| slovo | definícia |
crystallization
(encz) | crystallization,krystalizace n: Zdeněk Brož |
crystallization
(encz) | crystallization,krystalizování n: Zdeněk Brož |
Crystallization
(gcide) | Crystallization \Crys`tal*li*za"tion\
(kr[i^]s`tal*l[i^]*z[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F.
cristallization.]
1. (Chem. & Min.) The act or process by which a substance in
solidifying assumes the form and structure of a crystal,
or becomes crystallized; the formation of crystals.
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2. The body formed by crystallizing; as, silver on
precipitation forms arborescent crystallizations.
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Note: The systems of crystallization are the several classes
to which the forms are mathematically referable. They
are most simply described according to the relative
lengths and inclinations of certain assumed lines
called axes; but the real distinction is the degree of
symmetry characterizing them. 1. {The Isometric
system}, or The Monometric system has the axes all
equal, as in the cube, octahedron, etc. 2. {The
Tetragonal system}, or The Dimetric system has a
varying vertical axis, while the lateral are equal, as
in the right square prism. 3. {The Orthorhombic
system}, or The Trimetric system has the three axes
unequal, as in the rectangular and rhombic prism. In
this system, the lateral axes are called, respectively,
macrodiagonal and brachydiagonal. -- The preceding are
erect forms, the axes intersecting at right angles. The
following are oblique. 4. The Monoclinic system,
having one of the intersections oblique, as in the
oblique rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes
are called respectively, clinodiagonal and
orthodiagonal. 5. The Triclinic system, having all
the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique
rhomboidal prism. There is also: 6. {The Hexagonal
system} (one division of which is called Rhombohedral),
in which there are three equal lateral axes, and a
vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal
prism and the rhombohedron.
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Note: The Diclinic system, sometimes recognized, with two
oblique intersections, is only a variety of the
Triclinic.
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crystallization
(wn) | crystallization
n 1: the formation of crystals [syn: crystallization,
crystallisation, crystallizing]
2: a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has
regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces
[syn: crystal, crystallization]
3: a mental synthesis that becomes fixed or concrete by a
process resembling crystal formation |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
recrystallization
(encz) | recrystallization,rekrystalizace Zdeněk Brož |
water of crystallization
(encz) | water of crystallization, n: |
Crystallization
(gcide) | Crystallization \Crys`tal*li*za"tion\
(kr[i^]s`tal*l[i^]*z[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [Cf. F.
cristallization.]
1. (Chem. & Min.) The act or process by which a substance in
solidifying assumes the form and structure of a crystal,
or becomes crystallized; the formation of crystals.
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2. The body formed by crystallizing; as, silver on
precipitation forms arborescent crystallizations.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The systems of crystallization are the several classes
to which the forms are mathematically referable. They
are most simply described according to the relative
lengths and inclinations of certain assumed lines
called axes; but the real distinction is the degree of
symmetry characterizing them. 1. {The Isometric
system}, or The Monometric system has the axes all
equal, as in the cube, octahedron, etc. 2. {The
Tetragonal system}, or The Dimetric system has a
varying vertical axis, while the lateral are equal, as
in the right square prism. 3. {The Orthorhombic
system}, or The Trimetric system has the three axes
unequal, as in the rectangular and rhombic prism. In
this system, the lateral axes are called, respectively,
macrodiagonal and brachydiagonal. -- The preceding are
erect forms, the axes intersecting at right angles. The
following are oblique. 4. The Monoclinic system,
having one of the intersections oblique, as in the
oblique rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes
are called respectively, clinodiagonal and
orthodiagonal. 5. The Triclinic system, having all
the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique
rhomboidal prism. There is also: 6. {The Hexagonal
system} (one division of which is called Rhombohedral),
in which there are three equal lateral axes, and a
vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal
prism and the rhombohedron.
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Note: The Diclinic system, sometimes recognized, with two
oblique intersections, is only a variety of the
Triclinic.
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Fractional crystallization
(gcide) | Fractional \Frac"tion*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting
a fraction; as, fractional numbers.
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2. Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; as, a
fractional part of the population.
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Fractional crystallization (Chem.), a process of gradual
and approximate purification and separation, by means of
repeated solution and crystallization therefrom.
Fractional currency, small coin, or paper notes, in
circulation, of less value than the monetary unit.
Fractional distillation (Chem.), a process of distillation
so conducted that a mixture of liquids, differing
considerably from each other in their boiling points, can
be separated into its constituents.
