| slovo | definícia |
solar
(encz) | solar,podkrovní místnost n: [neobv.] [zast.] ve středověké
angličtině Lukáš Jirkovský |
solar
(encz) | solar,sluneční adj: fous |
Solar
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, n. [OE. soler, AS. solere, L. solarium, from sol
the sun. See Solar, a.]
A loft or upper chamber; a garret room. [Obs.] [Written also
soler, solere, sollar.] --Oxf. Gloss.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
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And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
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3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
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4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
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They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
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Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
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Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
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solar
(wn) | solar
adj 1: relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the
energies of the sun; "solar eclipse"; "solar energy" |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
active solar energy
(encz) | active solar energy,aktivní solární energie [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
erythema solare
(encz) | erythema solare, n: |
extrasolar
(encz) | extrasolar, |
lunisolar
(encz) | lunisolar, adj: |
lunisolar calendar
(encz) | lunisolar calendar, n: |
mean solar day
(encz) | mean solar day, n: |
mean solar time
(encz) | mean solar time, n: |
passive solar energy
(encz) | passive solar energy,pasivní solární energie [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
solar
(encz) | solar,podkrovní místnost n: [neobv.] [zast.] ve středověké
angličtině Lukáš Jirkovskýsolar,sluneční adj: fous |
solar activity
(encz) | solar activity,sluneční aktivita [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
solar apex
(encz) | solar apex, n: |
solar array
(encz) | solar array, n: |
solar battery
(encz) | solar battery,solární baterie n: [tech.] el.zdroj fous |
solar calendar
(encz) | solar calendar, n: |
solar cell
(encz) | solar cell,sluneční baterie Zdeněk Brožsolar cell,sluneční článek Zdeněk Brožsolar cell,solární článek Zdeněk Brož |
solar collector
(encz) | solar collector,solární kolektor [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
solar constant
(encz) | solar constant, n: |
solar day
(encz) | solar day, n: |
solar dish
(encz) | solar dish, n: |
solar eclipse
(encz) | solar eclipse, n: |
solar energy
(encz) | solar energy,sluneční energie Zdeněk Brož |
solar flare
(encz) | solar flare,sluneční erupce Zdeněk Brož |
solar furnace
(encz) | solar furnace,solární pec [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
solar gravity
(encz) | solar gravity, n: |
solar halo
(encz) | solar halo, n: |
solar heater
(encz) | solar heater, n: |
solar house
(encz) | solar house, n: |
solar magnetic field
(encz) | solar magnetic field, n: |
solar month
(encz) | solar month, n: |
solar panel
(encz) | solar panel,sluneční kolektor Zdeněk Brož |
solar parallax
(encz) | solar parallax, n: |
solar physics
(encz) | solar physics, n: |
solar plexus
(encz) | solar plexus, |
solar power
(encz) | solar power, n: |
solar prominence
(encz) | solar prominence, n: |
solar radiation
(encz) | solar radiation,sluneční záření [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
solar system
(encz) | solar system,sluneční soustava n: [astr.] fous |
solar telescope
(encz) | solar telescope, n: |
solar thermal system
(encz) | solar thermal system, n: |
solar trap
(encz) | solar trap, n: |
solar wind
(encz) | solar wind,sluneční vítr |
solar year
(encz) | solar year,sluneční rok Zdeněk Brož |
solar-terrestrial relations
(encz) | solar-terrestrial relations,heliogeofyzika [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
solaria
(encz) | solaria, |
solarisation
(encz) | solarisation, n: |
solarise
(encz) | solarise, v: |
solarium
(encz) | solarium,solárium n: Zdeněk Brož |
solarization
(encz) | solarization,solarizace Zdeněk Brož |
solarize
(encz) | solarize, v: |
solarizace
(czen) | solarizace,solarization Zdeněk Brož |
Antisolar
(gcide) | Antisolar \An`ti*so"lar\, a.
Opposite to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens
180[deg] distant from the sun.
[1913 Webster] |
Lunisolar
(gcide) | Lunisolar \Lu"ni*so"lar\, a. [L. luna moon + E. solar: cf. F.
lunisolaire.]
Resulting from the united action, or pertaining to the mutual
relations, of the sun and moon.
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Lunisolar precession (Astron.), that portion of the annual
precession of the equinoxes which depends on the joint
action of the sun and moon.
