| slovo | definícia |
binary
(mass) | binary
- binárny |
binary
(encz) | binary,binární adj: Zdeněk Brož |
binary
(encz) | binary,dvojkový adj: Zdeněk Brož |
Binary
(gcide) | Binary \Bi"na*ry\, n.
That which is constituted of two figures, things, or parts;
two; duality. --Fotherby.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary
(gcide) | Binary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
binary
(wn) | binary
adj 1: of or pertaining to a number system have 2 as its base;
"a binary digit"
2: consisting of two (units or components or elements or terms);
"a binary star is a system in which two stars revolve around
each other"; "a binary compound"; "the binary number system
has two as its base"
n 1: a system of two stars that revolve around each other under
their mutual gravitation [syn: binary star, binary,
double star]
2: a pre-compiled, pre-linked program that is ready to run under
a given operating system; a binary for one operating system
will not run on a different operating system; "the same
source code can be compiled to produce different binaries for
different operating systems" [syn: binary, {binary
program}] |
binary
(foldoc) | binary
1. Base two. A number representation
consisting of zeros and ones used by practically all computers
because of its ease of implementation using digital
electronics and Boolean algebra.
2. binary file.
3. A description of an operator which takes
two arguments. See also unary, ternary.
(2005-02-21)
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
binary
(mass) | binary
- binárny |
binary
(encz) | binary,binární adj: Zdeněk Brožbinary,dvojkový adj: Zdeněk Brož |
binary star
(encz) | binary star,dvojhvězda [fyz.] |
equivalent-binary-digit factor
(encz) | equivalent-binary-digit factor, n: |
pure binary numeration system
(encz) | pure binary numeration system, n: |
Binary arithmetic
(gcide) | Binary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary compound
(gcide) | Compound \Com"pound\, n.
1. That which is compounded or formed by the union or mixture
of elements ingredients, or parts; a combination of
simples; a compound word; the result of composition.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Rare compound of oddity, frolic, and fun.
--Goldsmith.
[1913 Webster]
When the word "bishopric" was first made, it was
made as a compound. --Earle.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A union of two or more ingredients in definite
proportions by weight, so combined as to form a distinct
substance; as, water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Every definite chemical compound always contains the
same elements, united in the same proportions by
weight, and with the same internal arrangement.
[1913 Webster]
Binary compound (Chem.). See under Binary.
Carbon compounds (Chem.). See under Carbon.
[1913 Webster]Binary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary logarithms
(gcide) | Logarithm \Log"a*rithm\ (l[o^]g"[.a]*r[i^][th]'m), n. [Gr.
lo`gos word, account, proportion + 'ariqmo`s number: cf. F.
logarithme.] (Math.)
One of a class of auxiliary numbers, devised by John Napier,
of Merchiston, Scotland (1550-1617), to abridge arithmetical
calculations, by the use of addition and subtraction in place
of multiplication and division.
Note: The relation of logarithms to common numbers is that of
numbers in an arithmetical series to corresponding
numbers in a geometrical series, so that sums and
differences of the former indicate respectively
products and quotients of the latter; thus,
0 1 2 3 4 Indices or logarithms
1 10 100 1000 10,000 Numbers in geometrical progression
Hence, the logarithm of any given number is the
exponent of a power to which another given invariable
number, called the base, must be raised in order to
produce that given number. Thus, let 10 be the base,
then 2 is the logarithm of 100, because 10^2 = 100,
and 3 is the logarithm of 1,000, because 10^3 =
1,000.
[1913 Webster]
Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference
between a logarithm and the number ten.
Binary logarithms. See under Binary.
Common logarithms, or Brigg's logarithms, logarithms of
which the base is 10; -- so called from Henry Briggs, who
invented them.
Gauss's logarithms, tables of logarithms constructed for
facilitating the operation of finding the logarithm of the
sum of difference of two quantities from the logarithms of
the quantities, one entry of those tables and two
additions or subtractions answering the purpose of three
entries of the common tables and one addition or
subtraction. They were suggested by the celebrated German
mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (died in 1855), and are
of great service in many astronomical computations.
Hyperbolic logarithm or Napierian logarithm or {Natural
logarithm}, a logarithm (devised by John Speidell, 1619) of
which the base is e (2.718281828459045...); -- so called
from Napier, the inventor of logarithms.