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Recrystallization
(gcide) | Recrystallization \Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion\
(r[=e]*kr[i^]s`tal*l[i^]*z[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. (Chem. & Min.)
The process or recrystallizing.
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Water of crystallization
(gcide) | Water \Wa"ter\ (w[add]"t[~e]r), n. [AS. w[ae]ter; akin to OS.
watar, OFries. wetir, weter, LG. & D. water, G. wasser, OHG.
wazzar, Icel. vatn, Sw. vatten, Dan. vand, Goth. wat[=o], O.
Slav. & Russ. voda, Gr. 'y`dwr, Skr. udan water, ud to wet,
and perhaps to L. unda wave. [root]137. Cf. Dropsy,
Hydra, Otter, Wet, Whisky.]
1. The fluid which descends from the clouds in rain, and
which forms rivers, lakes, seas, etc. "We will drink
water." --Shak. "Powers of fire, air, water, and earth."
--Milton.
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Note: Pure water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, and
is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, transparent
liquid, which is very slightly compressible. At its
maximum density, 39[deg] Fahr. or 4[deg] C., it is the
standard for specific gravities, one cubic centimeter
weighing one gram. It freezes at 32[deg] Fahr. or
0[deg] C. and boils at 212[deg] Fahr. or 100[deg] C.
(see Ice, Steam). It is the most important natural
solvent, and is frequently impregnated with foreign
matter which is mostly removed by distillation; hence,
rain water is nearly pure. It is an important
ingredient in the tissue of animals and plants, the
human body containing about two thirds its weight of
water.
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2. A body of water, standing or flowing; a lake, river, or
other collection of water.
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Remembering he had passed over a small water a poor
scholar when first coming to the university, he
kneeled. --Fuller.
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3. Any liquid secretion, humor, or the like, resembling
water; esp., the urine.
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4. (Pharm.) A solution in water of a gaseous or readily
volatile substance; as, ammonia water. --U. S. Pharm.
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5. The limpidity and luster of a precious stone, especially a
diamond; as, a diamond of the first water, that is,
perfectly pure and transparent. Hence, of the first water,
that is, of the first excellence.
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6. A wavy, lustrous pattern or decoration such as is imparted
to linen, silk, metals, etc. See Water, v. t., 3,
Damask, v. t., and Damaskeen.
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7. An addition to the shares representing the capital of a
stock company so that the aggregate par value of the
shares is increased while their value for investment is
diminished, or "diluted." [Brokers' Cant]
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Note: Water is often used adjectively and in the formation of
many self-explaining compounds; as, water drainage;
water gauge, or water-gauge; waterfowl, water-fowl, or
water fowl; water-beaten; water-borne, water-circled,
water-girdled, water-rocked, etc.
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Hard water. See under Hard.
Inch of water, a unit of measure of quantity of water,
being the quantity which will flow through an orifice one
inch square, or a circular orifice one inch in diameter,
in a vertical surface, under a stated constant head; also
called miner's inch, and water inch. The shape of the
orifice and the head vary in different localities. In the
Western United States, for hydraulic mining, the standard
aperture is square and the head from 4 to 9 inches above
its center. In Europe, for experimental hydraulics, the
orifice is usually round and the head from 1/2 of an inch
to 1 inch above its top.
Mineral water, waters which are so impregnated with foreign
ingredients, such as gaseous, sulphureous, and saline
substances, as to give them medicinal properties, or a
particular flavor or temperature.
Soft water, water not impregnated with lime or mineral
salts.
To hold water. See under Hold, v. t.
To keep one's head above water, to keep afloat; fig., to
avoid failure or sinking in the struggles of life.
[Colloq.]
To make water.
(a) To pass urine. --Swift.
(b) (Naut.) To admit water; to leak.
Water of crystallization (Chem.), the water combined with
many salts in their crystalline form. This water is
loosely, but, nevertheless, chemically, combined, for it
is held in fixed and definite amount for each substance
containing it. Thus, while pure copper sulphate, CuSO4,
is a white amorphous substance, blue vitriol, the
crystallized form, CuSO4.5H2O, contains five molecules
of water of crystallization.
Water on the brain (Med.), hydrocephalus.
Water on the chest (Med.), hydrothorax.
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Note: Other phrases, in which water occurs as the first
element, will be found in alphabetical order in the
Vocabulary.
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water of crystallization
(wn) | water of crystallization
n 1: the water present in hydrated compounds [syn: {water of
crystallization}, water of crystallisation, {water of
hydration}] |
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