Lunisolar year, a period of time, at the end of which, in
the Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the
eclipses recur on the same days of the week and month and
year as in the previous period. It consists of 532 common
years, being the least common multiple of the numbers of
years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the moon.
[1913 Webster] |
Lunisolar precession
(gcide) | Precession \Pre*ces"sion\, n. [L. praecedere, praecessum, to go
before: cf. F. pr['e]cession. See Precede.]
The act of going before, or forward.
[1913 Webster]
Lunisolar precession. (Astron.) See under Lunisolar.
Planetary precession, that part of the precession of the
equinoxes which depends on the action of the planets
alone.
Precession of the equinoxes (Astron.), the slow backward
motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, at
the rate of 50.2[sec] annually, caused by the action of
the sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter
about the earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal
rotation; -- so called because either equinox, owing to
its westerly motion, comes to the meridian sooner each day
than the point it would have occupied without the motion
of precession, and thus precedes that point continually
with reference to the time of transit and motion.
[1913 Webster]Lunisolar \Lu"ni*so"lar\, a. [L. luna moon + E. solar: cf. F.
lunisolaire.]
Resulting from the united action, or pertaining to the mutual
relations, of the sun and moon.
[1913 Webster]
Lunisolar precession (Astron.), that portion of the annual
precession of the equinoxes which depends on the joint
action of the sun and moon.
Lunisolar year, a period of time, at the end of which, in
the Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the
eclipses recur on the same days of the week and month and
year as in the previous period. It consists of 532 common
years, being the least common multiple of the numbers of
years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the moon.
[1913 Webster] |
Lunisolar year
(gcide) | Lunisolar \Lu"ni*so"lar\, a. [L. luna moon + E. solar: cf. F.
lunisolaire.]
Resulting from the united action, or pertaining to the mutual
relations, of the sun and moon.
[1913 Webster]
Lunisolar precession (Astron.), that portion of the annual
precession of the equinoxes which depends on the joint
action of the sun and moon.
Lunisolar year, a period of time, at the end of which, in
the Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the
eclipses recur on the same days of the week and month and
year as in the previous period. It consists of 532 common
years, being the least common multiple of the numbers of
years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the moon.
[1913 Webster]Year \Year\, n. [OE. yer, yeer, [yogh]er, AS. ge['a]r; akin to
OFries. i?r, g?r, D. jaar, OHG. j[=a]r, G. jahr, Icel. [=a]r,
Dan. aar, Sw. [*a]r, Goth. j?r, Gr. ? a season of the year,
springtime, a part of the day, an hour, ? a year, Zend
y[=a]re year. [root]4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]
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1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the
ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its
revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year;
also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this,
adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and
called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354
days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360
days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days,
and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of
366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on
account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile).
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Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. --Chaucer.
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Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly
commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued
throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.
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2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about
the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.
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3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. --Shak.
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Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's revolution from
perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6
hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds.
A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased
person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. {A
month's mind}, under Month.
Bissextile year. See Bissextile.
Canicular year. See under Canicular.
Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the
computation of time.
Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354
days.
Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from
leap year.
Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of
13 lunar months, or 384 days.
Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are
reckoned, or the year between one annual time of
settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another.
Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic.
Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and
Julian.
Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary.
Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical
months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.
Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar.
Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above.
Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and
Sabbatical.
Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from
any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6
hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds.
Tropical year. See under Tropical.
Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an
act or an event, in order that an entire year might be
secured beyond all question. --Abbott.
Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini;
A. D. or a. d.
[1913 Webster] year 2000 bug |
Mean solar day
(gcide) | Day \Day\ (d[=a]), n. [OE. day, dai, dei, AS. d[ae]g; akin to
OS., D., Dan., & Sw. dag, G. tag, Icel. dagr, Goth. dags; cf.
Skr. dah (for dhagh ?) to burn. [root]69. Cf. Dawn.]
1. The time of light, or interval between one night and the
next; the time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to
darkness; hence, the light; sunshine; -- also called
daytime.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. The period of the earth's revolution on its axis. --
ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured
by the interval between two successive transits of a
celestial body over the same meridian, and takes a
specific name from that of the body. Thus, if this is the
sun, the day (the interval between two successive transits
of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a
solar day; if it is a star, a sidereal day; if it is
the moon, a lunar day. See Civil day, Sidereal day,
below.
