| slovo | definícia |
piracy
(encz) | piracy,pirátství n: Zdeněk Brož |
Piracy
(gcide) | Piracy \Pi"ra*cy\, n.; pl. Piracies. [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. ?.
See Pirate.]
1. The act or crime of a pirate.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of
property from others on the open sea by open violence;
without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; -- a
crime answering to robbery on land.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Note: By statute law several other offenses committed on the
seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the
slave trade) have been made piracy.
[1913 Webster]
3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation
of copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct
and preferable term." --Abbott.
[1913 Webster] |
piracy
(wn) | piracy
n 1: hijacking on the high seas or in similar contexts; taking a
ship or plane away from the control of those who are
legally entitled to it; "air piracy" [syn: piracy,
buccaneering]
2: the act of plagiarizing; taking someone's words or ideas as
if they were your own [syn: plagiarism, plagiarization,
plagiarisation, piracy] |
piracy
(foldoc) | software piracy
piracy
Making or distributing unauthorised copies of
software, either for kudos or for profit. See {software
theft}.
(2010-02-03)
|
piracy
(devil) | PIRACY, n. Commerce without its folly-swaddles, just as God made it.
|
PIRACY
(bouvier) | PIRACY, crim. law. A robbery or forcible depreciation on the high seas,
without lawful authority, done animo furandi, in the spirit and intention of
universal hostility. 5 Wheat. 153, 163; 3 Wheat. 610; 3 Wash. C. C. R. 209.
This is the definition of this offence by the law of nations. 1 Kent, Com.
183. The word is derived from peira deceptio, deceit or deception: or from
peiron wandering up and down, and resting in no place, but coasting hither
and thither to do mischief. Ridley's View, Part 2, c. 1, s. 3.
2. Congress may define and punish piracies and felonies on the high
seas, and offences against the law of nations. Const. U. S. Art. 1, s. 7, n.
10; 5 Wheat. 184, 153, 76; 3 Wheat. 336. In pursuance of the authority thus
given by the constitution, it was declared by the act of congress of April
30, 1790, s. 8, 1 Story's Laws U. S. 84, that murder or robbery committed on
the high seas, or in any river, haven, or bay, out of the jurisdiction of
any particular state, or any offence, which, if committed within the body of
a county, would, by the laws of the United States, be punishable with death,
should be adjudged to be piracy and felony, and punishable with death. It
was further declared, that if any captain or manner should piratically and
feloniously run away with a vessel, or any goods or merchandise of the value
of fifty dollars; or should yield up such vessel voluntarily to pirates; or
if any seaman should forcible endeavor to hinder his commander from
defending the ship or goods committed to his trust, or should make revolt in
the ship; every such offender should be adjudged a pirate and felon, and be
punishable with death. Accessaries before the fact are punishable as the
principal; those after the fact with fine and imprisonment.
3. By a subsequent act, passed March 3, 1819, 3 Story, 1739, made
perpetual by the act of May 15, 1820, 1 Story, 1798, congress declared, that
if any person upon the high seas, should commit the crime of piracy as
defined by the law of nations, he should, on conviction, suffer death.
4. And again by the act of May 15, 1820, s. 3, 1 Story, 1798, congress
declared that if any person should, upon the high seas, or in any open
roadstead, or in any haven, basin or bay, or in any river where the sea ebbs
and flows, commit the crime of robbery in or upon any ship or vessel, or
upon any of the ship's company of any ship or vessel, or the lading thereof,
such person should be adjudged to be a pirate, and suffer death. And if any
person engaged in any piratical cruise or enterprize, or being of the crew
or ship's company of any piratical ship or vessel, should land from such
ship or vessel, and, on shore; should commit robbery, such person should be
adjudged a pirate and suffer death. Provided that the state in which the
offence may have been committed should not be deprived of its jurisdiction
over the same, when committed within the body of a county, and that the
courts of the United States should have no jurisdiction to try such
offenders, after conviction or acquittal, for the same offence, in a state
court. The 4th and 5th sections of the last mentioned act declare persons
engaged in the slave trade, or in forcibly detaining a free negro or mulatto
and carrying him in any ship or vessel into slavery, piracy, punishable with
death. Vide 1 Kent, Com. 183; Beaussant, Code Maritime, t. 1, p. 244;
Dalloz, Diet. Supp. h.t.; Dougl. 613; Park's Ins. Index, h.t. Bac. Ab. h.t.;
16 Vin. Ab. 346; Ayl. Pand. 42 11 Wheat. R. 39; 1 Gall. R. 247; Id. 524 3 W.
C. C. R. 209, 240; 1 Pet. C. C. R. 118, 121.
|
PIRACY
(bouvier) | PIRACY, torts. By piracy is understood the plagiarisms of a book, engraving
or other work, for which a copyright has been taken out.