Logistic logarithms or Proportional logarithms, See under
Logistic.
[1913 Webster] LogarithmeticBinary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary measure
(gcide) | Binary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary nomenclature
(gcide) | Binary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary salt
(gcide) | Salt \Salt\, n. [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout,
G. salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. ?, Russ. sole,
Ir. & Gael. salann, W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal,
Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce, Sausage.]
1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning
food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found
native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation
and crystallization, from sea water and other water
impregnated with saline particles.
[1913 Webster]
2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning.
[1913 Webster]
Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . .
. we have some salt of our youth in us. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.
[1913 Webster]
4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.
[1913 Webster]
I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen
of silver salts. --Pepys.
[1913 Webster]
5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.]
[1913 Webster]
Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing
and gossiping, clusters of old salts. --Hawthorne.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Chem.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an
acid and a base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the
salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking,
it is the acid radical which unites with the base or
basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of
water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In
the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic
and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary
in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or
acid salts. See Phrases below.
[1913 Webster]
7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that
which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an
allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken
with a grain of salt.
[1913 Webster]
Ye are the salt of the earth. --Matt. v. 13.
[1913 Webster]
8. pl. Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic,
especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.
[1913 Webster]
9. pl. Marshes flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.]
[1913 Webster]
Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have
survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank,
of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long
table, the places above which were assigned to the guests
of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors,
and poor relations. See Saltfoot.
[1913 Webster]
His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is
beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the
salt. --B. Jonson.
[1913 Webster]
Acid salt (Chem.)
(a) A salt derived from an acid which has several
replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially
exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as,
acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt.
(b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives
an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is
composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is
an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is
a neutral salt.
Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline
reaction, as sodium carbonate.
Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly
regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic
oxide. [Obsolescent]
Basic salt (Chem.)
(a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent
than is required to neutralize the acid.
(b) An alkaline salt.
Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently
regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a
haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical.
Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union
of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium
sulphate. See under Double.
Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary.
Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by
crystallizing plant juices.
Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal.
Glauber's salt or Glauber's salts. See in Vocabulary.
Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as
sodium chloride.
Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic.
Neutral salt. (Chem.)
(a) A salt in which the acid and base (in theory)
neutralize each other.
(b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction.
Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid.
Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a
peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.]
Permanent salt, a salt which undergoes no change on
exposure to the air.
Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or
analogous compound.
Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle.
Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid.
Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate
of iron.
Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.)
(a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride.
(b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under
Hartshorn.
Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below.
Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; --
the alchemical name of lead being Saturn.
Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt.
Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate.
Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or
potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains;
-- so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also
sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon.
Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so
called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar,
or potassium tartrate. [Obs.]
Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate;
-- the alchemical name of copper being Venus.
Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth.
Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid.
Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base
or analogous compound.
Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit.
Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but
containing sulphur in place of oxygen.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary scale
(gcide) | Binary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary star
(gcide) | Binary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Binary theory
(gcide) | Theory \The"o*ry\, n.; pl. Theories. [F. th['e]orie, L.
theoria, Gr. ? a beholding, spectacle, contemplation,
speculation, fr. ? a spectator, ? to see, view. See
Theater.]
1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in
speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice;
hypothesis; speculation.
[1913 Webster]
Note: "This word is employed by English writers in a very
loose and improper sense. It is with them usually
convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly
used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory
and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the
terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were
exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this
sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the
Continental philosophers." --Sir W. Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any
science; as, the theory of music.
[1913 Webster]
3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory
and practice of medicine.
[1913 Webster]
4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either
physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion;
Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.
[1913 Webster]
Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic,
Binary, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Hypothesis, speculation.
Usage: Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the
relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic
whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture
respecting a cause of phenomena.
[1913 Webster] TheosophBinary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Concubinary
(gcide) | Concubinary \Con*cu"bi*na*ry\, a. [LL. concubinarius.]
Relating to concubinage; living in concubinage.
[1913 Webster]Concubinary \Con*cu"bi*na*ry\, n.; pl. Concubinaries.
One who lives in concubinage. --Jer. Taylor.
