| slovo | definícia |
acceptor
(mass) | acceptor
- príjemca, akceptor |
acceptor
(encz) | acceptor,příjemce n: |
Acceptor
(gcide) | Acceptor \Ac*cept"or\ (#; 277), n. [L.]
One who accepts; specifically (Law & Com.), one who accepts
an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after he has
accepted.
[1913 Webster] |
acceptor
(wn) | acceptor
n 1: (chemistry) in the formation of a coordinate bond it is the
compound to which electrons are donated
2: the person (or institution) who accepts a check or draft and
becomes responsible for paying the party named in the draft
when it matures |
acceptor
(foldoc) | Finite State Machine
acceptor
Finite Automata
Finite Automaton
Finite State Automata
Finite State Automaton
NFA
(FSM or "Finite State
Automaton", "transducer") An abstract machine consisting of
a set of states (including the initial state), a set of
input events, a set of output events, and a state transition
function. The function takes the current state and an input
event and returns the new set of output events and the next
state. Some states may be designated as "terminal states".
The state machine can also be viewed as a function which maps
an ordered sequence of input events into a corresponding
sequence of (sets of) output events.
A deterministic FSM (DFA) is one where the next state is
uniquely determinied by a single input event. The next state
of a nondeterministic FSM (NFA) depends not only on the
current input event, but also on an arbitrary number of
subsequent input events. Until these subsequent events occur
it is not possible to determine which state the machine is in.
It is possible to automatically translate any nondeterministic
FSM into a deterministic one which will produce the same
output given the same input. Each state in the DFA represents
the set of states the NFA might be in at a given time.
In a probabilistic FSM [proper name?], there is a
predetermined probability of each next state given the
current state and input (compare Markov chain).
The terms "acceptor" and "transducer" are used particularly in
language theory where automata are often considered as
abstract machines capable of recognising a language (certain
sequences of input events). An acceptor has a single
Boolean output and accepts or rejects the input sequence by
outputting true or false respectively, whereas a transducer
translates the input into a sequence of output events.
FSMs are used in computability theory and in some practical
applications such as regular expressions and digital logic
design.
See also state transition diagram, Turing Machine.
[J.H. Conway, "regular algebra and finite machines", 1971, Eds
Chapman & Hall].
[S.C. Kleene, "Representation of events in nerve nets and
finite automata", 1956, Automata Studies. Princeton].
[Hopcroft & Ullman, 1979, "Introduction to automata theory,
languages and computations", Addison-Wesley].
[M. Crochemore "tranducters and repetitions",
Theoritical. Comp. Sc. 46, 1986].
(2001-09-22)
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ACCEPTOR
(bouvier) | ACCEPTOR, contracts. The person who agrees to pay a bill of exchange drawn
upon him. There cannot be two separate acceptors of a bill of exchange, e.
g. an acceptance by the drawee, and another for the honor of some party to
the bill. Jackson v. Hudson, 2 Campb. N. P. C. 447.
2. The acceptor of a bill is the principal debtor, and the drawer the
surety. He is bound, though he accepted without consideration, and for the
sole accommodation of the drawer. By his acceptance he admits the drawer's
handwriting, for, before acceptance it was incumbent upon him to inquire
into the genuineness of the drawer's handwriting. 3 Burr. 1354; 1 Bla. Rep.
390, S. C.; 4 Dall. 234; 1 Binn. 27, S. C. When once made, the obligation of
the acceptor is irrevocable. As to what amounts to an acceptance, see ante,
Acceptance; Chitty on Bills, 242, et. seq.; 3 Kent, Com. 55, 6; Pothier,
Traite du Contrat de Change, premiere part. n. 44.
3. The liability of the acceptor cannot in general be released or
discharged, otherwise than by payment, or by express release or waiver, or
by the act of limitations. Dougl. R. 247. What amounts to a waiver and
discharge of the acceptor's liability, must depend on the circumstances of
each particular case. Dougl. 236, 248; Bayl. on Bills, 90; Chitty on Bills,
249.
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
acceptors
(encz) | acceptors,příjemci n: pl. |
Acceptor
(gcide) | Acceptor \Ac*cept"or\ (#; 277), n. [L.]
One who accepts; specifically (Law & Com.), one who accepts
an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after he has
accepted.
[1913 Webster] |
acceptor rna
(wn) | acceptor RNA
n 1: RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20
varieties, each variety capable of combining with a
specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to
the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome
of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)
[syn: transfer RNA, tRNA, acceptor RNA, {soluble
RNA}] |
ACCEPTOR
(bouvier) | ACCEPTOR, contracts. The person who agrees to pay a bill of exchange drawn
upon him. There cannot be two separate acceptors of a bill of exchange, e.
g. an acceptance by the drawee, and another for the honor of some party to
the bill. Jackson v. Hudson, 2 Campb. N. P. C. 447.
2. The acceptor of a bill is the principal debtor, and the drawer the
surety. He is bound, though he accepted without consideration, and for the
sole accommodation of the drawer. By his acceptance he admits the drawer's
handwriting, for, before acceptance it was incumbent upon him to inquire
into the genuineness of the drawer's handwriting. 3 Burr. 1354; 1 Bla. Rep.
390, S. C.; 4 Dall. 234; 1 Binn. 27, S. C. When once made, the obligation of
the acceptor is irrevocable. As to what amounts to an acceptance, see ante,
Acceptance; Chitty on Bills, 242, et. seq.; 3 Kent, Com. 55, 6; Pothier,
Traite du Contrat de Change, premiere part. n. 44.
3. The liability of the acceptor cannot in general be released or
discharged, otherwise than by payment, or by express release or waiver, or
by the act of limitations. Dougl. R. 247. What amounts to a waiver and
discharge of the acceptor's liability, must depend on the circumstances of
each particular case. Dougl. 236, 248; Bayl. on Bills, 90; Chitty on Bills,
249.
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ACCEPTOR SUPRA PROTEST
(bouvier) | ACCEPTOR SUPRA PROTEST, in contracts, is a third person, who, after protest
for non-acceptance by the drawee, accepts the bill for the honor of the
drawer, or of the particular endorser.
2. By this acceptance he subjects himself to the same obligations as if
the bill had been directed to him. An acceptor supra protest has his remedy
against the person for whose honor he accepted, and against all persons who
stand prior to that person. If he takes up the bill for the honor of the
endorser, he stands in the light of an endorsee paying full value for the
bill, and has the same remedies to which an endorsee would be entitled
against all prior parties, and he can, of course, sue the drawer and
endorser., 1 Ld. Raym. 574; 1 Esp. N. P. Rep. 112; Bayly on Bills, 209; 3
Kent. Com. 57; Chitty on Bills, 312. The acceptor supra protest is required
to give the same notice, in order to charge a party, which is necessary to
be given by other holders. 8 Pick. 1. 79; 1 Pet. R. 262. Such acceptor is
not liable, unless demand of payment is made on the drawee, and notice of
his refusal given. 3 Wend. 491.
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