric\, a. [Nitro- +
hydrochloric.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric
acids.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrohydrochloric acid, a mixture of nitric and
hydrochloric acids, usually in the proportion of one part
of the former to three of the latter, and remarkable for
its solvent action on gold and platinum; -- called also
aqua regia, and nitromuriatic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrohydrochloric acid
(gcide) | Nitrohydrochloric \Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric\, a. [Nitro- +
hydrochloric.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric
acids.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrohydrochloric acid, a mixture of nitric and
hydrochloric acids, usually in the proportion of one part
of the former to three of the latter, and remarkable for
its solvent action on gold and platinum; -- called also
aqua regia, and nitromuriatic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrol
(gcide) | Nitrol \Ni"trol\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of a series of hydrocarbons containing the nitro and
the nitroso or isonitroso group united to the same carbon
atom.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroleum
(gcide) | Nitroleum \Ni*tro"le*um\, n. [NL., fr. L. nitrum natron + oleum
oil.] (Chem.)
Nitroglycerin.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrolic
(gcide) | Nitrolic \Ni*trol"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, derived from, or designating, a nitrol; as, a nitrolic
acid.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitromagnesite
(gcide) | Nitromagnesite \Ni`tro*mag"ne*site\, n. [Nitro- + magnesite.]
(Chem.)
Nitrate of magnesium, a saline efflorescence closely
resembling nitrate of calcium.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrometer
(gcide) | Nitrometer \Ni*trom"e*ter\, n. [Nitro- + -meter: cf. F.
nitrom[`e]tre.] (Chem.)
An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some
of its compounds in any substance subjected to analysis; an
azotometer.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitromethane
(gcide) | Nitromethane \Ni`tro*meth"ane\, n. [Nitro- + methane.] (Chem.)
A nitro derivative of methane (CH3.NO2), obtained as a
mobile liquid; -- called also nitrocarbol. It has been used
as a rocket fuel and as a gasoline additive to add power to
the fuel, especially in racing cars.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitromuriatic
(gcide) | Nitromuriatic \Ni`tro*mu`ri*at"ic\, a. [Cf. F. nitromuriatique.
See Nitro-, and Muriatic.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or composed of, nitric acid and muriatic
acid; nitrohydrochloric. See Nitrohydrochloric.
[1913 Webster] |
nitromuriatic acid
(gcide) | Nitrohydrochloric \Ni`tro*hy`dro*chlo"ric\, a. [Nitro- +
hydrochloric.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitric and hydrochloric
acids.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrohydrochloric acid, a mixture of nitric and
hydrochloric acids, usually in the proportion of one part
of the former to three of the latter, and remarkable for
its solvent action on gold and platinum; -- called also
aqua regia, and nitromuriatic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrophnol
(gcide) | Nitrophnol \Ni`tro*ph"nol\, n. [Nitro- + phenol.] (Chem.)
Any one of a series of nitro derivatives of phenol. They are
yellow oily or crystalline substances and have well-defined
acid properties, as picric acid.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroprussic
(gcide) | Nitroprussic \Ni`tro*prus"sic\ (? or ?), a. [Nitro- + prussic.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a complex acid
called nitroprussic acid, obtained indirectly by the action
of nitric acid on potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate),
as a red crystalline unstable substance. It forms salts
called nitroprussides, which give a rich purple color with
alkaline sulphides.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroprusside
(gcide) | Nitroprusside \Ni`tro*prus"side\, n.
See Nitroprussic.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroquinol
(gcide) | Nitroquinol \Ni`tro*qui"nol\, n. [Nitro- + quine + -ol.] (Chem.)
A hypothetical nitro derivative of quinol or hydroquinone,
not known in the free state, but forming a well defined
series of derivatives.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrosaccharin
(gcide) | Nitrosaccharin \Ni`tro*sac"cha*rin\, n. [Nitro- + saccharin.]
(Chem.)
An explosive nitro derivative of certain sugars, analogous to
nitroglycerin, gun cotton, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrosalicylic
(gcide) | Nitrosalicylic \Ni`tro*sal`i*cyl"ic\, a. [Nitro- + salicylic.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a nitro derivative of
salicylic acid, called also anilic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrose
(gcide) | Nitrose \Ni*trose"\, a. (Chem.)