[1913 Webster] |
binary
(wn) | binary
adj 1: of or pertaining to a number system have 2 as its base;
"a binary digit"
2: consisting of two (units or components or elements or terms);
"a binary star is a system in which two stars revolve around
each other"; "a binary compound"; "the binary number system
has two as its base"
n 1: a system of two stars that revolve around each other under
their mutual gravitation [syn: binary star, binary,
double star]
2: a pre-compiled, pre-linked program that is ready to run under
a given operating system; a binary for one operating system
will not run on a different operating system; "the same
source code can be compiled to produce different binaries for
different operating systems" [syn: binary, {binary
program}] |
binary arithmetic operation
(wn) | binary arithmetic operation
n 1: an operation that follows the rules of Boolean algebra;
each operand and the result take one of two values [syn:
boolean operation, binary operation, {binary arithmetic
operation}] |
binary code
(wn) | binary code
n 1: code using a string of 8 binary digits to represent
characters |
binary compound
(wn) | binary compound
n 1: chemical compound composed of only two elements |
binary digit
(wn) | binary digit
n 1: either 0 or 1 in binary notation |
binary file
(wn) | binary file
n 1: (computer science) a computer file containing machine-
readable information that must be read by an application;
characters use all 8 bits of each byte |
binary notation
(wn) | binary notation
n 1: any notation that uses 2 characters (usually 0 and 1) |
binary number system
(wn) | binary number system
n 1: a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits
and a radix of two [syn: binary numeration system, {pure
binary numeration system}, binary number system, {binary
system}] |
binary numeration system
(wn) | binary numeration system
n 1: a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits
and a radix of two [syn: binary numeration system, {pure
binary numeration system}, binary number system, {binary
system}] |
binary operation
(wn) | binary operation
n 1: an operation that follows the rules of Boolean algebra;
each operand and the result take one of two values [syn:
boolean operation, binary operation, {binary arithmetic
operation}] |
binary program
(wn) | binary program
n 1: a pre-compiled, pre-linked program that is ready to run
under a given operating system; a binary for one operating
system will not run on a different operating system; "the
same source code can be compiled to produce different
binaries for different operating systems" [syn: binary,
binary program] |
binary star
(wn) | binary star
n 1: a system of two stars that revolve around each other under
their mutual gravitation [syn: binary star, binary,
double star] |
binary system
(wn) | binary system
n 1: a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits
and a radix of two [syn: binary numeration system, {pure
binary numeration system}, binary number system, {binary
system}] |
equivalent-binary-digit factor
(wn) | equivalent-binary-digit factor
n 1: the average number of binary digits needed to express one
radix digit in a numeration system that is not binary; on
the average a number that can be expressed in N decimal
digits takes 3.3N binary digits |
pure binary numeration system
(wn) | pure binary numeration system
n 1: a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits
and a radix of two [syn: binary numeration system, {pure
binary numeration system}, binary number system, {binary
system}] |
application binary interface
(foldoc) | Application Binary Interface
ABI
(ABI) The interface by which an {application
program} gains access to operating system and other
services. It should be possible to run the same compiled
binary applications on any system with the right ABI.
Examples are 88open's Binary Compatibility Standard, the
PowerOpen Environment and Windows sockets.
(1994-11-08)
|
binary
(foldoc) | binary
1. Base two. A number representation
consisting of zeros and ones used by practically all computers
because of its ease of implementation using digital
electronics and Boolean algebra.
2. binary file.
3. A description of an operator which takes
two arguments. See also unary, ternary.
(2005-02-21)
|
binary coded decimal
(foldoc) | binary coded decimal
BCD
packed decimal
(BCD, packed decimal) A number representation where a
number is expressed as a sequence of decimal digits and then
each decimal digit is encoded as a four-bit binary number (a
nibble). E.g. decimal 92 would be encoded as the eight-bit
sequence 1001 0010.
In some cases, the right-most nibble contains the sign
(positive or negative).
It is easier to convert decimal numbers to and from BCD than
binary and, though BCD is often converted to binary for
arithmetic processing, it is possible to build hardware that
operates directly on BCD.
[Do calculators use BCD?]
(2001-01-27)
|
binary compatibility standard
(foldoc) | Binary Compatibility Standard
(BCS) The ABI of 88open.