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3. Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by
usage or law for work.
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4. A specified time or period; time, considered with
reference to the existence or prominence of a person or
thing; age; time.
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A man who was great among the Hellenes of his day.
--Jowett
(Thucyd. )
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If my debtors do not keep their day, . . .
I must with patience all the terms attend. --Dryden.
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5. (Preceded by the) Some day in particular, as some day of
contest, some anniversary, etc.
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The field of Agincourt,
Fought on the day of Crispin Crispianus. --Shak.
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His name struck fear, his conduct won the day.
--Roscommon.
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Note: Day is much used in self-explaining compounds; as,
daybreak, daylight, workday, etc.
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Anniversary day. See Anniversary, n.
Astronomical day, a period equal to the mean solar day, but
beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four
hours being numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day,
as that most used by astronomers.
Born days. See under Born.
Canicular days. See Dog day.
Civil day, the mean solar day, used in the ordinary
reckoning of time, and among most modern nations beginning
at mean midnight; its hours are usually numbered in two
series, each from 1 to 12. This is the period recognized
by courts as constituting a day. The Babylonians and
Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and Jews
at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight.
Day blindness. (Med.) See Nyctalopia.
Day by day, or Day after day, daily; every day;
continually; without intermission of a day. See under
By. "Day by day we magnify thee." --Book of Common
Prayer.
Days in bank (Eng. Law), certain stated days for the return
of writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called
because originally peculiar to the Court of Common Bench,
or Bench (bank) as it was formerly termed. --Burrill.
Day in court, a day for the appearance of parties in a
suit.
Days of devotion (R. C. Ch.), certain festivals on which
devotion leads the faithful to attend mass. --Shipley.
Days of grace. See Grace.
Days of obligation (R. C. Ch.), festival days when it is
obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. --Shipley.
Day owl, (Zool.), an owl that flies by day. See Hawk owl.
Day rule (Eng. Law), an order of court (now abolished)
allowing a prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go
beyond the prison limits for a single day.
Day school, one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in
distinction from a boarding school.
Day sight. (Med.) See Hemeralopia.
Day's work (Naut.), the account or reckoning of a ship's
course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon.
From day to day, as time passes; in the course of time; as,
he improves from day to day.
Jewish day, the time between sunset and sunset.
Mean solar day (Astron.), the mean or average of all the
apparent solar days of the year.
One day, One of these days, at an uncertain time, usually
of the future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. "Well,
niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband."
--Shak.
Only from day to day, without certainty of continuance;
temporarily. --Bacon.
Sidereal day, the interval between two successive transits
of the first point of Aries over the same meridian. The
Sidereal day is 23 h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time.
To win the day, to gain the victory, to be successful. --S.
Butler.
Week day, any day of the week except Sunday; a working day.
Working day.
(a) A day when work may be legally done, in distinction
from Sundays and legal holidays.
(b) The number of hours, determined by law or custom,
during which a workman, hired at a stated price per
day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar constant
(gcide) | Constant \Con"stant\, n.
1. That which is not subject to change; that which is
invariable.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Math.) A quantity that does not change its value; -- used
in countradistinction to variable.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.) A number whose value, when ascertained (as by
observation) and substituted in a general mathematical
formula expressing an astronomical law, completely
determines that law and enables predictions to be made of
its effect in particular cases.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
4. (Physics) A number expressing some property or condition
of a substance or of an instrument of precision; as, the
dielectric constant of quartz; the collimation constant of
a transit instrument.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
5. (Computers) a data structure that does not change during
the course of execution of a program. It may be a number,
a string, or a more complex data structure; -- contrasted
with variable.
[PJC]
Aberration constant, or Constant of aberration (Astron.),
a number which by substitution in the general formula for
aberration enables a prediction to be made of the effect
of aberration on a star anywhere situated. Its value is
20[sec].47.
Absolute constant (Math.), one whose value is absolutely
the same under all circumstances, as the number 10, or any
numeral.
Arbitrary constant, an undetermined constant in a
differential equation having the same value during all
changes in the values of the variables.
Gravitation constant (Physics), the acceleration per unit
of time produced by the attraction of a unit of mass at
unit distance. When this is known the acceleration
produced at any distance can be calculated.
