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metals
(encz) | metals,kovy n: |
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Alkaline metals
(gcide) | Alkaline \Al"ka*line\ (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. alcalin.]
Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the
properties of an alkali.
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Alkaline earths, certain substances, as lime, baryta,
strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities
of alkalies.
Alkaline metals, potassium, sodium, c[ae]sium, lithium,
rubidium.
Alkaline reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by
the action on limits, turmeric, etc.
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Heavy metals
(gcide) | Metal \Met"al\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F. m['e]tal, L. metallum
metal, mine, Gr. ? mine; cf. Gr. ? to search after. Cf.
Mettle, Medal.]
1. (Chem.) An elementary substance, as sodium, calcium, or
copper, whose oxide or hydroxide has basic rather than
acid properties, as contrasted with the nonmetals, or
metalloids. No sharp line can be drawn between the metals
and nonmetals, and certain elements partake of both acid
and basic qualities, as chromium, manganese, bismuth, etc.
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Note: Popularly, the name is applied to certain hard, fusible
metals, as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc,
nickel, etc., and also to the mixed metals, or metallic
alloys, as brass, bronze, steel, bell metal, etc.
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2. Ore from which a metal is derived; -- so called by miners.
--Raymond.
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3. A mine from which ores are taken. [Obs.]
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Slaves . . . and persons condemned to metals. --Jer.
Taylor.
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4. The substance of which anything is made; material; hence,
constitutional disposition; character; temper.
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Not till God make men of some other metal than
earth. --Shak.
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5. Courage; spirit; mettle. See Mettle. --Shak.
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Note: The allusion is to the temper of the metal of a sword
blade. --Skeat.
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6. The broken stone used in macadamizing roads and ballasting
railroads.
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7. The effective power or caliber of guns carried by a vessel
of war.
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8. Glass in a state of fusion. --Knight.
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9. pl. The rails of a railroad. [Eng.]
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Base metal (Chem.), any one of the metals, as iron, lead,
etc., which are readily tarnished or oxidized, in contrast
with the noble metals. In general, a metal of small value,
as compared with gold or silver.
Fusible metal (Metal.), a very fusible alloy, usually
consisting of bismuth with lead, tin, or cadmium.
Heavy metals (Chem.), the metallic elements not included in
the groups of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or the
earths; specifically, the heavy metals, as gold, mercury,
platinum, lead, silver, etc.
Light metals (Chem.), the metallic elements of the alkali
and alkaline earth groups, as sodium, lithium, calcium,
magnesium, etc.; also, sometimes, the metals of the
earths, as aluminium.
Muntz metal, an alloy for sheathing and other purposes,
consisting of about sixty per cent of copper, and forty of
zinc. Sometimes a little lead is added. It is named from
the inventor.
Prince's metal (Old Chem.), an alloy resembling brass,
consisting of three parts of copper to one of zinc; --
also called Prince Rupert's metal.
[1913 Webster]Heavy \Heav"y\, a. [Compar. Heavier; superl. Heaviest.] [OE.
hevi, AS. hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG.
hebig, hevig, Icel. h["o]figr, h["o]fugr. See Heave.]
1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty;
ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in
extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or
snow; a heavy failure; heavy business transactions, etc.;
often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also,
difficult to move; as, a heavy draught.
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2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure
or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy
yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc.
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The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod.
--1 Sam. v. 6.
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The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make.
--Shak.
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Sent hither to impart the heavy news. --Wordsworth.
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Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence.
--Shak.
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3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened;
bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care,
grief, pain, disappointment.
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The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were.
--Chapman.
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A light wife doth make a heavy husband. --Shak.
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4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate,
stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the
like; a heavy writer or book.
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Whilst the heavy plowman snores. --Shak.
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Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind. --Dryden.
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Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear.
--Is. lix. 1.
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5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm,
cannonade, and the like.
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6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder.
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But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more.
--Byron.
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7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the
sky.
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8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a
heavy road, soil, and the like.
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9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread.
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10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not
easily digested; -- said of food.
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11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other
liquors.
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12. With child; pregnant. [R.]
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Heavy artillery. (Mil.)
(a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege,
garrison, and seacoast guns.
(b) Troops which serve heavy guns.
Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry.
Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading,
or discharge of small arms.
Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large
size; also, large balls for such guns.
Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal.
Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to
the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are
divided. Cf. Feather weight
(c), under Feather.
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Note: Heavy is used in composition to form many words which
need no special explanation; as, heavy-built,
heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc.
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Light metals
(gcide) | Metal \Met"al\ (? or ?; 277), n. [F. m['e]tal, L. metallum
metal, mine, Gr. ? mine; cf. Gr. ? to search after. Cf.
Mettle, Medal.]
1. (Chem.) An elementary substance, as sodium, calcium, or
copper, whose oxide or hydroxide has basic rather than
acid properties, as contrasted with the nonmetals, or
metalloids. No sharp line can be drawn between the metals
and nonmetals, and certain elements partake of both acid
and basic qualities, as chromium, manganese, bismuth, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Popularly, the name is applied to certain hard, fusible
metals, as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc,
nickel, etc., and also to the mixed metals, or metallic
alloys, as brass, bronze, steel, bell metal, etc.
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2. Ore from which a metal is derived; -- so called by miners.
--Raymond.
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3. A mine from which ores are taken. [Obs.]
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Slaves . . . and persons condemned to metals. --Jer.
Taylor.
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4. The substance of which anything is made; material; hence,
constitutional disposition; character; temper.
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Not till God make men of some other metal than
earth. --Shak.
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5. Courage; spirit; mettle. See Mettle. --Shak.
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Note: The allusion is to the temper of the metal of a sword
blade. --Skeat.
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6. The broken stone used in macadamizing roads and ballasting
railroads.
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7. The effective power or caliber of guns carried by a vessel
of war.
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8. Glass in a state of fusion. --Knight.
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9. pl. The rails of a railroad. [Eng.]
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Base metal (Chem.), any one of the metals, as iron, lead,
etc., which are readily tarnished or oxidized, in contrast
with the noble metals. In general, a metal of small value,
as compared with gold or silver.
Fusible metal (Metal.), a very fusible alloy, usually
consisting of bismuth with lead, tin, or cadmium.
Heavy metals (Chem.), the metallic elements not included in
the groups of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or the
earths; specifically, the heavy metals, as gold, mercury,
platinum, lead, silver, etc.
Light metals (Chem.), the metallic elements of the alkali
and alkaline earth groups, as sodium, lithium, calcium,
magnesium, etc.; also, sometimes, the metals of the
earths, as aluminium.
Muntz metal, an alloy for sheathing and other purposes,
consisting of about sixty per cent of copper, and forty of
zinc. Sometimes a little lead is added. It is named from
the inventor.
Prince's metal (Old Chem.), an alloy resembling brass,
consisting of three parts of copper to one of zinc; --
also called Prince Rupert's metal.
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Noble metals
(gcide) | Noble \No"ble\, a. [Compar. Nobler; superl. Noblest.] [F.
noble, fr. L. nobilis that can be or is known, well known,
famous, highborn, noble, fr. noscere to know. See know.]
1. Possessing eminence, elevation, dignity, etc.; above
whatever is low, mean, degrading, or dishonorable;
magnanimous; as, a noble nature or action; a noble heart.
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Statues, with winding ivy crowned, belong
To nobler poets for a nobler song. --Dryden.
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2. Grand; stately; magnificent; splendid; as, a noble
edifice.
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3. Of exalted rank; of or pertaining to the nobility;
distinguished from the masses by birth, station, or title;
highborn; as, noble blood; a noble personage.
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Note: Noble is used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, noble-born, noble-hearted, noble-minded.
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Noble gas (Chem.), a gaseous element belonging to group
VIII of the periodic table of elements, not combining with
other elements under normal reaction conditions;
specifically, helium, neon, argon, krypton,
xenon, or radon; also called inert gas.
Noble metals (Chem.), silver, gold, and platinum; -- so
called from their resistance to oxidation by air and to
dissolution by acids. Copper, mercury, aluminium,
palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium are sometimes
included.
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Syn: Honorable; worthy; dignified; elevated; exalted;
superior; sublime; great; eminent; illustrious;
renowned; stately; splendid; magnificent; grand;
magnanimous; generous; liberal; free.
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Platinum metals
(gcide) | Platinum \Plat"i*num\, n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata
silver, LL. plata a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf.
Platina.] (Chem.)
