| slovo | definícia |
compounds
(mass) | compounds
- zmesi |
compounds
(encz) | compounds,kombinace pl. Zdeněk Brož |
compounds
(encz) | compounds,sloučeniny n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
compounds
(encz) | compounds,složky n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
compounds
(encz) | compounds,směsi Zdeněk Brož |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
volatile organic compounds
(czen) | Volatile Organic Compounds,VOC[zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a automatický
překlad |
Carbon compounds
(gcide) | Compound \Com"pound\, n.
1. That which is compounded or formed by the union or mixture
of elements ingredients, or parts; a combination of
simples; a compound word; the result of composition.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Rare compound of oddity, frolic, and fun.
--Goldsmith.
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When the word "bishopric" was first made, it was
made as a compound. --Earle.
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2. (Chem.) A union of two or more ingredients in definite
proportions by weight, so combined as to form a distinct
substance; as, water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen.
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Note: Every definite chemical compound always contains the
same elements, united in the same proportions by
weight, and with the same internal arrangement.
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Binary compound (Chem.). See under Binary.
Carbon compounds (Chem.). See under Carbon.
[1913 Webster]Carbon \Car"bon\ (k[aum]r"b[o^]n), n. [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo
coal; cf. Skr. [,c]r[=a] to cook.] (Chem.)
1. An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which
is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97.
Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of
lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral
coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the
diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in
monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another
modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is
soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When
united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly
called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the
proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it
forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare
Diamond, and Graphite.
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2. (Elec.) A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp; also,
a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of
a voltaic battery.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3. a sheet of carbon paper.
[PJC]
4. a carbon copy.
[PJC]
Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those
compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced
by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds,
though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in
the laboratory.
[1913 Webster]
The formation of the compounds of carbon is not
dependent upon the life process. --I. Remsen
carbon copy, originally, a copy of a document made by use
of a carbon paper, but now used generally to refer to
any copy of a document made by a mechanical process, such
as xerographic copying.
Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under
Carbonic.
Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon
points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact.
Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon
moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away
by the electric current, it shall constantly maintain its
proper relation to the opposing point.
Carbon paper, a thin type of paper coated with a
dark-colored waxy substance which can be transferred to
another sheet of paper underneath it by pressing on the
carbon paper. It is used by placing a sheet between two
sheets of ordinary writing paper, and then writing or
typing on the top sheet, by which process a copy of the
writing or typing is transferred to the second sheet
below, making a copy without the need for writing or
typing a second time. Multiple sheets may be used, with a
carbon paper placed above each plain paper to which an
impression is to be transferred. In 1997 such paper was
still used, particularly to make multiple copies of
filled-in purchase invoice forms, but in most applications
this technique has been superseded by the more faithful
xerographic reproduction and computerized printing
processes.
Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used
in the autotype process of photography. --Abney.
Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an
incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for
the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the
voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries,
etc.
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chemistry of the carbon compounds
(gcide) | Chemistry \Chem"is*try\ (k[e^]m"[i^]s*tr[y^]; 277), n. [From
Chemist. See Alchemy.]
1. That branch of science which treats of the composition of
substances, and of the changes which they undergo in
consequence of alterations in the constitution of the
molecules, which depend upon variations of the number,
kind, or mode of arrangement, of the constituent atoms.
These atoms are not assumed to be indivisible, but merely
the finest grade of subdivision hitherto attained.
Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and
constitution of molecules. See Atom, Molecule.
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Note: Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy (or
alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.
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2. An application of chemical theory and method to the
consideration of some particular subject; as, the
chemistry of iron; the chemistry of indigo.
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3. A treatise on chemistry.
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Note: This word and its derivatives were formerly written
with y, and sometimes with i, instead of e, in the
first syllable, chymistry, chymist, chymical, etc., or
chimistry, chimist, chimical, etc.; and the
pronunciation was conformed to the orthography.
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Inorganic chemistry, that which treats of inorganic or
mineral substances.
Organic chemistry, that which treats of the substances
which form the structure of organized beings and their
products, whether animal or vegetable; -- called also
chemistry of the carbon compounds. There is no
fundamental difference between organic and inorganic
chemistry.
Physiological chemistry, the chemistry of the organs and
tissues of the body, and of the various physiological
processes incident to life.
Practical chemistry, or Applied chemistry, that which
treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of
chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their
applications to economical purposes, and of the conditions
essential to their best use.
Pure chemistry, the consideration of the facts and theories
of chemistry in their purely scientific relations, without
necessary reference to their practical applications or
mere utility.
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Compounds of carbon
(gcide) | Carbon \Car"bon\ (k[aum]r"b[o^]n), n. [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo
coal; cf. Skr. [,c]r[=a] to cook.] (Chem.)
1. An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which
is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97.
Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of
lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral
coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the
diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in
monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another
modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is
soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When
united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly
called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the
proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it
forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare
Diamond, and Graphite.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Elec.) A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp; also,
a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of
a voltaic battery.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3. a sheet of carbon paper.
[PJC]
4. a carbon copy.
[PJC]
Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those
compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced
by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds,
though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in
the laboratory.
[1913 Webster]
The formation of the compounds of carbon is not
dependent upon the life process. --I. Remsen
carbon copy, originally, a copy of a document made by use
of a carbon paper, but now used generally to refer to
any copy of a document made by a mechanical process, such
as xerographic copying.
Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under
Carbonic.
Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon
points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact.
Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon
moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away
by the electric current, it shall constantly maintain its
proper relation to the opposing point.
Carbon paper, a thin type of paper coated with a
dark-colored waxy substance which can be transferred to
another sheet of paper underneath it by pressing on the
carbon paper. It is used by placing a sheet between two
sheets of ordinary writing paper, and then writing or
typing on the top sheet, by which process a copy of the
writing or typing is transferred to the second sheet
below, making a copy without the need for writing or
typing a second time. Multiple sheets may be used, with a
carbon paper placed above each plain paper to which an
impression is to be transferred. In 1997 such paper was
still used, particularly to make multiple copies of
filled-in purchase invoice forms, but in most applications
this technique has been superseded by the more faithful
xerographic reproduction and computerized printing
processes.
Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used
in the autotype process of photography. --Abney.
Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an
incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for
the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the
voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries,
etc.
[1913 Webster] |
labeled compounds
(gcide) | Tracer \Tra"cer\, n.
One who, or that which, traces.
[1913 Webster]
2. A person engaged (esp. in the express or railway service)
in tracing, or searching out, missing articles, as
packages or freight cars.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3. An inquiry sent out (esp. in transportation service) for a
missing article, as a letter or an express package.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
4. (Mil.) a type of ammunition that emits light or smoke as
it moves toward its target, providing a visible path of
the projectile in flight so that the point of impact may
be observed; -- called also tracer ammunition.
[PJC]
5. (Mil.) the chemical substance used in tracer ammunition to
cause it to be visible in flight.
[PJC]
6. a chemical substance with properties, such as
radioactivity or fluorescence, which make it easily
measurable, used to observe the movements of chemically
related substances through a biological, physical, or
chemical system; -- in biochemistry, also called {labeled
compounds}.
Note: Radioactive tracers are used, for example, to measure
the retention or distribution of residues of drugs
after administration to an animal, to determine the
type and rate of metabolism; also, to measure the rate
of motion of molecules in electrophoresis or the
leakage of small quantities of material from a
container. Small fluorescent tracers may be attached in
many cases to macromolecules such as proteins or
nucleic acids, allowing the motions of such
macromolecules to be easily observed by their acquired
fluorescence, without appreciably changing their
properties. In biological and biochemial systems the
common radioactive isotopes used in tracers are
carbon-14, tritium (hydrogen-3), sulfur-35,
phosphorus-32, and iodine-131; other isotopes are also
used, including non-radioactive isotopes such as
carbon-13.
[PJC] |
Luteo-cobaltic compounds
(gcide) | Cobaltic \Co*balt"ic\ (?; 74), a. [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher
valence; as, cobaltic oxide.
[1913 Webster]
Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts.
Roseo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications
of these are the purpureo-cobaltic compounds.
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Organic compounds
(gcide) | Organic \Or*gan"ic\ ([^o]r*g[a^]n"[i^]k), a. [L. organicus, Gr.
'organiko`s: cf. F. organique.]
1. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or
to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or
containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and
plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living
organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic
remains. Cf. Inorganic.
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2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]
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3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to
a certain destined function or end. [R.]
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Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and
write perspicuously. --Milton.
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4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or
pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or
resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic
government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but
organic.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to compounds which are
derivatives of hydrocarbons; pertaining to, or denoting,
any one of a large series of carbon-containing compounds
which are related to the carbon compounds produced by
biological processes (such as methane, oils, fats, sugars,
alcohols, ethers, proteins, etc.) and include many
substances of artificial production which may or may not
occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with
inorganic.
Note: Borderline cases exist which may be classified as
either organic or inorganic, such as carbon
terachloride (which may be viewed as a derivative of
methane), but in general a compound must have a carbon
with a hydrogen atom or another carbon atom attached to
it to be viewed as truly organic, i.e. included in the
subject matter of organic chemistry.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are
identical; but the enormous number and the completeness
of related series of organic compounds, together with
their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution,
offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology
not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry.
[1913 Webster]
Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic
compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of
carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the
difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent,
and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide;
-- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from
proximate analysis.
Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry.
Organic compounds. (Chem.) Chemical substances which are
organic[5]. See Carbon compounds, under Carbon.
Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of
a curve on a plane by means of instruments. --Brande & C.
Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid
changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in
the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to {functional
disease}.
Organic electricity. See under Electricity.
Organic law or Organic laws, a law or system of laws, or
declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and
organization of a political or other association; a
constitution.
Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the
natural passages of the body produced by structural
changes in its walls, as distinguished from a {spasmodic
stricture}, which is due to muscular contraction.
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purpureo-cobaltic compounds
(gcide) | Cobaltic \Co*balt"ic\ (?; 74), a. [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher
valence; as, cobaltic oxide.
[1913 Webster]
Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts.
Roseo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications
of these are the purpureo-cobaltic compounds.
[1913 Webster] |
Roseo-cobaltic compounds
(gcide) | Cobaltic \Co*balt"ic\ (?; 74), a. [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said
especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher
valence; as, cobaltic oxide.
[1913 Webster]
Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts.
Roseo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of
complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications
of these are the purpureo-cobaltic compounds.
[1913 Webster] |
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