Solar constant (Astron.), the quantity of heat received by
the earth from the sun in a unit of time. It is, on the C.
G. S. system, 0.0417 small calories per square centimeter
per second. --Young. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Constant of integration (Math.), an undetermined constant
added to every result of integration.
[1913 Webster + Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Solar cycle
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
[1913 Webster]
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
[1913 Webster]
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster]Cycle \Cy"cle\ (s?"k'l), n. [F. ycle, LL. cyclus, fr. Gr.
ky`klos ring or circle, cycle; akin to Skr. cakra wheel,
circle. See Wheel.]
1. An imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the
celestial spheres. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
2. An interval of time in which a certain succession of
events or phenomena is completed, and then returns again
and again, uniformly and continually in the same order; a
periodical space of time marked by the recurrence of
something peculiar; as, the cycle of the seasons, or of
the year.
[1913 Webster]
Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the
medium of provision during the last bad cycle of
twenty years. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
3. An age; a long period of time.
[1913 Webster]
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay.
--Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
4. An orderly list for a given time; a calendar. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
We . . . present our gardeners with a complete cycle
of what is requisite to be done throughout every
month of the year. --Evelyn.
[1913 Webster]
5. The circle of subjects connected with the exploits of the
hero or heroes of some particular period which have served
as a popular theme for poetry, as the legend of Arthur and
the knights of the Round Table, and that of Charlemagne
and his paladins.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Bot.) One entire round in a circle or a spire; as, a
cycle or set of leaves. --Gray.
[1913 Webster]
7. A bicycle or tricycle, or other light velocipede.
[1913 Webster]
8. A motorcycle.
[PJC]
9. (Thermodynamics) A series of operations in which heat is
imparted to (or taken away from) a working substance which
by its expansion gives up a part of its internal energy in
the form of mechanical work (or being compressed increases
its internal energy) and is again brought back to its
original state.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
10. (Technology) A complete positive and negative, or forward
and reverse, action of any periodic process, such as a
vibration, an electric field oscillation, or a current
alternation; one period. Hence: (Elec.) A complete
positive and negative wave of an alternating current. The
number of cycles (per second) is a measure of the
frequency of an alternating current.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. + PJC]
Calippic cycle, a period of 76 years, or four Metonic
cycles; -- so called from Calippus, who proposed it as an
improvement on the Metonic cycle.
Cycle of eclipses, a period of about 6,586 days, the time
of revolution of the moon's node; -- called Saros by the
Chaldeans.
Cycle of indiction, a period of 15 years, employed in Roman
and ecclesiastical chronology, not founded on any
astronomical period, but having reference to certain
judicial acts which took place at stated epochs under the
Greek emperors.
Cycle of the moon, or Metonic cycle, a period of 19
years, after the lapse of which the new and full moon
returns to the same day of the year; -- so called from
Meton, who first proposed it.
Cycle of the sun, Solar cycle, a period of 28 years, at
the end of which time the days of the month return to the
same days of the week. The dominical or Sunday letter
follows the same order; hence the solar cycle is also
called the cycle of the Sunday letter. In the Gregorian
calendar the solar cycle is in general interrupted at the
end of the century.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar day
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
[1913 Webster]
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
[1913 Webster]
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster]Day \Day\ (d[=a]), n. [OE. day, dai, dei, AS. d[ae]g; akin to
OS., D., Dan., & Sw. dag, G. tag, Icel. dagr, Goth. dags; cf.
Skr. dah (for dhagh ?) to burn. [root]69. Cf. Dawn.]
1. The time of light, or interval between one night and the
next; the time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to
darkness; hence, the light; sunshine; -- also called
daytime.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. The period of the earth's revolution on its axis. --
ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured
by the interval between two successive transits of a
celestial body over the same meridian, and takes a
specific name from that of the body. Thus, if this is the
sun, the day (the interval between two successive transits
of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a
solar day; if it is a star, a sidereal day; if it is
the moon, a lunar day. See Civil day, Sidereal day,
below.
[1913 Webster]
3. Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by
usage or law for work.
[1913 Webster]
4. A specified time or period; time, considered with
reference to the existence or prominence of a person or
thing; age; time.
[1913 Webster]
A man who was great among the Hellenes of his day.
