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Polar distance
(gcide) | Polar \Po"lar\, a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.]
1. Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a
sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the
poles; as, polar regions; polar seas; polar winds.
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2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to
which the magnetic needle is directed.
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3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common
radiating point; as, polar coordinates.
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Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an
equatorial, which is parallel to the earths axis.
Polar bear (Zool.), a large bear (Ursus maritimus syn.
Thalarctos maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions. It
sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs
1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful,
and the most carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is
white, tinged with yellow. Called also White bear. See
Bear.
Polar body, Polar cell, or Polar globule (Biol.), a
minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum
during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova
two polar bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only
one. The first polar body formed is usually larger than
the second one, and often divides into two after its
separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes
maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the
chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozoon; but their
functions are not fully understood.
Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a
distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity
of the ecliptic, or about 23[deg] 28', the northern called
the arctic circle, and the southern the antarctic circle.
Polar clock, a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus,
turning on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and
indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by being
turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the
light of the sky, which is always 90[deg] from the sun.
Polar coordinates. See under 3d Coordinate.
Polar dial, a dial whose plane is parallel to a great
circle passing through the poles of the earth. --Math.
Dict.
Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a
sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly
body from the north pole of the heavens.
Polar equation of a line or Polar equation of a surface,
an equation which expresses the relation between the polar
coordinates of every point of the line or surface.
Polar forces (Physics), forces that are developed and act
in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the
two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc.
Polar hare (Zool.), a large hare of Arctic America ({Lepus
arcticus}), which turns pure white in winter. It is
probably a variety of the common European hare ({Lepus
timidus}).
Polar lights, the aurora borealis or australis.
Polar opposition, or Polaric opposition or {Polar
contrast} or Polaric contrast (Logic), an opposition or
contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions
which are the extremes in a species, as white and black in
colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as
possible.
Polar projection. See under Projection.
Polar spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical triangle
whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a
given triangle. See 4th Pole, 2.
Polar whale (Zool.), the right whale, or bowhead. See
Whale.
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North polar distance
(gcide) | Distance \Dis"tance\, n. [F. distance, L. distantia.]
1. The space between two objects; the length of a line,
especially the shortest line joining two points or things
that are separate; measure of separation in place.
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Every particle attracts every other with a force . .
. inversely proportioned to the square of the
distance. --Sir I.
Newton.
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2. Remoteness of place; a remote place.
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Easily managed from a distance. --W. Irving.
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'T is distance lends enchantment to the view. --T.
Campbell.
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[He] waits at distance till he hears from Cato.
--Addison.
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3. (Racing) A space marked out in the last part of a race
course.
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The horse that ran the whole field out of distance.
--L'Estrange.
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Note: In trotting matches under the rules of the American
Association, the distance varies with the conditions of
the race, being 80 yards in races of mile heats, best
two in three, and 150 yards in races of two-mile heats.
At that distance from the winning post is placed the
distance post. If any horse has not reached this
distance post before the first horse in that heat has
reached the winning post, such horse is distanced, and
disqualified for running again during that race.
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4. (Mil.) Relative space, between troops in ranks, measured
from front to rear; -- contrasted with interval, which
is measured from right to left. "Distance between
companies in close column is twelve yards." --Farrow.
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5. Space between two antagonists in fencing. --Shak.
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6. (Painting) The part of a picture which contains the
representation of those objects which are the farthest
away, esp. in a landscape.
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Note: In a picture, the
Middle distance is the central portion between the
foreground and the distance or the extreme distance. In a
perspective drawing, the
Point of distance is the point where the visual rays meet.
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7. Ideal disjunction; discrepancy; contrariety. --Locke.
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8. Length or interval of time; period, past or future,
between two eras or events.
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Ten years' distance between one and the other.
--Prior.
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The writings of Euclid at the distance of two
thousand years. --Playfair.
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9. The remoteness or reserve which respect requires; hence,
respect; ceremoniousness.
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I hope your modesty
Will know what distance to the crown is due.
--Dryden.
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'T is by respect and distance that authority is
upheld. --Atterbury.
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10. A withholding of intimacy; alienation; coldness;
disagreement; variance; restraint; reserve.
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Setting them [factions] at distance, or at least
distrust amongst themselves. --Bacon.
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On the part of Heaven,
Now alienated, distance and distaste. --Milton.
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11. Remoteness in succession or relation; as, the distance
between a descendant and his ancestor.
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12. (Mus.) The interval between two notes; as, the distance
of a fourth or seventh.
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Angular distance, the distance made at the eye by lines
drawn from the eye to two objects.
Lunar distance. See under Lunar.
North polar distance (Astron.), the distance on the heavens
of a heavenly body from the north pole. It is the
complement of the declination.
Zenith distance (Astron.), the arc on the heavens from a
heavenly body to the zenith of the observer. It is the
complement of the altitude.
To keep one's distance, to stand aloof; to refrain from
familiarity.
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If a man makes me keep my distance, the comfort is
he keeps his at the same time. --Swift.
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