A metallic element of atomic number 78, one of the noble
metals, classed with silver and gold as a precious metal,
occurring native or alloyed with other metals and also as the
platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is a heavy tin-white metal
which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible (melting
point 1772[deg] C), and characterized by its resistance to
strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles in
laboratory operations, as a catalyst, in jewelry, for stills
for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil
and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic
weight 195.1. Symbol Pt. Formerly called platina.
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Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black powder,
consisting of finely divided metallic platinum obtained by
reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs
oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer.
Platinum lamp (Elec.), a kind of incandescent lamp of which
the luminous medium is platinum. See under Incandescent.
Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of metallic elements
which in their chemical and physical properties resemble
platinum. These consist of the light platinum group, viz.,
rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific
gravities are about 12; and the heavy platinum group,
viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific
gravities are over 21.
Platinum sponge (Chem.), metallic platinum in a gray,
porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing the double
chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs oxygen,
hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and
is employed as an agent in oxidizing.
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Precious metals
(gcide) | Precious \Pre"cious\, a. [OF. precious, precius, precios, F.
pr['e]cieux, L. pretiosus, fr. pretium price, worth, value.
See Price.]
1. Of great price; costly; as, a precious stone. "The
precious bane." --Milton.
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2. Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed;
dear; beloved; as, precious recollections.
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She is more precious than rules. --Prov. iii.
15.
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Many things which are most precious are neglected
only because the value of them lieth hid. --Hooker.
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Note: Also used ironically; as, a precious rascal.
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3. Particular; fastidious; overnice; overrefined. Cf.
Pr['e]cieuse, Preciosity.
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Lest that precious folk be with me wroth. --Chaucer.
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Elaborate embroidery of precious language.
--Saintsbury.
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Precious metals, the uncommon and highly valuable metals,
esp. gold and silver.
Precious stones, gems; jewels.
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Protometals
(gcide) | Protometals \Pro`to*met"als\, n. pl.
A finer form of metals, indicated by enhanced lines in their
spark spectra (which are also observed in the spectra of some
stars), obtained at the highest available laboratory
temperatures (--Lockyer); as protocalcium, protochromium,
protocopper, protonickel, protosilicon, protostrontium,
prototitanium, protovanadium. -- Pro`to*me*tal"ic, a.
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Transmutation of metals
(gcide) | Transmutation \Trans`mu*ta"tion\, n. [F. transmutation, L.
transmutatio. See Transmute.]
1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted;
as, the transmutation of metals.
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2. (Geom.) The change or reduction of one figure or body into
another of the same area or solidity, but of a different
form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.]
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3. (Biol.) The change of one species into another, which is
assumed to take place in any development theory of life;
transformism. --Bacon.
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Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base
metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by
the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone,
under Philosopher.
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Voltaic protection of metals
(gcide) | Voltaic \Vol*ta"ic\, a. [Cf. F. volta["i]que, It. voltaico.]
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1. Of or pertaining to Alessandro Volta, who first devised
apparatus for developing electric currents by chemical
action, and established this branch of electric science;
discovered by Volta; as, voltaic electricity.
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2. Of or pertaining to voltaism, or voltaic electricity; as,
voltaic induction; the voltaic arc.
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Note: See the Note under Galvanism.
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Voltaic arc, a luminous arc, of intense brilliancy, formed
between carbon points as electrodes by the passage of a
powerful voltaic current.
Voltaic battery, an apparatus variously constructed,
consisting of a series of plates or pieces of dissimilar
metals, as copper and zinc, arranged in pairs, and
subjected to the action of a saline or acid solution, by
which a current of electricity is generated whenever the
two poles, or ends of the series, are connected by a
conductor; a galvanic battery. See Battery, 4.
(b), and Note.
Voltaic circuit. See under Circuit.
Voltaic couple or Voltaic element, a single pair of the
connected plates of a battery.
Voltaic electricity. See the Note under Electricity.
Voltaic pile, a kind of voltaic battery consisting of
alternate disks of dissimilar metals, separated by
moistened cloth or paper. See 5th Pile.
Voltaic protection of metals, the protection of a metal
exposed to the corrosive action of sea water, saline or
acid liquids, or the like, by associating it with a metal
which is positive to it, as when iron is galvanized, or
coated with zinc.
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