2. When a piracy has been made of such a work, an injunction will be
granted. 5 Ves. 709; 4 Ves. 681; 12 Ves. 270. Vide copyright.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
conspiracy
(encz) | conspiracy,komplot Zdeněk Brožconspiracy,konspirace Zdeněk Brožconspiracy,spiknutí n: Zdeněk Brož |
conspiracy of silence
(encz) | conspiracy of silence, n: |
software piracy
(encz) | software piracy,počítačové pirátství n: Zdeněk Brož |
Conspiracy
(gcide) | Conspiracy \Con*spir"a*cy\, n.; pl. Conspiracies. [See
Conspiration.]
1. A combination of people for an evil purpose; an agreement,
between two or more persons, to commit a crime in concert,
as treason; a plot.
[1913 Webster]
When shapen was all his conspiracy
From point to point. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
They made a conspiracy against [Amaziah]. --2 Kings
xiv. 19.
[1913 Webster]
I had forgot that foul conspiracy
Of the beast Caliban and his confederates. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. A concurence or general tendency, as of circumstances, to
one event, as if by agreement.
[1913 Webster]
A conspiracy in all heavenly and earthly things.
--Sir P.
Sidney.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) An agreement, manifesting itself in words or deeds,
by which two or more persons confederate to do an unlawful
act, or to use unlawful to do an act which is lawful;
confederacy.
Syn: Combination; plot; cabal.
[1913 Webster] |
Piracy
(gcide) | Piracy \Pi"ra*cy\, n.; pl. Piracies. [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. ?.
See Pirate.]
1. The act or crime of a pirate.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of
property from others on the open sea by open violence;
without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; -- a
crime answering to robbery on land.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster]
Note: By statute law several other offenses committed on the
seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the
slave trade) have been made piracy.
[1913 Webster]
3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation
of copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct
and preferable term." --Abbott.
[1913 Webster] |
biopiracy
(wn) | biopiracy
n 1: biological theft; illegal collection of indigenous plants
by corporations who patent them for their own use |
conspiracy
(wn) | conspiracy
n 1: a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an
unlawful act [syn: conspiracy, confederacy]
2: a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a
political plot) [syn: conspiracy, cabal]
3: a group of conspirators banded together to achieve some
harmful or illegal purpose [syn: conspiracy, confederacy] |
conspiracy of silence
(wn) | conspiracy of silence
n 1: a conspiracy not to talk about some situation or event;
"there was a conspiracy of silence about police brutality" |
connector conspiracy
(foldoc) | connector conspiracy
The tendency of manufacturers (or, by
extension, other designers) to come up with products that
don't fit with the old stuff, thereby making you buy either
all new stuff or expensive interface devices.
The term probably came into prominence with the appearance of
the DEC KL-10, none of whose connectors matched anything
else. The KL-10 Massbus connector was actually *patented*
by DEC, who reputedly refused to licence the design, thus
effectively locking out competition for the lucrative Massbus
peripherals market. This policy was a source of frustration
for the owners of dying, obsolescent disk and tape drives.
A related phenomenon is the invention of new screw heads so
that only Designated Persons, possessing the magic
screwdrivers, can remove covers and make repairs or install
options. Older Apple Macintoshes took this one step
further, requiring not only a hex wrench but a specialised
case-cracking tool to open the box.
With the advent of more open-systems computing this term has
fallen somewhat into disuse.
Compare backward combatability.
[Jargon File]
(2010-02-04)
|
eric conspiracy
(foldoc) | Eric Conspiracy
A shadowy group of moustachioed hackers named
Eric first pinpointed as a sinister conspiracy by an infamous
talk.bizarre posting ca. 1986. This was doubtless influenced
by the numerous "Eric" jokes in the Monty Python oeuvre.
