| slovo | definícia |
ratification
(encz) | ratification,ratifikace n: Zdeněk Brož |
Ratification
(gcide) | Ratification \Rat`i*fi*ca"tion\
(r[a^]t`[i^]*f[i^]*k[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F. ratification.]
The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified;
confirmation; sanction; as, the ratification of a treaty.
[1913 Webster] |
ratification
(wn) | ratification
n 1: making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming
it; "the ratification of the treaty"; "confirmation of the
appointment" [syn: ratification, confirmation] |
RATIFICATION
(bouvier) | RATIFICATION, contracts. An agreement to adopt an act performed by another
for us.
2. Ratifications are either empress or implied. The former are made in
express and direct terms of assent; the latter are such as the law presumes
from the acts of the principal; as, if Peter buy goods for James, and the
latter, knowing the fact, receive them and apply them to his own use. By
ratifying a contract a man adopts the agency, altogether, as well what is
detrimental as that which is for his benefit. 2 Str. R. 859; 1 Atk. 128; 4
T. R. 211; 7 East, R. 164; 16 M. R. 105; 1 Ves. 509 Smith on Mer. L. 60;
Story, Ag. Sec. 250 9 B. & Cr. 59.
3. As a general rule, the principal has the right to elect whether he
will adopt the unauthorized act or not. But having once ratified the act,
upon a full knowledge of all the material circumstances, the ratification
cannot be revoked or recalled, and the principal becomes bound as if he had
originally authorized the act. Story, Ag. Sec. 250; Paley, Ag. by Lloyd,
171; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 197.
4. The ratification of a lawful contract has a retrospective effect,
and binds the principal from its date, and not only from the time of the
ratification, for the ratification is equivalent to an original authority,
according to the maxim, that omnis ratihabitio mandate aeguiparatur. Poth.
Ob. n. 75; Ld. Raym. 930; Com. 450; 5 Burr. 2727; 2 H. Bl. 623; 1 B. & P.
316; 13 John.; R. 367; 2 John. Cas. 424; 2 Mass. R. 106.
5. Such ratification will, in general, relieve the agent from all
responsibility on the contract, when be would otherwise have been liable. 2
Brod. & Bing. 452. See 16 Mass. R. 461; 8 Wend. R. 494; 10 Wend. R. 399;
Story, Ag. Sec. 251. Vide Assent, and Ayl. Pand. *386; 18 Vin. Ab. 156; 1
Liv. on, Ag. c. 2, Sec. 4, p. 44, 47; Story on Ag. Sec. 239; 3 Chit. Com. L.
197; Paley on Ag. by Lloyd, 324; Smith on Mer. L. 47, 60; 2 John. Cas. 424;
13 Mass. R. 178; Id. 391; Id. 379; 6 Pick. R. 198; 1 Bro. Ch. R. 101, note;
S. C. Ambl. R. 770; 1 Pet. C. C. R. 72; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.
6. An infant is not liable on his contracts; but if, after coming of
age, he ratify the contract by an actual or express declaration, he will be
bound to perform it, as if it had been made after he attained full age. The
ratification must be voluntary, deliberate, and intelligent, and the party
must know that without it, he would not be bound. 11 S. & R. 305, 311; 3
Penn. St. R. 428. See 12 Conn. 551, 556; 10 Mass. 137,140; 14 Mass. 457; 4
Wend. 403, 405. But a confirmation or ratification of a contract, may be
implied from acts of the infant after he becomes of age; as by enjoying or
claiming a benefit under a contract be might have wholly rescinded; 1 Pick.
221, 22 3; and an infant partner will be liable for the contracts of the
firm, or at least such as were known to him, if he, after becoming of age,
confirm the contract of partnership by transacting business of the firm,
receiving profits, and the like. 2 Hill. So. Car. Rep. 479; 1 B. Moore, 289.
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
gratification
(mass) | gratification
- honorár, uspokojenie, potešenie |
gratification
(encz) | gratification,honorář n: Zdeněk Brožgratification,uspokojení n: Zdeněk Brož |
ratification
(encz) | ratification,ratifikace n: Zdeněk Brož |
self-gratification
(encz) | self-gratification, n: |
social stratification
(encz) | social stratification, n: |
stratification
(encz) | stratification,rozvrstvení n: Zdeněk Brožstratification,stratifikace n: Zdeněk Brož |
temperature stratification
(encz) | temperature stratification,teplotní stratifikace [eko.] RNDr. Pavel
Piskač |
Diagonal stratification
(gcide) | Diagonal \Di*ag"o*nal\, a. [L. diagonalis, fr. Gr. ? from to
angle; dia` through + ? an angle; perh. akin to E. knee: cf.
F. diagonal.] (Geom.)
Joining two not adjacent angles of a quadrilateral or
multilateral figure; running across from corner to corner;
crossing at an angle with one of the sides.
[1913 Webster]
Diagonal bond (Masonry), herringbone work. See
Herringbone, a.
Diagonal built (Shipbuilding), built by forming the outer
skin of two layers of planking, making angles of about
45[deg] with the keel, in opposite directions.
Diagonal cleavage. See under Cleavage.
Diagonal molding (Arch.), a chevron or zigzag molding.
Diagonal rib. (Arch.) See Cross-springer.
Diagonal scale, a scale which consists of a set of parallel
lines, with other lines crossing them obliquely, so that
their intersections furnish smaller subdivisions of the
unit of measure than could be conveniently marked on a
plain scale.
Diagonal stratification. (Geol.) Same as Cross bedding,
under Cross, a.
