| slovo | definícia |
saccharin
(encz) | saccharin,sacharin n: umělé sladidlo Martin Ligač |
Saccharin
(gcide) | Saccharin \Sac"cha*rin\ (s[a^]k"k[.a]*r[i^]n), n. [F., from L.
saccharon sugar.] (Chem.)
A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the
saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic
acid; -- so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric
with cane sugar (saccharose).
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saccharin
(gcide) | Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also
saccharin.]
[1913 Webster] |
saccharin
(wn) | saccharin
n 1: a crystalline substance 500 times sweeter than sugar; used
as a calorie-free sweetener |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
saccharine
(encz) | saccharine,sacharín Jaroslav Šedivý |
saccharinity
(encz) | saccharinity, n: |
Acer saccharinum
(gcide) | Maple \Ma"ple\ (m[=a]"p'l), n. [AS. mapolder, mapulder, mapol;
akin to Icel. m["o]purr; cf. OHG. mazzaltra, mazzoltra, G.
massholder.] (Bot.)
A tree of the genus Acer, including about fifty species.
Acer saccharinum is the rock maple, or sugar maple,
from the sap of which sugar is made, in the United States, in
great quantities, by evaporation; the red maple or {swamp
maple} is Acer rubrum; the silver maple, {Acer
dasycarpum}, having fruit wooly when young; the {striped
maple}, Acer Pennsylvanium, called also moosewood. The
common maple of Europe is Acer campestre, the {sycamore
maple} is Acer Pseudo-platanus, and the Norway maple is
Acer platanoides.
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Note: Maple is much used adjectively, or as the first part of
a compound; as, maple tree, maple leaf, etc.
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Bird's-eye maple, Curled maple, varieties of the wood of
the rock maple, in which a beautiful lustrous grain is
produced by the sinuous course of the fibers.
Maple honey, Maple molasses, Maple syrup, or {Maple
sirup}, maple sap boiled to the consistency of molasses.
Maple sugar, sugar obtained from the sap of the sugar maple
by evaporation.
[1913 Webster]Sugar \Sug"ar\, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp.
az['u]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [,c]arkar[=a]
sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]
1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance,
of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by
crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as
the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It
is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food
and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the
Note below.
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Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as
the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the
raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it
includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the
glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper,
dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true
sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates.
See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are
ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn
the plane of polarization to the right or the left.
They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by
the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are
themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and
carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet
produced artificially belongs to this class. The
sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose
anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually
not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act
on polarized light.
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2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or
appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous
white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
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3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render
acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words.
[Colloq.]
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Acorn sugar. See Quercite.
Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an
isomeric sugar. See Sucrose.
Diabetes sugar, or Diabetic sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety
of sugar (grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine
in diabetes mellitus; -- the presence of such a sugar in
the urine is used to diagnose the illness.
Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose.
Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose
or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe
grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See
Dextrose, and Glucose.
Invert sugar. See under Invert.
Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found
in malt. See Maltose.
Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but
distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite.
Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh
milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose.
Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric
with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found
in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called
also heart sugar. See Inosite.
Pine sugar. See Pinite.
Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by
the action of heat and acids on starch from corn,
potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, {corn
sugar}, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose,
and Glucose.
Sugar barek, one who refines sugar.
Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with
very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe,
for the sugar obtained from them.
Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry.
Sugar bird (Zool.), any one of several species of small
South American singing birds of the genera Coereba,
Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family
Coerebidae. They are allied to the honey eaters.
Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard.
Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple
sugar is made.
Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.]
Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized;
candy made from sugar.
Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass ({Saccharum
officinarium}), with thick short-jointed stems. It has
been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar.
Sugar loaf.
(a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form
of a truncated cone.
(b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
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Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar
loaf? --J. Webster.
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Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum).
See Maple.
Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the
sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers,
between which the cane is passed.
Sugar mite. (Zool.)
(a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in
great numbers in unrefined sugar.
(b) The lepisma.
Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above.
Sugar of milk. See under Milk.
Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and
preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; --
called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree ({Pinus
Lambertiana}) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft
and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the
stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a
substitute for sugar.
