| slovo | definícia |
affinity
(encz) | affinity,afinita [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
affinity
(encz) | affinity,příbuznost n: Zdeněk Brož |
affinity
(encz) | affinity,přitažlivost v: |
Affinity
(gcide) | Affinity \Af*fin"i*ty\, n.; pl. Affinities. [OF. afinit['e],
F. affinit['e], L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his
wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her
husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to
consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by
with, to, or between.
[1913 Webster]
Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. --1 Kings iii.
1.
[1913 Webster]
2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity;
resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of
colors, or of languages.
[1913 Webster]
There is a close affinity between imposture and
credulity. --Sir G. C.
Lewis.
[1913 Webster]
2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
About forty years past, I began a happy affinity
with William Cranmer. --Burton.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an
insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles
of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;
chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or higher groups
dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure,
and indicating community of origin.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or
attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp.
persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who
exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
[1913 Webster] |
affinity
(gcide) | Attraction \At*trac"tion\, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]
1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws
anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually
between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them
together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and
conversely resisting separation.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible
distances, and is variously denominated according to
its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at
sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances
throughout the universe, with a force proportional
directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and
inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)
Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each
of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in
its action, a property dependent on the quality or
condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under
attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of
sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening
substance. (2.)
Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate particles,
whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation
or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of
gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the
process of solidification or crystallization. The power in
adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of
cohesion. (3.)
Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to rise,
in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level
outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any
porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.
It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)
Chemical attraction, or
affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary
atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.
[1913 Webster]
2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power
or operation of attraction. --Newton.
[1913 Webster]
3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or
engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of
beauty or eloquence.
[1913 Webster]
4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm.
[1913 Webster] |
affinity
(wn) | affinity
n 1: (immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an
antibody
2: (anthropology) kinship by marriage or adoption; not a blood
relationship [ant: blood kinship, cognation,
consanguinity]
3: (biology) state of relationship between organisms or groups
of organisms resulting in resemblance in structure or
structural parts; "in anatomical structure prehistoric man
shows close affinity with modern humans" [syn: affinity,
phylogenetic relation]
4: a close connection marked by community of interests or
similarity in nature or character; "found a natural affinity
with the immigrants"; "felt a deep kinship with the other
students"; "anthropology's kinship with the humanities" [syn:
affinity, kinship]
5: the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them
together in a molecule; "basic dyes have an affinity for wool
and silk" [syn: affinity, chemical attraction]
6: inherent resemblance between persons or things
7: a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; "an affinity for
politics"; "the mysterious affinity between them"; "James's
affinity with Sam" |
AFFINITY
(bouvier) | AFFINITY. A connexion formed by marriage, which places the husband in the
same degree of nominal propinquity to the relations of the wife, as that in
which she herself stands towards them, and gives to the wife the same
reciprocal connexion with the relations of the husband. It is used in
contradistinction to consanguinity. (q.v.) It is no real kindred.
2. Affinity or alliance is very different from kindred. Kindred are
relations. by blood; affinity is the tie which exists between one of the
spouses with the kindred of the other; thus, the relations, of my wife, her
brothers, her sisters, her uncles, are allied to me by affinity, and my
brothers, sisters, &c., are allied in the same way to my wife. But my
brother and the sister of my wife are not allied by the ties of affinity:
This will appear by the following paradigms
My wife's father ---|
| |
| |
-----------------| |
| | |-- are all allied to me.
Ego ----- My Wife My wife's sister ---|
| |
My wife's niece ---|
My wife's father ---|
My Father | | |My brother
| | | |and my wife's
| | | |sister are
|---------------| |----------| |not allied
| | | | |to each other
My brother Ego ---- My wife, My wife's sister |
3. A person cannot, by legal succession, receive an inheritance from a
relation by affinity; neither does it extend to the nearest relations of
husband and wife, so as to create a mutual relation between them. The
degrees of affinity are computed in the same way as those of consanguinity.
See Pothier, Traite du Mariage, part 3, ch. 3, art. 2, and see 5 M. R. 296;
Inst. 1, 10, 6; Dig. 38, 10, 4, 3; 1 Phillim. R. 210; S. C. 1 Eng. Eccl. R.
72; article Marriage.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
Affinity
(gcide) | Affinity \Af*fin"i*ty\, n.; pl. Affinities. [OF. afinit['e],
F. affinit['e], L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his
wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her
husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to
consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by
with, to, or between.
[1913 Webster]
Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. --1 Kings iii.
1.