(1997-07-03)
|
binary counter
(foldoc) | binary counter
A digital circuit which has a clock
input and a number of count outputs which give the number of
clock cycles. The output may change either on rising or
falling clock edges. The circuit may also have a reset input
which sets all outputs to zero when asserted. The counter may
be either a synchronous counter or a ripple counter.
(1997-07-03)
|
binary data
(foldoc) | binary file
binaries
binary data
Any file format for digital data that does
not consist of a sequence of printable characters (text).
The term is often used for executable machine code.
All digital data, including characters, is actually binary
data (unless it uses some (rare) system with more than two
discrete levels) but the distinction between binary and text
is well established. On modern operating systems a text
file is simply a binary file that happens to contain only
printable characters, but some older systems distinguish the
two file types, requiring programs to handle them differently.
A common class of binary files is programs in {machine
language} ("executable files") ready to load into memory and
execute. Binary files may also be used to store data output
by a program, and intended to be read by that or another
program but not by humans. Binary files are more efficient
for this purpose because the data (e.g. numerical data) does
not need to be converted between the binary form used by the
CPU and a printable (ASCII) representation. The
disadvantage is that it is usually necessary to write special
purpose programs to manipulate such files since most general
purpose utilities operate on text files. There is also a
problem sharing binary numerical data between processors with
different endianness.
Some communications protocols handle only text files,
e.g. most electronic mail systems before MIME became
widespread in about 1995. The FTP utility must be put into
"binary" mode in order to copy a binary file since in its
default "ascii" mode translates between the different
newline characters used on the sending and receiving
computers.
Confusingly, some word processor files, and rich text
files, are actually binary files because they contain
non-printable characters and require special programs to view,
edit and print them.
(2005-02-21)
|
binary exponential backoff
(foldoc) | binary exponential backoff
An algorithm for dealing with contention in the use of a
network. To transmit a packet the host sets a local
parameter, L to 1 and transmits in one of the next L slots.
If a collision occurs, it doubles L and repeats.
|
binary file
(foldoc) | binary file
binaries
binary data
Any file format for digital data that does
not consist of a sequence of printable characters (text).
The term is often used for executable machine code.
All digital data, including characters, is actually binary
data (unless it uses some (rare) system with more than two
discrete levels) but the distinction between binary and text
is well established. On modern operating systems a text
file is simply a binary file that happens to contain only
printable characters, but some older systems distinguish the
two file types, requiring programs to handle them differently.
A common class of binary files is programs in {machine
language} ("executable files") ready to load into memory and
execute. Binary files may also be used to store data output
by a program, and intended to be read by that or another
program but not by humans. Binary files are more efficient
for this purpose because the data (e.g. numerical data) does
not need to be converted between the binary form used by the
CPU and a printable (ASCII) representation. The
disadvantage is that it is usually necessary to write special
purpose programs to manipulate such files since most general
purpose utilities operate on text files. There is also a
problem sharing binary numerical data between processors with
different endianness.
Some communications protocols handle only text files,
e.g. most electronic mail systems before MIME became
widespread in about 1995. The FTP utility must be put into
"binary" mode in order to copy a binary file since in its
default "ascii" mode translates between the different
newline characters used on the sending and receiving
computers.
Confusingly, some word processor files, and rich text
files, are actually binary files because they contain
non-printable characters and require special programs to view,
edit and print them.
(2005-02-21)
|
binary large object
(foldoc) | binary large object
(BLOB) A large block of data stored in a
database, such as an image or sound file. A BLOB has no
structure which can be interpreted by the {database management
system} but is known only by its size and location.
(1997-11-04)
|
binary package
(foldoc) | binary package
An archive file that contains all files and
directories that must be installed in order to make a working
installation of the program(s) included in the package, and
the maintainer scripts necessary for the installation. A
binary package is usually specific to a certain platform, in
contrast to a source package.
(2001-01-27)
|
binary prefix
(foldoc) | binary prefix
(Or "IEC prefix") A prefix used with a unit of data to
mean multiplication by a power of 1024. Binary prefixes are most
often used with "byte" (e.g. "kilobyte") but also with bit
(e.g. "megabit").