Sugar squirrel (Zool.), an Australian flying phalanger
(Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a
large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See
Illust. under Phlanger.
Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for
taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.
Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.
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Laminaria saccharina
(gcide) | Mannite \Man"nite\, n.
1. Same as mannitol.
[PJC]
2. (Bot.) A sweet white efflorescence from dried fronds of
kelp, especially from those of the Laminaria saccharina,
or devil's apron.
[1913 Webster]Tangle \Tan"gle\, n.
1. [Cf. Icel. [thorn]["o]ngull. See Tang seaweed.] (Bot.)
Any large blackish seaweed, especially the {Laminaria
saccharina}. See Kelp.
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Coral and sea fan and tangle, the blooms and the
palms of the ocean. --C. Kingsley.
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2. [From Tangle, v.] A knot of threads, or other thing,
united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily
disengaged; a snarl; as, hair or yarn in tangles; a tangle
of vines and briers. Used also figuratively.
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3. pl. An instrument consisting essentially of an iron bar to
which are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or
other similar substances, -- used to capture starfishes,
sea urchins, and other similar creatures living at the
bottom of the sea.
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Blue tangle. (Bot.)See Dangleberry.
Tangle picker (Zool.), the turnstone. [Prov. Eng.]
[1913 Webster]Devil \Dev"il\, n. [AS. de['o]fol, de['o]ful; akin to G. ?eufel,
Goth. diaba['u]lus; all fr. L. diabolus the devil, Gr. ? the
devil, the slanderer, fr. ? to slander, calumniate, orig., to
throw across; ? across + ? to throw, let fall, fall; cf. Skr.
gal to fall. Cf. Diabolic.]
1. The Evil One; Satan, represented as the tempter and
spiritual of mankind.
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[Jesus] being forty days tempted of the devil.
--Luke iv. 2.
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That old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which
deceiveth the whole world. --Rev. xii. 9.
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2. An evil spirit; a demon.
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A dumb man possessed with a devil. --Matt. ix.
32.
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3. A very wicked person; hence, any great evil. "That devil
Glendower." "The devil drunkenness." --Shak.
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Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is a
devil? --John vi. 70.
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4. An expletive of surprise, vexation, or emphasis, or,
ironically, of negation. [Low]
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The devil a puritan that he is, . . . but a
timepleaser. --Shak.
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The things, we know, are neither rich nor rare,
But wonder how the devil they got there. --Pope.
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5. (Cookery) A dish, as a bone with the meat, broiled and
excessively peppered; a grill with Cayenne pepper.
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Men and women busy in baking, broiling, roasting
oysters, and preparing devils on the gridiron. --Sir
W. Scott.
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6. (Manuf.) A machine for tearing or cutting rags, cotton,
etc.
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Blue devils. See under Blue.
Cartesian devil. See under Cartesian.
Devil bird (Zool.), one of two or more South African drongo
shrikes (Edolius retifer, and Edolius remifer),
believed by the natives to be connected with sorcery.
Devil may care, reckless, defiant of authority; -- used
adjectively. --Longfellow.
Devil's apron (Bot.), the large kelp ({Laminaria
saccharina}, and Laminaria longicruris) of the Atlantic
ocean, having a blackish, leathery expansion, shaped
somewhat like an apron.
Devil's coachhorse. (Zool.)
(a) The black rove beetle (Ocypus olens). [Eng.]
(b) A large, predacious, hemipterous insect ({Prionotus
cristatus}); the wheel bug. [U.S.]
Devil's darning-needle. (Zool.) See under Darn, v. t.
Devil's fingers, Devil's hand (Zool.), the common British
starfish (Asterias rubens); -- also applied to a sponge
with stout branches. [Prov. Eng., Irish & Scot.]
Devil's riding-horse (Zool.), the American mantis ({Mantis
Carolina}).
The Devil's tattoo, a drumming with the fingers or feet.
"Jack played the Devil's tattoo on the door with his boot
heels." --F. Hardman (Blackw. Mag.).
Devil worship, worship of the power of evil; -- still
practiced by barbarians who believe that the good and evil
forces of nature are of equal power.
