| slovo | definícia |
planets
(encz) | planets,planety n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
planets
(gcide) | Star \Star\ (st[aum]r), n. [OE. sterre, AS. steorra; akin to
OFries. stera, OS. sterro, D. ster, OHG. sterno, sterro, G.
stern, Icel. stjarna, Sw. stjerna, Dan. stierne, Goth.
sta['i]rn[=o], Armor. & Corn. steren, L. stella, Gr. 'asth`r,
'a`stron, Skr. star; perhaps from a root meaning, to scatter,
Skr. st[.r], L. sternere (cf. Stratum), and originally
applied to the stars as being strewn over the sky, or as
being scatterers or spreaders of light. [root]296. Cf.
Aster, Asteroid, Constellation, Disaster, Stellar.]
1. One of the innumerable luminous bodies seen in the
heavens; any heavenly body other than the sun, moon,
comets, and nebulae.
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His eyen twinkled in his head aright,
As do the stars in the frosty night. --Chaucer.
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Note: The stars are distinguished as planets, and {fixed
stars}. See Planet, Fixed stars under Fixed, and
Magnitude of a star under Magnitude.
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2. The polestar; the north star. --Shak.
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3. (Astrol.) A planet supposed to influence one's destiny;
(usually pl.) a configuration of the planets, supposed to
influence fortune.
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O malignant and ill-brooding stars. --Shak.
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Blesses his stars, and thinks it luxury. --Addison.
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4. That which resembles the figure of a star, as an ornament
worn on the breast to indicate rank or honor.
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On whom . . .
Lavish Honor showered all her stars. --Tennyson.
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5. Specifically, a radiated mark in writing or printing; an
asterisk [thus, *]; -- used as a reference to a note, or
to fill a blank where something is omitted, etc.
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6. (Pyrotechny) A composition of combustible matter used in
the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding
in the air, presents a starlike appearance.
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7. A person of brilliant and attractive qualities, especially
on public occasions, as a distinguished orator, a leading
theatrical performer, etc.
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Note: Star is used in the formation of compound words
generally of obvious signification; as, star-aspiring,
star-bespangled, star-bestudded, star-blasting,
star-bright, star-crowned, star-directed, star-eyed,
star-headed, star-paved, star-roofed, star-sprinkled,
star-wreathed.
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Blazing star, Double star, Multiple star, {Shooting
star}, etc. See under Blazing, Double, etc.
Nebulous star (Astron.), a small well-defined circular
nebula, having a bright nucleus at its center like a star.
Star anise (Bot.), any plant of the genus Illicium; -- so
called from its star-shaped capsules.
Star apple (Bot.), a tropical American tree ({Chrysophyllum
Cainito}), having a milky juice and oblong leaves with a
silky-golden pubescence beneath. It bears an applelike
fruit, the carpels of which present a starlike figure when
cut across. The name is extended to the whole genus of
about sixty species, and the natural order (Sapotaceae)
to which it belongs is called the Star-apple family.
Star conner, one who cons, or studies, the stars; an
astronomer or an astrologer. --Gascoigne.
Star coral (Zool.), any one of numerous species of stony
corals belonging to Astraea, Orbicella, and allied
genera, in which the calicles are round or polygonal and
contain conspicuous radiating septa.
Star cucumber. (Bot.) See under Cucumber.
Star flower. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Ornithogalum;
star-of-Bethlehem.
(b) See Starwort
(b) .
(c) An American plant of the genus Trientalis
(Trientalis Americana). --Gray.
Star fort (Fort.), a fort surrounded on the exterior with
projecting angles; -- whence the name.
Star gauge (Ordnance), a long rod, with adjustable points
projecting radially at its end, for measuring the size of
different parts of the bore of a gun.
Star grass. (Bot.)
(a) A small grasslike plant (Hypoxis erecta) having
star-shaped yellow flowers.
(b) The colicroot. See Colicroot.
Star hyacinth (Bot.), a bulbous plant of the genus Scilla
(Scilla autumnalis); -- called also {star-headed
hyacinth}.