For example, the term kilobyte has historically been used to
mean 1024 bytes, and megabyte to mean 1,048,576 bytes. The
multipliers 1024 and 1,048,576 are powers of 1024, which is itself
a power of two (1024 = 2^10). It is this factor of two that gives
the name "binary prefix".
This is in contrast to a decimal prefix denoting a power of
1000, which is itself a power of ten (1000 = 10^3). Decimal
prefixes are used in science and engineering and are specified in
widely adopted SI standards. Note that the actual prefix - kilo
or mega - is the same, it is the interpretation that differs.
The difference between the two interpretations increases with each
multiplication, so while 1000 and 1024 differ by only 2.4%, 1000^6
and 1024^6 differ by 15%.
The 1024-based interpretation of prefixes is often still used
informally and especially when discussing the storage capacity of
random-access memory. This has lead to storage device
manufacturers being accused of false marketing for using the
decimal interpretation where customers might assume the larger,
historical, binary interpretation.
In an attempt to clarify the distinction, in 1998 the IEC
specified that kilobyte, megabyte, etc. should only be used for
powers of 1000 (following SI). They specified new prefixes for
powers of 1024 containing "bi" for "binary": kibibyte,
mebibyte, etc.; an idea originally propsed by IUPAC. IEC also
specified new abbreviations Ki, Mi, etc. for the new prefixes.
Many other standards bodies such as NIST, IEEE and BIPM
support this proposal but as of 2013 its use is rare in
non-technical circles.
Specific units of IEC 60027-2 A.2 and ISO/IEC 80000
IEC prefix Representations Customary prefix
Name Symbol Base 2 Base Base 10 Name Symbol
1024 (approx)
kibi Ki 2^10 1024^1 1.02x10^3 kilo k, K
mebi Mi 2^20 1024^2 1.05x10^6 mega M
gibi Gi 2^30 1024^3 1.07x10^9 giga G
tebi Ti 2^40 1024^4 1.10x10^12 tera T
pebi Pi 2^50 1024^5 1.13x10^15 peta P
exbi Ei 2^60 1024^6 1.15x10^18 exa E
zebi Zi 2^70 1024^7 1.18x10^21 zetta Z
yobi Yi 2^80 1024^8 1.21x10^24 yotta Y
(2013-11-04)
|
binary relation
(foldoc) | binary relation
A relation between two sets or between a set
and itself.
A partial order is a binary relation on a set that satisfies
certain criteria.
(2019-08-31)
|
binary search
(foldoc) | binary search
A search algorithm which repeatedly divides an
ordered search space in half according to how the required
(key) value compares with the middle element.
The following pseudo-C routine performs a binary search
return the index of the element of vector "thing[first..last]"
equal to "target":
if (target < thing[first] || target > thing[last])
return NOT_FOUND;
while (first < last)
{
mid = (first+last)/2; /* truncate to integer */
if (target == thing[mid])
return mid;
if (target < thing[mid])
last = mid-1;
else
first = mid+1;
}
if (target == thing[last])
return last;
return NOT_FOUND;
(2003-01-14)
|
binary synchronous transmission
(foldoc) | Binary Synchronous Transmission
2780
3780
bisync
(Bisynch) An IBM link protocol, developed in
the 1960 and popular in the 1970s and 1980s.
Binary Synchronous Transmission has been largely replaced in
IBM environments with SDLC. Bisync was developed for
batch communications between a System 360 computer and the
IBM 2780 and 3780 Remote Job Entry (RJE) terminals. It
supports RJE and on-line terminals in the CICS/VSE
environment. It operates with EBCDIC or ASCII {character
sets}. It requires that every message be acknowledged (ACK)
or negatively acknowledged (NACK) so it has high
transmission overhead. It is typically character oriented and
half-duplex, although some of the bisync protocol flavours
or dialects support binary transmission and full-duplex
operation.
(1997-01-07)
|
binary tree
(foldoc) | binary tree
(btree) A tree in which each node has at most two successors
or child nodes. In Haskell this could be represented as
data BTree a = NilTree
| Node a (BTree a) (BTree a)
See also balanced tree.