There do indeed seem to be considerably more moustachioed
Erics in hackerdom than the frequency of these three traits
can account for unless they are correlated in some arcane way.
Well-known examples include Eric Allman (of the "Allman
style" described under indent style), Erik Fair (co-author
of NNTP), Eric S. Raymond and about fifteen others. The
organisation line "Eric Conspiracy Secret Laboratories" now
emanates regularly from more than one site.
[Jargon File]
(1998-10-20)
|
software piracy
(foldoc) | software piracy
piracy
Making or distributing unauthorised copies of
software, either for kudos or for profit. See {software
theft}.
(2010-02-03)
|
unix conspiracy
(foldoc) | Unix conspiracy
[ITS] According to a conspiracy theory long popular among
ITS and TOPS-20 fans, Unix's growth is the result of a
plot, hatched during the 1970s at Bell Labs, whose intent was
to hobble AT&T's competitors by making them dependent upon a
system whose future evolution was to be under AT&T's control.
This would be accomplished by disseminating an operating
system that is apparently inexpensive and easily portable, but
also relatively unreliable and insecure (so as to require
continuing upgrades from AT&T). This theory was lent a
substantial impetus in 1984 by the paper referenced in the
back door entry.
In this view, Unix was designed to be one of the first
computer viruses (see virus) - but a virus spread to
computers indirectly by people and market forces, rather than
directly through disks and networks. Adherents of this "Unix
virus" theory like to cite the fact that the well-known
quotation "Unix is snake oil" was uttered by DEC president
Kenneth Olsen shortly before DEC began actively promoting its
own family of Unix workstations. (Olsen now claims to have
been misquoted.)
|
connector conspiracy
(jargon) | connector conspiracy
n.
[probably came into prominence with the appearance of the KL-10 (one model
of the PDP-10), none of whose connectors matched anything else] The
tendency of manufacturers (or, by extension, programmers or purveyors of
anything) to come up with new products that don't fit together with the old
stuff, thereby making you buy either all new stuff or expensive interface
devices.
(A closely related phenomenon, with a slightly different intent, is the
habit manufacturers have of inventing new screw heads so that only
Designated Persons, possessing the magic screwdrivers, can remove covers
and make repairs or install options. A good 1990s example is the use of
Torx screws for cable-TV set-top boxes. Older Apple Macintoshes took this
one step further, requiring not only a long Torx screwdriver but a
specialized case-cracking tool to open the box.)
In these latter days of open-systems computing this term has fallen
somewhat into disuse, to be replaced by the observation that “Standards are
great! There are so many of them to choose from!” Compare {backward
combatability}.
|
eric conspiracy
(jargon) | Eric Conspiracy
n.
A shadowy group of mustachioed hackers named Eric first pinpointed as a
sinister conspiracy by an infamous talk.bizarre posting ca. 1987; this was
doubtless influenced by the numerous ‘Eric’ jokes in the Monty Python
oeuvre. There do indeed seem to be considerably more mustachioed Erics in
hackerdom than the frequency of these three traits can account for unless
they are correlated in some arcane way. Well-known examples include Eric
Allman (he of the ‘Allman style’ described under indent style) and Erik
Fair (co-author of NNTP); your editor has heard from more than a hundred
others by email, and the organization line ‘Eric Conspiracy Secret
Laboratories’ now emanates regularly from more than one site. See the Eric
Conspiracy Web Page at http://www.catb.org/~esr/ecsl/ for full details.
|
unix conspiracy
(jargon) | Unix conspiracy
n.
[ITS] According to a conspiracy theory long popular among ITS and {
TOPS-20} fans, Unix's growth is the result of a plot, hatched during the
1970s at Bell Labs, whose intent was to hobble AT&T's competitors by making
them dependent upon a system whose future evolution was to be under AT&T's
control. This would be accomplished by disseminating an operating system
that is apparently inexpensive and easily portable, but also relatively
unreliable and insecure (so as to require continuing upgrades from AT&T).
This theory was lent a substantial impetus in 1984 by the paper referenced
in the back door entry.