[1913 Webster]
2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity;
resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of
colors, or of languages.
[1913 Webster]
There is a close affinity between imposture and
credulity. --Sir G. C.
Lewis.
[1913 Webster]
2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
About forty years past, I began a happy affinity
with William Cranmer. --Burton.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an
insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles
of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;
chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or higher groups
dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure,
and indicating community of origin.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or
attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp.
persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who
exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
[1913 Webster]Attraction \At*trac"tion\, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]
1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws
anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually
between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them
together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and
conversely resisting separation.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible
distances, and is variously denominated according to
its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at
sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances
throughout the universe, with a force proportional
directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and
inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)
Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each
of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in
its action, a property dependent on the quality or
condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under
attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)
Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of
sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening
substance. (2.)
Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate particles,
whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation
or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of
gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the
process of solidification or crystallization. The power in
adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of
cohesion. (3.)
Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to rise,
in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level
outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any
porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.
It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)
Chemical attraction, or
affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary
atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.
[1913 Webster]
2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power
or operation of attraction. --Newton.
[1913 Webster]
3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or
engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of
beauty or eloquence.
[1913 Webster]
4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm.
[1913 Webster] |
Chemical affinity
(gcide) | Chemical \Chem"ic*al\, a.
Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the
forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes
of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical combinations.
[1913 Webster]
Chemical attraction or Chemical affinity. See under
Attraction.
[1913 Webster] |
Elective affinity
(gcide) | Elective \E*lect"ive\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]lectif.]
1. Exerting the power of choice; selecting; as, an elective
act.
[1913 Webster]
2. Pertaining to, or consisting in, choice, or right of
choosing; electoral.
[1913 Webster]
The independent use of their elective franchise.
--Bancroft.
[1913 Webster]
3. Bestowed or passing by election; as, an elective office.
[1913 Webster]
Kings of Rome were at first elective; . . . for such
are the conditions of an elective kingdom. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
4. Dependent on choice; that can be refused; as, an elective
college course. Opposite of required or mandatory.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Elective affinity or Elective attraction (Chem.), a
tendency to unite with certain things; chemism.
[1913 Webster] |
paraffin little affinity series
(gcide) | Methane \Meth"ane\, n. [See Methal.] (Chem.)
A light, colorless, gaseous, inflammable hydrocarbon, CH4;
marsh gas. It is the simplest of the aliphatic hydrocarbons.
See Marsh gas, under Gas.
[1913 Webster]
Methane series (Chem.), a series of saturated hydrocarbons,
of which methane is the first member and type, and
(because of their general chemical inertness and
indifference) called also the {paraffin (little affinity)
series}. The lightest members are gases, as methane,
ethane; intermediate members are liquids, as hexane,
heptane, etc. (found in benzine, kerosene, etc.); while
the highest members are white, waxy, or fatty solids, as
paraffin proper.
[1913 Webster] |
AFFINITY
(bouvier) | AFFINITY. A connexion formed by marriage, which places the husband in the
same degree of nominal propinquity to the relations of the wife, as that in
which she herself stands towards them, and gives to the wife the same
reciprocal connexion with the relations of the husband. It is used in
contradistinction to consanguinity. (q.v.) It is no real kindred.
2. Affinity or alliance is very different from kindred. Kindred are
relations. by blood; affinity is the tie which exists between one of the
spouses with the kindred of the other; thus, the relations, of my wife, her
brothers, her sisters, her uncles, are allied to me by affinity, and my
brothers, sisters, &c., are allied in the same way to my wife. But my
brother and the sister of my wife are not allied by the ties of affinity:
This will appear by the following paradigms
My wife's father ---|
| |
| |
-----------------| |
| | |-- are all allied to me.
Ego ----- My Wife My wife's sister ---|
| |
My wife's niece ---|
My wife's father ---|
My Father | | |My brother
| | | |and my wife's
| | | |sister are
|---------------| |----------| |not allied
| | | | |to each other
My brother Ego ---- My wife, My wife's sister |
3. A person cannot, by legal succession, receive an inheritance from a
relation by affinity; neither does it extend to the nearest relations of
husband and wife, so as to create a mutual relation between them. The
degrees of affinity are computed in the same way as those of consanguinity.
See Pothier, Traite du Mariage, part 3, ch. 3, art. 2, and see 5 M. R. 296;
Inst. 1, 10, 6; Dig. 38, 10, 4, 3; 1 Phillim. R. 210; S. C. 1 Eng. Eccl. R.
72; article Marriage.
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