(1994-11-29)
|
extended binary coded decimal interchange code
(foldoc) | Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EBCDIC
/eb's*-dik/, /eb'see`dik/, /eb'k*-dik/,
/ee`bik'dik`/, /*-bik'dik`/ (EBCDIC) A proprietary 8-bit
character set used on IBM dinosaurs, the AS/400, and
e-Server.
EBCDIC is an extension to 8 bits of BCDIC (Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code), an earlier 6-bit character set used
on IBM computers. EBCDIC was [first?] used on the successful
System/360, anounced on 1964-04-07, and survived for many
years despite the almost universal adoption of ASCII
elsewhere. Was this concern for backward compatibility or,
as many believe, a marketing strategy to lock in IBM
customers?
IBM created 57 national EBCDIC character sets and an
International Reference Version (IRV) based on ISO 646 (and
hence ASCII compatible). Documentation on these was not
easily accessible making international exchange of data even
between IBM mainframes a tricky task.
US EBCDIC uses more or less the same characters as ASCII,
but different code points. It has non-contiguous letter
sequences, some ASCII characters do not exist in EBCDIC
(e.g. square brackets), and EBCDIC has some (cent sign,
not sign) not in ASCII. As a consequence, the translation
between ASCII and EBCDIC was never officially completely
defined. Users defined one translation which resulted in a
so-called de-facto EBCDIC containing all the characters of
ASCII, that all ASCII-related programs use.
Some printers, telex machines, and even electronic cash
registers can speak EBCDIC, but only so they can converse with
IBM mainframes.
For an in-depth discussion of character code sets, and full
translation tables, see {Guidelines on 8-bit character codes
(ftp://ftp.ulg.ac.be/pub/docs/iso8859/iso8859.networking)}.
{A history of character codes
(http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/characcodehist.html)}.
(2002-03-03)
|
fat binary
(foldoc) | fat binary
An executable file containing code for more
than one CPU. The correct code is selected automatically at
run time. This is convenient for distributing software and
sharing it between multiple platforms.
NEXTSTEP supports fat binaries, e.g. for Motorola 68000,
Intel 80486 and SPARC ("triple fat"). Mac OS supports
fat binaries for both 680x0 and PowerPC native code.
[Other OSes?]
(1995-09-23)
|
macbinary
(foldoc) | MacBinary
An eight-bit wide representation of the data and
resource forks of an Macintosh file and of relevant
Finder information. MacBinary files are recognised as
"special" by several MacIntosh terminal emulators. These
emulators, using Kermit or XMODEM or any other file
transfer protocol, can separate the incoming file into forks
and appropriately modify the Desktop to display icons,
types, creation dates, and the like.
(1995-03-08)
|
two-binary, one-quaternary
(foldoc) | two-binary, one-quaternary
2B1Q
(2B1Q) A physical layer encoding used for
Integrated Services Digital Network basic rate interface.
2B1Q represents two bits (2B - a "dibit") using one of four
signal levels (1Q - a "quadratude"). The first bit of the
dibit is indicated by polarity: positive indicates a binary 1
and negative indicates a 0. The second half of the dibit is
indicated by voltage magnitude: 1 Volt indicates a binary 1
and 3 Volts indicates binary 0.
(2003-01-10)
|
windows application binary interface
(foldoc) | Windows Application Binary Interface
Wabi
(WABI) A software package from {Sun
Microsystems} to allow certain Microsoft Windows
applications under the X Window System. Wabi 2.2 runs under
Solaris on SPARC, Intel, and PowerPC. Wabi works by
providing translated versions of the three core Windows
libraries, user.dll, kernel.dll, and gdi.dll which
redirect Windows calls to Solaris equivalents. For code other
than core library calls Wabi either executes the instructions
directly on the hardware, if it is Intel, or emulates them,
either one instruction at a time or by translating a block of
instructions and caching the result (e.g. for a loop).
WabiServer allows the Windows application and X display to
be on different computers.
Overview (http://sun.com/solaris/products/wabi/).
(1997-01-08)
|
binary four
(jargon) | binary four
n.
[Usenet] The finger, in the sense of digitus impudicus. This comes from an
analogy between binary and the hand, i.e. 1=00001=thumb, 2=00010=index
finger, 3=00011=index and thumb, 4=00100. Considered silly. Prob. from
humorous derivative of finger, sense 4.
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