--Jowett
(Thucyd. )
[1913 Webster]
If my debtors do not keep their day, . . .
I must with patience all the terms attend. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Preceded by the) Some day in particular, as some day of
contest, some anniversary, etc.
[1913 Webster]
The field of Agincourt,
Fought on the day of Crispin Crispianus. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
His name struck fear, his conduct won the day.
--Roscommon.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Day is much used in self-explaining compounds; as,
daybreak, daylight, workday, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Anniversary day. See Anniversary, n.
Astronomical day, a period equal to the mean solar day, but
beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four
hours being numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day,
as that most used by astronomers.
Born days. See under Born.
Canicular days. See Dog day.
Civil day, the mean solar day, used in the ordinary
reckoning of time, and among most modern nations beginning
at mean midnight; its hours are usually numbered in two
series, each from 1 to 12. This is the period recognized
by courts as constituting a day. The Babylonians and
Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and Jews
at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight.
Day blindness. (Med.) See Nyctalopia.
Day by day, or Day after day, daily; every day;
continually; without intermission of a day. See under
By. "Day by day we magnify thee." --Book of Common
Prayer.
Days in bank (Eng. Law), certain stated days for the return
of writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called
because originally peculiar to the Court of Common Bench,
or Bench (bank) as it was formerly termed. --Burrill.
Day in court, a day for the appearance of parties in a
suit.
Days of devotion (R. C. Ch.), certain festivals on which
devotion leads the faithful to attend mass. --Shipley.
Days of grace. See Grace.
Days of obligation (R. C. Ch.), festival days when it is
obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. --Shipley.
Day owl, (Zool.), an owl that flies by day. See Hawk owl.
Day rule (Eng. Law), an order of court (now abolished)
allowing a prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go
beyond the prison limits for a single day.
Day school, one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in
distinction from a boarding school.
Day sight. (Med.) See Hemeralopia.
Day's work (Naut.), the account or reckoning of a ship's
course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon.
From day to day, as time passes; in the course of time; as,
he improves from day to day.
Jewish day, the time between sunset and sunset.
Mean solar day (Astron.), the mean or average of all the
apparent solar days of the year.
One day, One of these days, at an uncertain time, usually
of the future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. "Well,
niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband."
--Shak.
Only from day to day, without certainty of continuance;
temporarily. --Bacon.
Sidereal day, the interval between two successive transits
of the first point of Aries over the same meridian. The
Sidereal day is 23 h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time.
To win the day, to gain the victory, to be successful. --S.
Butler.
Week day, any day of the week except Sunday; a working day.
Working day.
(a) A day when work may be legally done, in distinction
from Sundays and legal holidays.
(b) The number of hours, determined by law or custom,
during which a workman, hired at a stated price per
day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.
[1913 Webster] |
solar day
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
[1913 Webster]
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
[1913 Webster]
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster]Day \Day\ (d[=a]), n. [OE. day, dai, dei, AS. d[ae]g; akin to
OS., D., Dan., & Sw. dag, G. tag, Icel. dagr, Goth. dags; cf.
Skr. dah (for dhagh ?) to burn. [root]69. Cf. Dawn.]
1. The time of light, or interval between one night and the
next; the time between sunrise and sunset, or from dawn to
darkness; hence, the light; sunshine; -- also called
daytime.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. The period of the earth's revolution on its axis. --
ordinarily divided into twenty-four hours. It is measured
by the interval between two successive transits of a
celestial body over the same meridian, and takes a
specific name from that of the body. Thus, if this is the
sun, the day (the interval between two successive transits
of the sun's center over the same meridian) is called a
solar day; if it is a star, a sidereal day; if it is
the moon, a lunar day. See Civil day, Sidereal day,
below.
[1913 Webster]
3. Those hours, or the daily recurring period, allotted by
usage or law for work.
[1913 Webster]
4. A specified time or period; time, considered with
reference to the existence or prominence of a person or
thing; age; time.
[1913 Webster]
A man who was great among the Hellenes of his day.
--Jowett
(Thucyd. )
[1913 Webster]
If my debtors do not keep their day, . . .
I must with patience all the terms attend. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Preceded by the) Some day in particular, as some day of
contest, some anniversary, etc.
[1913 Webster]
The field of Agincourt,
Fought on the day of Crispin Crispianus. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
His name struck fear, his conduct won the day.