Star jelly (Bot.), any one of several gelatinous plants
(Nostoc commune, Nostoc edule, etc.). See Nostoc.
Star lizard. (Zool.) Same as Stellion.
Star-of-Bethlehem (Bot.), a bulbous liliaceous plant
(Ornithogalum umbellatum) having a small white starlike
flower.
Star-of-the-earth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Plantago
(Plantago coronopus), growing upon the seashore.
Star polygon (Geom.), a polygon whose sides cut each other
so as to form a star-shaped figure.
Stars and Stripes, a popular name for the flag of the
United States, which consists of thirteen horizontal
stripes, alternately red and white, and a union having, in
a blue field, white stars to represent the several States,
one for each.
With the old flag, the true American flag, the
Eagle, and the Stars and Stripes, waving over the
chamber in which we sit. --D. Webster.
Star showers. See Shooting star, under Shooting.
Star thistle (Bot.), an annual composite plant ({Centaurea
solstitialis}) having the involucre armed with stout
radiating spines.
Star wheel (Mach.), a star-shaped disk, used as a kind of
ratchet wheel, in repeating watches and the feed motions
of some machines.
Star worm (Zool.), a gephyrean.
Temporary star (Astron.), a star which appears suddenly,
shines for a period, and then nearly or quite disappears.
These stars were supposed by some astronomers to be
variable stars of long and undetermined periods. More
recently, variations star in start intensity are
classified more specifically, and this term is now
obsolescent. See also nova. [Obsolescent]
Variable star (Astron.), a star whose brilliancy varies
periodically, generally with regularity, but sometimes
irregularly; -- called periodical star when its changes
occur at fixed periods.
Water star grass (Bot.), an aquatic plant ({Schollera
graminea}) with small yellow starlike blossoms.
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Acceleration of the planets
(gcide) | Acceleration \Ac*cel`er*a"tion\, n. [L. acceleratio: cf. F.
acc['e]l['e]ration.]
The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated;
increase of motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward
the earth with an acceleration of velocity; -- opposed to
retardation.
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A period of social improvement, or of intellectual
advancement, contains within itself a principle of
acceleration. --I. Taylor.
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Acceleration of the moon, the increase of the moon's mean
motion in its orbit, in consequence of which its period of
revolution is now shorter than in ancient times.
Acceleration and retardation of the tides. See {Priming
of the tides}, under Priming.
Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars, the amount by
which their apparent diurnal motion exceeds that of the
sun, in consequence of which they daily come to the
meridian of any place about three minutes fifty-six
seconds of solar time earlier than on the day preceding.
Acceleration of the planets, the increasing velocity of
their motion, in proceeding from the apogee to the perigee
of their orbits.
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Interior planets
(gcide) | Interior \In*te"ri*or\, a. [L., compar. fr. inter between: cf.
F. int['e]rieur. See Inter-, and cf. Intimate.]
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1. Being within any limits, inclosure, or substance; inside;
internal; inner; -- opposed to exterior, or
superficial; as, the interior apartments of a house; the
interior surface of a hollow ball.
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2. Remote from the limits, frontier, or shore; inland; as,
the interior parts of a region or country.
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Interior angle (Geom.), an angle formed between two sides,
within any rectilinear figure, as a polygon, or between
two parallel lines by these lines and another intersecting
them; -- called also internal angle.
Interior planets (Astron.), those planets within the orbit
of the earth.
Interior screw, a screw cut on an interior surface, as in a
nut; a female screw.
Syn: Internal; inside; inner; inland; inward.
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Medicean planets
(gcide) | Medicean \Med`i*ce"an\, prop. a.
Of or relating to the Medici, a noted Italian family; as, the
Medicean Venus.
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Medicean planets (Astron.), a name given by Galileo to the
satellites of Jupiter.
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minor planets
(gcide) | Asteroid \As"ter*oid\, n. [Gr. ? starlike, starry; 'asth`r star
+ e'i^dos form: cf. F. ast['e]ro["i]de. See Aster.]
A starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose
orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; -- called also
planetoids and minor planets.
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Planet-stricken
(gcide) | Planet-stricken \Plan"et-strick`en\, Planet-struck
\Plan"et-struck`\, a.
Affected by the influence of planets; blasted. --Milton.
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Like planet-stricken men of yore
He trembles, smitten to the core
By strong compunction and remorse. --Wordsworth.
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Planet-struck
(gcide) | Planet-stricken \Plan"et-strick`en\, Planet-struck
\Plan"et-struck`\, a.
Affected by the influence of planets; blasted. --Milton.
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Like planet-stricken men of yore
He trembles, smitten to the core
By strong compunction and remorse. --Wordsworth.
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Primary planets
(gcide) | Primary \Pri"ma*ry\, a. [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F.
primaire. See Prime, a., and cf. Premier, Primero.]
1. First in order of time or development or in intention;
primitive; fundamental; original.
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The church of Christ, in its primary institution.
--Bp. Pearson.
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These I call original, or primary, qualities of
body. --Locke.
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2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher;
as, primary assemblies; primary schools.
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3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as,
primary planets; a matter of primary importance.
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4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental.
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5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by,
some quality or property in the first degree; having
undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement.
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Primary alcohol (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess
the group CH2.OH, and can be oxidized so as to form a
corresponding aldehyde and acid having the same number of
carbon atoms; -- distinguished from {secondary & tertiary
alcohols}.
Primary amine (Chem.), an amine containing the amido group,
or a derivative of ammonia in which only one atom of
hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; --
distinguished from secondary & tertiary amines.
Primary amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury
performed as soon as the shock due to the injury has
passed away, and before symptoms of inflammation
supervene.
Primary axis (Bot.), the main stalk which bears a whole
cluster of flowers.
Primary colors. See under Color.
Primary meeting, a meeting of citizens at which the first
steps are taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc.
See Caucus.
Primary pinna (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound
leaf or frond which branch off directly from the main
rhachis or stem, whether simple or compounded.
Primary planets. (Astron.) See the Note under Planet.
Primary qualities of bodies, such are essential to and
inseparable from them.
Primary quills (Zool.), the largest feathers of the wing of
a bird; primaries.
Primary rocks (Geol.), a term early used for rocks supposed
to have been first formed, being crystalline and
containing no organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.;
-- called also primitive rocks. The terms Secondary,
Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks have also been used in like
manner, but of these the last two only are now in use.
Primary salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a polybasic acid
in which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by
a base or basic radical.
Primary syphilis (Med.), the initial stage of syphilis,
including the period from the development of the original
lesion or chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms
indicative of general constitutional infection.
Primary union (Surg.), union without suppuration; union by
the first intention.
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Superior planets
(gcide) | Superior \Su*pe"ri*or\, a. [L., compar. of superus being above,
fr. super above, over: cf. F. sup['e]rieur. See Super-, and
cf. Supreme.]
1. More elevated in place or position; higher; upper; as, the
superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.
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2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as, a
superior officer; a superior degree of nobility.
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3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the
greatness, or value of any quality; greater in quality or
degree; as, a man of superior merit; or of superior
bravery.
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4. Beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be
subdued or affected by; -- with to.
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There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy than a
great man superior to his sufferings. --Spectator.
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5. More comprehensive; as a term in classification; as, a
genus is superior to a species.
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6. (Bot.)
(a) Above the ovary; -- said of parts of the flower which,
although normally below the ovary, adhere to it, and
so appear to originate from its upper part; also of an
ovary when the other floral organs are plainly below
it in position, and free from it.
(b) Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is
toward the main stem; posterior.
(c) Pointing toward the apex of the fruit; ascending; --
said of the radicle.
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Superior conjunction, Superior planets, etc. See
Conjunction, Planet, etc.
Superior figure, Superior letter (Print.), a figure or
letter printed above the line, as a reference to a note or
an index of a power, etc; as, in x^2 + y^n, 2 is a
superior figure, n a superior letter. Cf. {Inferior
figure}, under Inferior.
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