| slovo | definícia |
transparency
(mass) | transparency
- priehľadnosť, transparentnosť, priesvitnosť |
transparency
(encz) | transparency,diapozitiv |
transparency
(encz) | transparency,průhlednost n: [eko.] Otevřené, úplné a srozumitelné
předložení informací. RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
transparency
(encz) | transparency,průhlednost (vody) n: [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
Transparency
(gcide) | Transparency \Trans*par"en*cy\, n.; pl. Transparencies. [Cf.
F. transparence.]
1. The quality or condition of being transparent;
transparence.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted
on thin cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the
like, to be viewed by natural or artificial light, which
shines through it. --Fairholt.
[1913 Webster] |
transparency
(wn) | transparency
n 1: permitting the free passage of electromagnetic radiation
[syn: transparency, transparence] [ant: opacity]
2: the quality of being clear and transparent [syn:
transparency, transparence, transparentness]
3: picture consisting of a positive photograph or drawing on a
transparent base; viewed with a projector [syn: foil,
transparency] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
pseudotransparency
(mass) | pseudo-transparency
- pseudo-priesvitný |
transparency
(mass) | transparency
- priehľadnosť, transparentnosť, priesvitnosť |
code of good practices on fiscal transparency--declaration on principles
(encz) | Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency--Declaration on
Principles, |
code of good practices on transparency in monetary and financial policies
(encz) | Code of Good Practices on Transparency in Monetary and Financial
Policies, |
fiscal transparency
(encz) | fiscal transparency, |
manual on fiscal transparency
(encz) | Manual on Fiscal Transparency, |
semitransparency
(encz) | semitransparency, n: |
transparency
(encz) | transparency,diapozitiv transparency,průhlednost n: [eko.] Otevřené, úplné a srozumitelné
předložení informací. RNDr. Pavel Piskačtransparency,průhlednost (vody) n: [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
Semitransparency
(gcide) | Semitransparency \Sem`i*trans*par"en*cy\, n.
Imperfect or partial transparency.
[1913 Webster] |
semitransparency
(wn) | semitransparency
n 1: the quality of allowing light to pass diffusely [syn:
translucence, translucency, semitransparency] |
transparency
(wn) | transparency
n 1: permitting the free passage of electromagnetic radiation
[syn: transparency, transparence] [ant: opacity]
2: the quality of being clear and transparent [syn:
transparency, transparence, transparentness]
3: picture consisting of a positive photograph or drawing on a
transparent base; viewed with a projector [syn: foil,
transparency] |
network transparency
(foldoc) | network transparency
A feature of an operating system or other
service which lets the user access a remote resource through a
network without having to know if the resource is remote or
local.
For example NFS allow users to access remote files as if
they were local files.
(1996-12-21)
|
referential transparency
(foldoc) | referential transparency
referentially transparent
An expression E is referentially transparent if
any subexpression and its value (the result of evaluating it)
can be interchanged without changing the value of E. This is
not the case if the value of an expression depends on global
state which can change value. The most common example of
changing global state is assignment to a global variable. For
example, if y is a global variable in:
f(x)
return x+y;
g(z)
{
a = f(1);
y = y + z;
return a + f(1);
}
function g has the "side-effect" that it alters the value of
y. Since f's result depends on y, the two calls to f(1) will
return different results even though the argument is the same.
Thus f is not referentially transparent. Changing the order
of evaluation of the statements in g will change its result.
Pure functional languages achieve referential transparency
by forbidding assignment to global variables. Each
expression is a constant or a function application whose
evaluation has no side-effect, it only returns a value and
that value depends only on the definition of the function and
the values of its arguments.
We could make f above referentially transparent by passing in
y as an argument:
f(x, y) = x+y
Similarly, g would need to take y as an argument and return
its new value as part of the result:
g(z, y)
{
a = f(1, y);
y' = y+z;
return (a + f(1, y'), y');
}
Referentially transparent programs are more amenable to
formal methods and easier to reason about because the
meaning of an expression depends only on the meaning of its
subexpressions and not on the order of evaluation or
side-effects of other expressions.
We can stretch the concept of referential transparency to
include input and output if we consider the whole program to
be a function from its input to its output. The program as a
whole is referentially transparent because it will always
produce the same output when given the same input. This is
stretching the concept because the program's input may include
what the user types, the content of certain files or even the
time of day. If we do not consider global state like the
contents of files as input, then writing to a file and reading
what was written behaves just like assignment to a global
variable. However, if we must consider the state of the
universe as an input rather than global state then any
deterministic system would be referentially transparent!
See also extensional equality, observational equivalence.
(1997-03-25)
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