--Roscommon.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Day is much used in self-explaining compounds; as,
daybreak, daylight, workday, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Anniversary day. See Anniversary, n.
Astronomical day, a period equal to the mean solar day, but
beginning at noon instead of at midnight, its twenty-four
hours being numbered from 1 to 24; also, the sidereal day,
as that most used by astronomers.
Born days. See under Born.
Canicular days. See Dog day.
Civil day, the mean solar day, used in the ordinary
reckoning of time, and among most modern nations beginning
at mean midnight; its hours are usually numbered in two
series, each from 1 to 12. This is the period recognized
by courts as constituting a day. The Babylonians and
Hindoos began their day at sunrise, the Athenians and Jews
at sunset, the ancient Egyptians and Romans at midnight.
Day blindness. (Med.) See Nyctalopia.
Day by day, or Day after day, daily; every day;
continually; without intermission of a day. See under
By. "Day by day we magnify thee." --Book of Common
Prayer.
Days in bank (Eng. Law), certain stated days for the return
of writs and the appearance of parties; -- so called
because originally peculiar to the Court of Common Bench,
or Bench (bank) as it was formerly termed. --Burrill.
Day in court, a day for the appearance of parties in a
suit.
Days of devotion (R. C. Ch.), certain festivals on which
devotion leads the faithful to attend mass. --Shipley.
Days of grace. See Grace.
Days of obligation (R. C. Ch.), festival days when it is
obligatory on the faithful to attend Mass. --Shipley.
Day owl, (Zool.), an owl that flies by day. See Hawk owl.
Day rule (Eng. Law), an order of court (now abolished)
allowing a prisoner, under certain circumstances, to go
beyond the prison limits for a single day.
Day school, one which the pupils attend only in daytime, in
distinction from a boarding school.
Day sight. (Med.) See Hemeralopia.
Day's work (Naut.), the account or reckoning of a ship's
course for twenty-four hours, from noon to noon.
From day to day, as time passes; in the course of time; as,
he improves from day to day.
Jewish day, the time between sunset and sunset.
Mean solar day (Astron.), the mean or average of all the
apparent solar days of the year.
One day, One of these days, at an uncertain time, usually
of the future, rarely of the past; sooner or later. "Well,
niece, I hope to see you one day fitted with a husband."
--Shak.
Only from day to day, without certainty of continuance;
temporarily. --Bacon.
Sidereal day, the interval between two successive transits
of the first point of Aries over the same meridian. The
Sidereal day is 23 h. 56 m. 4.09 s. of mean solar time.
To win the day, to gain the victory, to be successful. --S.
Butler.
Week day, any day of the week except Sunday; a working day.
Working day.
(a) A day when work may be legally done, in distinction
from Sundays and legal holidays.
(b) The number of hours, determined by law or custom,
during which a workman, hired at a stated price per
day, must work to be entitled to a day's pay.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar ecliptic limit
(gcide) | Ecliptic \E*clip"tic\, a. [L. eclipticus belonging to an
eclipse, Gr. 'ekleiptiko`s. See Eclipse.]
1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way.
[1913 Webster]
2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses.
[1913 Webster]
Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.), the space of 12[deg] on the
moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon
happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed.
Solar ecliptic limit, the space of 17[deg] from the lunar
node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon
occur, the sun will be eclipsed.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar engine
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
[1913 Webster]
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
[1913 Webster]
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar flowers
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
[1913 Webster]
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
[1913 Webster]
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar focus
(gcide) | Focus \Fo"cus\ (f[=o]"k[u^]s), n.; pl. E. Focuses
(f[=o]"k[u^]s*[e^]z), L. Foci (f[=o]"s[imac]). [L. focus
hearth, fireplace; perh. akin to E. bake. Cf. Curfew,
Fuel, Fusil the firearm.]
1. (Opt.) A point in which the rays of light meet, after
being reflected or refracted, and at which the image is
formed; as, the focus of a lens or mirror.
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2. (Geom.) A point so related to a conic section and certain
straight line called the directrix that the ratio of the
distance between any point of the curve and the focus to
the distance of the same point from the directrix is
constant.