In this view, Unix was designed to be one of the first computer viruses
(see virus) — but a virus spread to computers indirectly by people and
market forces, rather than directly through disks and networks. Adherents
of this ‘Unix virus’ theory like to cite the fact that the well-known
quotation “Unix is snake oil” was uttered by DEC president Kenneth Olsen
shortly before DEC began actively promoting its own family of Unix
workstations. (Olsen now claims to have been misquoted.)
If there was ever such a conspiracy, it got thoroughly out of the plotters'
control after 1990. AT&T sold its Unix operation to Novell around the same
time Linux and other free-Unix distributions were beginning to make
noise.
|
CONSPIRACY
(bouvier) | CONSPIRACY, crim. law, torts. An agreement between two or more persons to do
an unlawful act, or an act which may become by the combination injurious to
others. Formerly this offence was much more circumscribed in its meaning
than it is now. Lord Coke describes it as "a consultation or agreement
between two or more to appeal or indict an innocent person falsely and
maliciously, whom accordingly they cause to be indicted or appealed and
afterwards the party is acquitted by the verdict of twelve men."
2. The crime of conspiracy, according to its modern interpretation, may
be of two kinds, Damely, conspiracies against the public, or such as
endanger the public health, violate public morals, insult public justice,
destroy the public peace, or affect public trade or business. See 3 Burr.
1321.
3. To remedy these evils the guilty persons may be indicted in the name
of the commonwealth. Conspiracies against individuals are such as have a
tendency to injure them in their persons, reputation, or property. The
remedy in these cases is either by indictment or by a civil action.
4. In order to reader the offence complete, there is no occasion that
any act should be done in pursuance of the unlawful agreement entered into
between the parties, or that any one should have been defrauded or injured
by it. The conspiracy is the gist of the crane. 2 Mass. R. 337; Id. 538 6
Mass. R. 74; 3 S. & R. 220 4 Wend. R. 259; Halst. R. 293 2 Stew. Rep. 360; 5
Harr. & John. 317 8 S. & R. 420. But see 10 Verm. 353.
5. By the laws of the United State's, St. 1825, c. 76, Sec. 23, 3
Story's L. U. S., 2006, a willful and corrupt conspiracy to cast away, burn
or otherwise destroy any ship or vessel. with intent to injure any
underwriter thereon, or the goods on board thereof, or any lender of money
on such vessel, on bottomry or respondentia, is, by the laws of the United
States, made felony, and the offender punishable by fine not exceeding ten
thousand dollars, and by imprisonment and confinement at hard labor, not
exceeding ten years.
6. By the Revised Statutes of New York, vol. 2, p. 691, 692, it is
enacted, that if any two or more persons shall conspire, either, 1. To
commit any offence; or, 2. Falsely and maliciously to indict another for any
offence; or, 3. Falsely to move or maintain any suit; or, 4. To cheat and
defraud any person of any property, by any means which are in themselves
criminal; or, 5. To cheat and defraud any person of any property, by means
which, if executed, would amount to a cheat, or to obtaining property by
false pretences; or, 6. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to
public morals, or to trade and commerce, or for the perversion or
obstruction of justice, or the due administration of the laws; they shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. No other conspiracies are there punishable
criminally. And no agreement, except to commit a felony upon the person of
another, or to commit arson or burglary, shall be deemed a conspiracy,
unless some act besides such agreement be done to effect the object thereof,
by one or more of the parties to such agreement.
7. When a felony has been committed in pursuance of a conspiracy, the
latter, which is only a misdemeanor, is merged in the former; but when a
misdemeanor only has been committed in pursuance of such conspiracy, the two
crimes being of equal degree, there can be no legal technical merger. 4
Wend. R. 265. Vide 1 Hawk. 444 to 454; 3 Chit. Cr. Law, 1138 to 1193 3 Inst.
143 Com. Dig. Justices of the Peace, B 107; Burn's Justice, Conspiracy;
Williams' Justice, Conspiracy; 4 Chit. Blacks. 92; Dick. Justice Conspiracy,
Bac. Ab. Actions on the Case, G 2 Russ. on Cr. 553 to 574 2 Mass. 329 Id.
