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binary prefix
(foldoc) | binary prefix
(Or "IEC prefix") A prefix used with a unit of data to
mean multiplication by a power of 1024. Binary prefixes are most
often used with "byte" (e.g. "kilobyte") but also with bit
(e.g. "megabit").
For example, the term kilobyte has historically been used to
mean 1024 bytes, and megabyte to mean 1,048,576 bytes. The
multipliers 1024 and 1,048,576 are powers of 1024, which is itself
a power of two (1024 = 2^10). It is this factor of two that gives
the name "binary prefix".
This is in contrast to a decimal prefix denoting a power of
1000, which is itself a power of ten (1000 = 10^3). Decimal
prefixes are used in science and engineering and are specified in
widely adopted SI standards. Note that the actual prefix - kilo
or mega - is the same, it is the interpretation that differs.
The difference between the two interpretations increases with each
multiplication, so while 1000 and 1024 differ by only 2.4%, 1000^6
and 1024^6 differ by 15%.
The 1024-based interpretation of prefixes is often still used
informally and especially when discussing the storage capacity of
random-access memory. This has lead to storage device
manufacturers being accused of false marketing for using the
decimal interpretation where customers might assume the larger,
historical, binary interpretation.
In an attempt to clarify the distinction, in 1998 the IEC
specified that kilobyte, megabyte, etc. should only be used for
powers of 1000 (following SI). They specified new prefixes for
powers of 1024 containing "bi" for "binary": kibibyte,
mebibyte, etc.; an idea originally propsed by IUPAC. IEC also
specified new abbreviations Ki, Mi, etc. for the new prefixes.
Many other standards bodies such as NIST, IEEE and BIPM
support this proposal but as of 2013 its use is rare in
non-technical circles.
Specific units of IEC 60027-2 A.2 and ISO/IEC 80000
IEC prefix Representations Customary prefix
Name Symbol Base 2 Base Base 10 Name Symbol
1024 (approx)
kibi Ki 2^10 1024^1 1.02x10^3 kilo k, K
mebi Mi 2^20 1024^2 1.05x10^6 mega M
gibi Gi 2^30 1024^3 1.07x10^9 giga G
tebi Ti 2^40 1024^4 1.10x10^12 tera T
pebi Pi 2^50 1024^5 1.13x10^15 peta P
exbi Ei 2^60 1024^6 1.15x10^18 exa E
zebi Zi 2^70 1024^7 1.18x10^21 zetta Z
yobi Yi 2^80 1024^8 1.21x10^24 yotta Y
(2013-11-04)
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