See Nitrous.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroso-
(gcide) | Nitroso- \Ni*tro"so-\
(? or ?). (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively)
designating the group or radical -NO, called the nitroso
group, or its compounds.
[1913 Webster] |
nitroso group
(gcide) | Nitrosyl \Ni*tro"syl\, n. [Nitroso- + -yl.] (Chem.)
The radical -NO, called also the nitroso group. The term
is sometimes loosely used to designate certain nitro
compounds; as, nitrosyl sulphuric acid. Used also
adjectively.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrosyl
(gcide) | Nitrosyl \Ni*tro"syl\, n. [Nitroso- + -yl.] (Chem.)
The radical -NO, called also the nitroso group. The term
is sometimes loosely used to designate certain nitro
compounds; as, nitrosyl sulphuric acid. Used also
adjectively.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrosylic
(gcide) | Nitrosylic \Ni`tro*syl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrosyl; as, nitrosylic
acid.
[1913 Webster] |
nitrosylic acid
(gcide) | Hyponitrous \Hy`po*ni"trous\, a. [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.]
(Chem.)
Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence
than in nitrous compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH,
whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates,
although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state
except as a solution in water; -- called also {nitrosylic
acid}.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrous
(gcide) | Nitrous \Ni"trous\, a. [L. nitrosus full of natron: cf. F.
nitreux. See Niter.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of
niter, or resembling it.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of
those compounds in which nitrogen has a relatively lower
valence as contrasted with nitric compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrous acid (Chem.), a hypothetical acid of nitrogen
HNO2, not known in the free state, but forming a well
known series of salts, viz., the nitrites.
Nitrous oxide. See Laughing gas.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrous acid
(gcide) | Nitrous \Ni"trous\, a. [L. nitrosus full of natron: cf. F.
nitreux. See Niter.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of
niter, or resembling it.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of
those compounds in which nitrogen has a relatively lower
valence as contrasted with nitric compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrous acid (Chem.), a hypothetical acid of nitrogen
HNO2, not known in the free state, but forming a well
known series of salts, viz., the nitrites.
Nitrous oxide. See Laughing gas.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitrous oxide
(gcide) | Nitrous \Ni"trous\, a. [L. nitrosus full of natron: cf. F.
nitreux. See Niter.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, niter; of the quality of
niter, or resembling it.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of
those compounds in which nitrogen has a relatively lower
valence as contrasted with nitric compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrous acid (Chem.), a hypothetical acid of nitrogen
HNO2, not known in the free state, but forming a well
known series of salts, viz., the nitrites.
Nitrous oxide. See Laughing gas.
[1913 Webster] |
nitroxyl
(gcide) | nitro- \ni"tro-\pref.
1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of
niter.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively)
designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids;
as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the
group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene
(C6H5.NO2).
[1913 Webster]
Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.
[1913 Webster]Nitroxyl \Ni*trox"yl\, n. [Nitro- + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)
The group -NO2, usually called the nitro group.
[1913 Webster] |
Nitroxyl
(gcide) | nitro- \ni"tro-\pref.
1. A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of
niter.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A combining form (used also adjectively)
designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids;
as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the
group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene
(C6H5.NO2).
[1913 Webster]
Nitro group, the radical NO2; -- called also nitroxyl.
[1913 Webster]Nitroxyl \Ni*trox"yl\, n. [Nitro- + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)
The group -NO2, usually called the nitro group.
[1913 Webster] |
Nonnitrogenous
(gcide) | Nonnitrogenous \Non`ni*trog"e*nous\, a.
Devoid of nitrogen; as, a nonnitrogenous principle; a
nonnitrogenous food. See the Note under Food, n., 1.
[1913 Webster] |
protoxide of nitrogen
(gcide) | Protoxide \Pro*tox"ide\, n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.]
(Chem.)
That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion
of oxygen. See Proto-, 2
(b) .
[1913 Webster]
protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called
hyponitrous oxide. See under Laughing.
[1913 Webster] |
Spirit of nitrous ether
(gcide) | Spirit \Spir"it\, n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L.
spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. Conspire,
Expire, Esprit, Sprite.]
1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes,
life itself. [Obs.] "All of spirit would deprive."
--Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
The mild air, with season moderate,
Gently attempered, and disposed eo well,
That still it breathed foorth sweet spirit.
--Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a
mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it.
--B. Jonson.
[1913 Webster]
3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of
corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart
from any physical organization or embodiment; vital
essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.
[1913 Webster]
4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the
soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides;
the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions,
whether spiritual or material.
[1913 Webster]
There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the
Almighty giveth them understanding. --Job xxxii.
8.
[1913 Webster]
As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith
without works is dead also. --James ii.
26.
[1913 Webster]
Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing,
doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist.
--Locke.
[1913 Webster]
5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it
has left the body.
[1913 Webster]
Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was,
and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.
--Eccl. xii.
7.
[1913 Webster]
Ye gentle spirits far away,
With whom we shared the cup of grace. --Keble.
[1913 Webster]
6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a
specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an
elf.
[1913 Webster]
Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all
impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark.
--Locke.
[1913 Webster]
7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.
[1913 Webster]
"Write it then, quickly," replied Bede; and
summoning all his spirits together, like the last
blaze of a candle going out, he indited it, and
expired. --Fuller.
[1913 Webster]
8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great
activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper;
as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.
[1913 Webster]
Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I
choose for my judges. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or
disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the
plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be
downhearted, or in bad spirits.
[1913 Webster]
God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a
spirit of pulling down. --South.
[1913 Webster]
A perfect judge will read each work of wit
With the same spirit that its author writ. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to
formal statement; also, characteristic quality,
especially such as is derived from the individual genius
or the personal character; as, the spirit of an
enterprise, of a document, or the like.
[1913 Webster]
11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed
of active qualities.
[1913 Webster]
All bodies have spirits . . . within them. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol,
the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first
distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.
[1913 Webster]
13. pl. Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors
having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt
liquors.
[1913 Webster]
14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf.
Tincture. --U. S. Disp.
[1913 Webster]
15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal
ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some,
orpiment).
[1913 Webster]
The four spirits and the bodies seven. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under Stannic.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming
compounds, generally of obvious signification; as,
spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Astral spirits, Familiar spirits, etc. See under
Astral, Familiar, etc.
Animal spirits.
(a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed
to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as
the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the
nervous fluid, or nervous principle.
(b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness;
sportiveness.
Ardent spirits, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum,
whisky, etc., obtained by distillation.
Holy Spirit, or The Spirit (Theol.), the Spirit of God,
or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The
spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or
animated by the Divine Spirit.
Proof spirit. (Chem.) See under Proof.
Rectified spirit (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more
concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the
percentage of absolute alcohol.
Spirit butterfly (Zool.), any one of numerous species of
delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the
genus Ithomia. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute
of scales.
Spirit duck. (Zool.)
(a) The buffle-headed duck.
(b) The golden-eye.
Spirit lamp (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated
spirit is burned.
Spirit level. See under Level.
Spirit of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) See under Hartshorn.
Spirit of Mindererus (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate
of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of
Augsburg.
Spirit of nitrous ether (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid,
of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with nitric and
sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite
with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used as a
diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also
sweet spirit of niter.
Spirit of salt (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called
because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.]
Spirit of sense, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Spirits of turpentine, or Spirit of turpentine (Chem.),
rectified oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless,
volatile, and very inflammable liquid, distilled from the
turpentine of the various species of pine; camphine. It is
commonly used to remove paint from surfaces, or to dissole
oil-based paint. See Camphine.
Spirit of vitriol (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called
because formerly obtained by the distillation of green
vitriol. [Obs.]
Spirit of vitriolic ether (Chem.) ethyl ether; -- often but
incorrectly called sulphuric ether. See Ether. [Obs.]
Spirits of wine, or Spirit of wine (Chem.), alcohol; --
so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of
wine.
Spirit rapper, one who practices spirit rapping; a "medium"
so called.
Spirit rapping, an alleged form of communication with the
spirits of the dead by raps. See Spiritualism, 3.
Sweet spirit of niter. See Spirit of nitrous ether,
above.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon;
cheerfulness; vivacity; enterprise.
[1913 Webster] |
Trinitrocellulose
(gcide) | Trinitrocellulose \Tri*ni`tro*cel"lu*lose"\, n.
Gun cotton; -- so called because regarded as containing three
nitro groups.
[1913 Webster] |
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