| slovo | definícia |
input/output
(foldoc) | input/output
(I/O) Communication between a
computer and its users, its storage devices, other computers
(via a network) or the outside world. The devices the
computer uses to do this are called "peripherals". What
actually counts as I/O depends on what level of detail you are
considering, e.g. communication between processors would not
be considered I/O when considering a multiprocessor as a
single system.
Important aspects of I/O are throughput, latency, and
whether the communications is synchronous or asynchronous
(using some kind of buffer).
(2003-12-04)
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
i/o (input/output)
(encz) | I/O (Input/Output),Vstup/Výstup [zkr.] Milan Svoboda |
basic input/output system
(foldoc) | Basic Input/Output System
BIOS
ROM BIOS
(BIOS, ROM BIOS) The part of the {system
software} of the IBM PC and compatibles that provides the
lowest level interface to peripheral devices and controls
the first stage of the bootstrap process, including
installing the operating system. The BIOS is stored in
ROM, or equivalent, in every PC. Its main task is to load
and execute the operating system which is usually stored on
the computer's hard disk, but may be loaded from CD-ROM or
floppy disk at install time.
In order to provide acceptable performance (e.g. for screen
display), some software vendors access the routines in the
BIOS directly, rather than using the higher level operating
system calls. Thus, the BIOS in the compatible computer must
be 100% compatible with the IBM BIOS.
As if that wasn't bad enough, many application programs
bypass even the BIOS and address the screen hardware directly
just as the BIOS does. Consequently, register level
compatibility is required in the compatible's display
electronics, which means that it must provide the same storage
locations and identification as the original IBM hardware.
(1999-06-09)
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input/output redirection
(foldoc) | input/output redirection
I/O redirection
In Unix, to send ouput from a process
to different file or device or to another process via a
pipe, or to have a process read its input from a different
file, device or pipe. Some other operating systems have
similar facilities.
To redirect input to come from a file instead of the keyboard,
use " |
intelligent input/output
(foldoc) | Intelligent Input/Output
I2O
Intelligent I/O
/i:-too-oh/ (I2O) A specification which aims to
provide an I/O device driver architecture that is
independent of both the specific device being controlled and
the host operating system. The Hardware Device Module (HDM)
manages the device and the OS Services Module (OSM) interfaces
to the host operating system. The HDM is portable across
multiple operating systems, processors and busses. The HDM
and OSM communicate via a two layer message passing
protocol. A Message Layer sets up a communications session
and runs on top of a Transport Layer which defines how the two
parties share information.
I2O is also designed to facilitate intelligent I/O subsystems,
with support for message passing between multiple
independent processors. By relieving the host of interrupt
intensive I/O tasks required by the various layers of a driver
architecture, the I2O intelligent I/O architecture greatly
improves I/O performance. I2O systems will be able to more
efficiently deliver the I/O throughput required by a wide
range of high bandwidth applications, such as networked
video, groupware and client-server processing. I2O does
not restrict where the layered modules execute, providing
support for single processor, multiprocessor, and
clustered systems.
I2O is not intended to replace the driver architectures
currently in existence. Rather, the objective is to provide
an open, standards-based approach, which is complementary to
existing drivers, and provides a framework for the rapid
development of a new generation of portable, intelligent I/O.
(http://i2osig.org/).
(1997-11-04)
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netware input/output subsystem
(foldoc) | Netware Input/Output Subsystem
NIOS
(NIOS) The lowest layer in
the Novell NetWare client architecture. NIOS is the
interface layer between the client operating system and the
32-bit client services provided by NetWare.
(http://developer.novell.com/research/appnotes/1996/november/01/04.htm).
(1999-04-24)
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standard input/output
(foldoc) | standard input/output
standard I/O
stderr
stdin
stdio
stdout
The predefined input/output
channels which every Unix process is initialised with.
Standard input is by default from the terminal, and standard
output and standard error are to the terminal. Each of these
channels (controlled via a file descriptor 0, 1, or 2 -
stdin, stdout, stderr) can be redirected to a file, another
device or a pipe connecting its process to another process.
The process is normally unaware of such I/O redirection,
thus simplifying prototyping of combinations of commands.
The C programming language library includes routines to
perform basic operations on standard I/O. Examples are
"printf", allowing text to be sent to standard output, and
"scanf", allowing the program to read from standard input.
(1996-06-07)
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