| slovo | definícia |
constraint satisfaction
(foldoc) | constraint satisfaction
The process of assigning values to variables while
meeting certain requirements or "constraints". For example, in
graph colouring, a node is a variable, the colour assigned to it
is its value and a link between two nodes represents the
constraint that those two nodes must not be assigned the same
colour. In scheduling, constraints apply to such variables as
the starting and ending times for tasks.
The Simplex method is one well known technique for solving
numerical constraints.
The search difficulty of constraint satisfaction problems can be
determined on average from knowledge of easily computed structural
properties of the problems. In fact, hard instances of
NP-complete problems are concentrated near an abrupt transition
between under- and over-constrained problems. This transition is
analogous to phase transitions in physical systems and offers a
way to estimate the likely difficulty of a constraint problem
before attempting to solve it with search.
{Phase transitions in search
(ftp://parcftp.xerox.com/pub/dynamics/constraints.html)} (Tad
Hogg, XEROX PARC).
(1995-02-15)
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