536 5 Mass. 106 2 D R. 205; Whart. Dig. Conspiracy; 3 Serg. & Rawle, 220; 7
Serg. & Rawle, 469 4 Halst. R. 293; 5 Harr. & Johns. 317 4 Wend. 229; 2
Stew. R. 360;1 Saund. 230, u. 4. For the French law, see Merl. Rep. mot
Conspiration Code Penal, art. 89.
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PIRACY
(bouvier) | PIRACY, crim. law. A robbery or forcible depreciation on the high seas,
without lawful authority, done animo furandi, in the spirit and intention of
universal hostility. 5 Wheat. 153, 163; 3 Wheat. 610; 3 Wash. C. C. R. 209.
This is the definition of this offence by the law of nations. 1 Kent, Com.
183. The word is derived from peira deceptio, deceit or deception: or from
peiron wandering up and down, and resting in no place, but coasting hither
and thither to do mischief. Ridley's View, Part 2, c. 1, s. 3.
2. Congress may define and punish piracies and felonies on the high
seas, and offences against the law of nations. Const. U. S. Art. 1, s. 7, n.
10; 5 Wheat. 184, 153, 76; 3 Wheat. 336. In pursuance of the authority thus
given by the constitution, it was declared by the act of congress of April
30, 1790, s. 8, 1 Story's Laws U. S. 84, that murder or robbery committed on
the high seas, or in any river, haven, or bay, out of the jurisdiction of
any particular state, or any offence, which, if committed within the body of
a county, would, by the laws of the United States, be punishable with death,
should be adjudged to be piracy and felony, and punishable with death. It
was further declared, that if any captain or manner should piratically and
feloniously run away with a vessel, or any goods or merchandise of the value
of fifty dollars; or should yield up such vessel voluntarily to pirates; or
if any seaman should forcible endeavor to hinder his commander from
defending the ship or goods committed to his trust, or should make revolt in
the ship; every such offender should be adjudged a pirate and felon, and be
punishable with death. Accessaries before the fact are punishable as the
principal; those after the fact with fine and imprisonment.
3. By a subsequent act, passed March 3, 1819, 3 Story, 1739, made
perpetual by the act of May 15, 1820, 1 Story, 1798, congress declared, that
if any person upon the high seas, should commit the crime of piracy as
defined by the law of nations, he should, on conviction, suffer death.
4. And again by the act of May 15, 1820, s. 3, 1 Story, 1798, congress
declared that if any person should, upon the high seas, or in any open
roadstead, or in any haven, basin or bay, or in any river where the sea ebbs
and flows, commit the crime of robbery in or upon any ship or vessel, or
upon any of the ship's company of any ship or vessel, or the lading thereof,
such person should be adjudged to be a pirate, and suffer death. And if any
person engaged in any piratical cruise or enterprize, or being of the crew
or ship's company of any piratical ship or vessel, should land from such
ship or vessel, and, on shore; should commit robbery, such person should be
adjudged a pirate and suffer death. Provided that the state in which the
offence may have been committed should not be deprived of its jurisdiction
over the same, when committed within the body of a county, and that the
courts of the United States should have no jurisdiction to try such
offenders, after conviction or acquittal, for the same offence, in a state
court. The 4th and 5th sections of the last mentioned act declare persons
engaged in the slave trade, or in forcibly detaining a free negro or mulatto
and carrying him in any ship or vessel into slavery, piracy, punishable with
death. Vide 1 Kent, Com. 183; Beaussant, Code Maritime, t. 1, p. 244;
Dalloz, Diet. Supp. h.t.; Dougl. 613; Park's Ins. Index, h.t. Bac. Ab. h.t.;
16 Vin. Ab. 346; Ayl. Pand. 42 11 Wheat. R. 39; 1 Gall. R. 247; Id. 524 3 W.
C. C. R. 209, 240; 1 Pet. C. C. R. 118, 121.
PIRACY, torts. By piracy is understood the plagiarisms of a book, engraving
or other work, for which a copyright has been taken out.
2. When a piracy has been made of such a work, an injunction will be
granted. 5 Ves. 709; 4 Ves. 681; 12 Ves. 270. Vide copyright.
|
WRIT OF CONSPIRACY
(bouvier) | WRIT OF CONSPIRACY. The name of an ancient writ, now superseded by the more
convenient remedy of an action on the case, which might have been sued
against parties guilty of a conspiracy. F. N. B. 260. See Conspiracy.
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