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Note: Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD the
directrix, when the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc.,
are all equal. So in the hyperbola, A is the focus and
CD the directrix when the ratio HA:HK is constant for
all points of the curve; and in the parabola, A is the
focus and CD the directrix when the ratio BA:BC is
constant. In the ellipse this ratio is less than unity,
in the parabola equal to unity, and in the hyperbola
greater than unity. The ellipse and hyperbola have each
two foci, and two corresponding directrixes, and the
parabola has one focus and one directrix. In the
ellipse the sum of the two lines from any point of the
curve to the two foci is constant; that is: AG + GB =
AH + HB; and in the hyperbola the difference of the
corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which
passes through the foci of the ellipse is the major
axis. The diameter which being produced passes through
the foci of the hyperbola is the transverse axis. The
middle point of the major or the transverse axis is the
center of the curve. Certain other curves, as the
lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals, have points called
foci, possessing properties similar to those of the
foci of conic sections. In an ellipse, rays of light
coming from one focus, and reflected from the curve,
proceed in lines directed toward the other; in an
hyperbola, in lines directed from the other; in a
parabola, rays from the focus, after reflection at the
curve, proceed in lines parallel to the axis. Thus rays
from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays from A
in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from
B.
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3. A central point; a point of concentration.
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Aplanatic focus. (Opt.) See under Aplanatic.
Conjugate focus (Opt.), the focus for rays which have a
sensible divergence, as from a near object; -- so called
because the positions of the object and its image are
interchangeable.
Focus tube (Phys.), a vacuum tube for R[oe]ntgen rays in
which the cathode rays are focused upon the anticathode,
for intensifying the effect.
Principal focus, or Solar focus (Opt.), the focus for
parallel rays.
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Solar hour
(gcide) | Hour \Hour\, n. [OE. hour, our, hore, ure, OF. hore, ore, ure,
F. heure, L. hora, fr. Gr. ?, orig., a definite space of
time, fixed by natural laws; hence, a season, the time of the
day, an hour. See Year, and cf. Horologe, Horoscope.]
1. The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.
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2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes,
and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour? At
what hour shall we meet?
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3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or
occasion; as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the
hour.
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Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come. --John ii.
4.
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This is your hour, and the power of darkness. --Luke
xxii. 53.
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4. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Certain prayers to be repeated at stated
times of the day, as matins and vespers.
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5. A measure of distance traveled.
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Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels. --J. P.
Peters.
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After hours, after the time appointed for one's regular
labor.
Canonical hours. See under Canonical.
Hour angle (Astron.), the angle between the hour circle
passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place.
Hour circle. (Astron.)
(a) Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles
of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an
artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the
equator into spaces of 15[deg], or one hour, each.
(b) A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying parallel
to the plane of the earth's equator, and graduated in
hours and subdivisions of hours of right ascension.
(c) A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an
artificial globe, and divided into twenty-four parts
or hours. It is used to mark differences of time in
working problems on the globe.
Hour hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a
timepiece.
Hour line.
(a) (Astron.) A line indicating the hour.
(b) (Dialing) A line on which the shadow falls at a given
hour; the intersection of an hour circle which the
face of the dial.
Hour plate, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are
marked; the dial. --Locke.
Sidereal hour, the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day.
Solar hour, the twenty-fourth part of a solar day.
The small hours, the early hours of the morning, as one
o'clock, two o'clock, etc.
To keep good hours, to be regular in going to bed early.
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Solar lamp
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
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2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
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And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
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3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
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4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
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They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
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Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
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Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
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Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
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Solar microscope
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
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2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
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And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
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3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
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4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
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They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
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Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
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Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
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Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster]Microscope \Mi"cro*scope\, n. [Micro- + -scope.]
An optical instrument, consisting of a lens, or combination
of lenses, for making an enlarged image of an object which is
too minute to be viewed by the naked eye.
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Compound microscope, an instrument consisting of a
combination of lenses such that the image formed by the
lens or set of lenses nearest the object (called the
objective) is magnified by another lens called the ocular
or eyepiece.
Oxyhydrogen microscope, and Solar microscope. See under
Oxyhydrogen, and Solar.
Simple microscope, or Single microscope, a single convex
lens used to magnify objects placed in its focus.