[1913 Webster] |
Gratification
(gcide) | Gratification \Grat"i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F.
gratification.]
1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the
taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the
palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires,
of the heart.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment;
fruition: delight.
[1913 Webster]
3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. --Bp. Morton.
[1913 Webster] |
Interstratification
(gcide) | Interstratification \In`ter*strat`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. (Geol.)
Stratification among or between other layers or strata; also,
that which is interstratified.
[1913 Webster] |
Stratification
(gcide) | Stratification \Strat`i*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. stratification.]
1. The act or process of laying in strata, or the state of
being laid in the form of strata, or layers.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Physiol.) The deposition of material in successive layers
in the growth of a cell wall, thus giving rise to a
stratified appearance.
[1913 Webster] |
gratification
(wn) | gratification
n 1: state of being gratified or satisfied; "dull repetitious
work gives no gratification"; "to my immense gratification
he arrived on time" [syn: gratification, satisfaction]
2: the act or an instance of satisfying |
ratification
(wn) | ratification
n 1: making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming
it; "the ratification of the treaty"; "confirmation of the
appointment" [syn: ratification, confirmation] |
self-gratification
(wn) | self-gratification
n 1: indiscipline with regard to sensuous pleasures [syn:
dissoluteness, incontinence, self-gratification]
2: the act of satisfying your own desires and giving yourself
pleasure [syn: self-gratification, head trip] |
social stratification
(wn) | social stratification
n 1: the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes
within a group [syn: stratification, {social
stratification}] |
stratification
(wn) | stratification
n 1: the act or process or arranging persons into classes or
social strata
2: the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes
within a group [syn: stratification, {social
stratification}]
3: forming or depositing in layers
4: a layered configuration
5: the placing of seeds in damp sand or sawdust or peat moss in
order to preserve them or promote germination |
RATIFICATION
(bouvier) | RATIFICATION, contracts. An agreement to adopt an act performed by another
for us.
2. Ratifications are either empress or implied. The former are made in
express and direct terms of assent; the latter are such as the law presumes
from the acts of the principal; as, if Peter buy goods for James, and the
latter, knowing the fact, receive them and apply them to his own use. By
ratifying a contract a man adopts the agency, altogether, as well what is
detrimental as that which is for his benefit. 2 Str. R. 859; 1 Atk. 128; 4
T. R. 211; 7 East, R. 164; 16 M. R. 105; 1 Ves. 509 Smith on Mer. L. 60;
Story, Ag. Sec. 250 9 B. & Cr. 59.
3. As a general rule, the principal has the right to elect whether he
will adopt the unauthorized act or not. But having once ratified the act,
upon a full knowledge of all the material circumstances, the ratification
cannot be revoked or recalled, and the principal becomes bound as if he had
originally authorized the act. Story, Ag. Sec. 250; Paley, Ag. by Lloyd,
171; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 197.
4. The ratification of a lawful contract has a retrospective effect,
and binds the principal from its date, and not only from the time of the
ratification, for the ratification is equivalent to an original authority,
according to the maxim, that omnis ratihabitio mandate aeguiparatur. Poth.
Ob. n. 75; Ld. Raym. 930; Com. 450; 5 Burr. 2727; 2 H. Bl. 623; 1 B. & P.
316; 13 John.; R. 367; 2 John. Cas. 424; 2 Mass. R. 106.
5. Such ratification will, in general, relieve the agent from all
responsibility on the contract, when be would otherwise have been liable. 2
Brod. & Bing. 452. See 16 Mass. R. 461; 8 Wend. R. 494; 10 Wend. R. 399;
Story, Ag. Sec. 251. Vide Assent, and Ayl. Pand. *386; 18 Vin. Ab. 156; 1
Liv. on, Ag. c. 2, Sec. 4, p. 44, 47; Story on Ag. Sec. 239; 3 Chit. Com. L.
197; Paley on Ag. by Lloyd, 324; Smith on Mer. L. 47, 60; 2 John. Cas. 424;
13 Mass. R. 178; Id. 391; Id. 379; 6 Pick. R. 198; 1 Bro. Ch. R. 101, note;
S. C. Ambl. R. 770; 1 Pet. C. C. R. 72; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.
6. An infant is not liable on his contracts; but if, after coming of
age, he ratify the contract by an actual or express declaration, he will be
bound to perform it, as if it had been made after he attained full age. The
ratification must be voluntary, deliberate, and intelligent, and the party
must know that without it, he would not be bound. 11 S. & R. 305, 311; 3
Penn. St. R. 428. See 12 Conn. 551, 556; 10 Mass. 137,140; 14 Mass. 457; 4
Wend. 403, 405. But a confirmation or ratification of a contract, may be
implied from acts of the infant after he becomes of age; as by enjoying or
claiming a benefit under a contract be might have wholly rescinded; 1 Pick.
221, 22 3; and an infant partner will be liable for the contracts of the
firm, or at least such as were known to him, if he, after becoming of age,
confirm the contract of partnership by transacting business of the firm,
receiving profits, and the like. 2 Hill. So. Car. Rep. 479; 1 B. Moore, 289.
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RATIFICATION OF TREATIES
(bouvier) | RATIFICATION OF TREATIES. The constitution of the United States, art. 2, s.
2, declares that the president shall have power, by and with the advice and
consent of the senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators
present concur. 2. So treaty is therefore of any validity to bind the nation
unless it has been ratified by two-thirds of the members present in the
senate at the time its expediency or propriety may have been discussed. Vide
Treaty.
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