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Solar month
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
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2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
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And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
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3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
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4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
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They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
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Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
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Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
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Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster]Month \Month\ (m[u^]nth), n. [OE. month, moneth, AS.
m[=o]n[eth], m[=o]na[eth]; akin to m[=o]na moon, and to D.
maand month, G. monat, OHG. m[=a]n[=o]d, Icel. m[=a]nu[eth]r,
m[=a]na[eth]r, Goth. m[=e]n[=o][thorn]s. [root]272. See
Moon.]
One of the twelve portions into which the year is divided;
the twelfth part of a year, corresponding nearly to the
length of a synodic revolution of the moon, -- whence the
name. In popular use, a period of four weeks is often called
a month.
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Note: In the common law, a month is a lunar month, or
twenty-eight days, unless otherwise expressed.
--Blackstone. In the United States the rule of the
common law is generally changed, and a month is
declared to mean a calendar month. --Cooley's
Blackstone.
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A month mind.
(a) A strong or abnormal desire. [Obs.] --Shak.
(b) A celebration made in remembrance of a deceased person a
month after death. --Strype.
Calendar months, the months as adjusted in the common or
Gregorian calendar; April, June, September, and November,
containing 30 days, and the rest 31, except February,
which, in common years, has 28, and in leap years 29.
Lunar month, the period of one revolution of the moon,
particularly a synodical revolution; but several kinds are
distinguished, as the synodical month, or period from
one new moon to the next, in mean length 29 d. 12 h. 44 m.
2.87 s.; the nodical month, or time of revolution from
one node to the same again, in length 27 d. 5 h. 5 m. 36
s.; the sidereal, or time of revolution from a star to
the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 11.5 s.; the
anomalistic, or time of revolution from perigee to
perigee again, in length 27 d. 13 h. 18 m. 37.4 s.; and
the tropical, or time of passing from any point of the
ecliptic to the same again, equal to 27 d. 7 h. 43 m. 4.7
s.
Solar month, the time in which the sun passes through one
sign of the zodiac, in mean length 30 d. 10 h. 29 m. 4.1
s.
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Solar myth
(gcide) | Solar myth \So"lar myth\
A myth which essentially consists of allegory based upon
ideas as to the sun's course, motion, influence, or the like.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Solar oil
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
[1913 Webster]
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
[1913 Webster]
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster] |
Solar parallax
(gcide) | Solar parallax \Solar parallax\
The parallax of the sun, that is, the angle subtended at the
sun by the semidiameter of the earth. It is 8.80'', and is
the fundamental datum.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Solar phosphori
(gcide) | Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol.
Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
influence. See Solar system, below.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
ecliptic; as, the solar year.
[1913 Webster]
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
by its influence.
[1913 Webster]
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
--Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Solar cycle. See under Cycle.
Solar day. See Day, 2.
Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.
Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
certain hours.
Solar lamp, an argand lamp.
Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially,
first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
in a darkened box.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Solar month. See under Month.
Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the
diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
sunlight or other intense light.
Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
nerve fibers.
Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun.
Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars
two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
four of which were found near the beginning of the
century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
exhibited in the following tables:
[1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
miles ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
[1913 Webster]
Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
reflected sunlight.
Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
[1913 Webster]Phosphorus \Phos"phor*us\ (f[o^]s"f[o^]r*[u^]s), n.; pl.
Phosphori (f[o^]s"f[o^]r*[imac]). [L., the morning star,
Gr. fwsfo`ros, lit., light bringer; fw^s light + fe`rein to
bring.]
1. The morning star; Phosphor.
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2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen
group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy
substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell;
this waxy allotropic form is also called {yellow
phosphorus}, to distinguish it from another allotropic
form, red phosphorus. It is very active chemically, must
be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at
ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its
name. It always occurs combined, usually in phosphates, as
in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the
composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many
other purposes. It is an essential component of the
genetic material of all living organisms. The molecule
contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.
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3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like
phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.
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Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which
shines in the dark after exposure to light; -- so called
because this property was discovered by a resident of
Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds
having similar properties.
Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of
phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline
substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is
obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel
at a high temperature.
Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers
in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and
other symptoms.
Red phosphorus, or Amorphous phosphorus (Chem.), an
allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark
red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed
vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and
is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a
chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the
friction surface on which safety matches are ignited.
Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which
shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other
intense light.
yellow phosphorus (Chem.), the waxy yellow allotropic form
of elemental phosphorus. See also phosphorus[2].
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