Printer's devil, the youngest apprentice in a printing
office, who runs on errands, does dirty work (as washing
the ink rollers and sweeping), etc. "Without fearing the
printer's devil or the sheriff's officer." --Macaulay.
Tasmanian devil (Zool.), a very savage carnivorous
marsupial of Tasmania (Dasyurus ursinus syn. {Diabolus
ursinus}).
To play devil with, to molest extremely; to ruin. [Low]
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Lepisma saccharina
(gcide) | Silverfish \Sil"ver*fish`\, n.
1. (Zool.)
(a) The tarpum.
(b) A white variety of the goldfish.
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2. one of a variety of insects of the order Thysanura,
especially Lepisma saccharina, which may infest houses,
and eats starched clothing and sized papers. See
Lepisma.
[PJC]Lepisma \Le*pis"ma\ (l[-e]*p[i^]z"m[.a]), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
le`pisma peel, fr. lepi`s -i`dos, a scale.] (Zool.)
A genus of wingless thysanurous insects having an elongated
flattened body, covered with shining scales and terminated by
seven unequal bristles. A common species ({Lepisma
saccharina}) is found in houses, and often injures books and
furniture; it feeds on starch and eats sized paper and
starched clothes. Called also shiner, silverfish, {silver
witch}, silver moth, and furniture bug.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
Nitrosaccharin
(gcide) | Nitrosaccharin \Ni`tro*sac"cha*rin\, n. [Nitro- + saccharin.]
(Chem.)
An explosive nitro derivative of certain sugars, analogous to
nitroglycerin, gun cotton, etc.
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Saccharin
(gcide) | Saccharin \Sac"cha*rin\ (s[a^]k"k[.a]*r[i^]n), n. [F., from L.
saccharon sugar.] (Chem.)
A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the
saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic
acid; -- so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric
with cane sugar (saccharose).
[1913 Webster]Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also
saccharin.]
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Saccharinate
(gcide) | Saccharinate \Sac"cha*ri*nate\, n. (Chem.)
(a) A salt of saccharinic acid.
(b) A salt of saccharine.
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Saccharine
(gcide) | Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), a. [F. saccharin, fr. L.
saccharon sugar, Gr. ?, ?, ?, Skr. [,c]arkara. Cf. Sugar.]
Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar;
producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine
matter.
[1913 Webster]Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also
saccharin.]
[1913 Webster]Sulphinide \Sul"phi*nide\, n. [Sulpho- + amine + anhydride.]
(Chem.)
A white or yellowish crystalline substance,
C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH, produced artificially by the oxidation of
a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the sweetest
substance known, having over two hundred times the sweetening
power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the name of
saccharine. It has acid properties and forms salts (which
are inaccurately called saccharinates). --I. Remsen.
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saccharine
(gcide) | Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), a. [F. saccharin, fr. L.
saccharon sugar, Gr. ?, ?, ?, Skr. [,c]arkara. Cf. Sugar.]
Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar;
producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine
matter.
[1913 Webster]Saccharine \Sac"cha*rine\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also
saccharin.]
[1913 Webster]Sulphinide \Sul"phi*nide\, n. [Sulpho- + amine + anhydride.]
(Chem.)
A white or yellowish crystalline substance,
C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH, produced artificially by the oxidation of
a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the sweetest
substance known, having over two hundred times the sweetening
power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the name of
saccharine. It has acid properties and forms salts (which
are inaccurately called saccharinates). --I. Remsen.
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Saccharinic
(gcide) | Saccharinic \Sac"cha*rin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharin; specifically,
designating a complex acid not known in the free state but
well known in its salts, which are obtained by boiling
dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of lime.
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acer saccharinum
(wn) | Acer saccharinum
n 1: a common North American maple tree; five-lobed leaves are
light green above and silvery white beneath; source of hard
close-grained but brittle light-brown wood [syn: {silver
maple}, Acer saccharinum] |
lepisma saccharina
(wn) | Lepisma saccharina
n 1: silver-grey wingless insect found in houses feeding on book
bindings and starched clothing [syn: silverfish, {Lepisma
saccharina}] |
saccharine
(wn) | saccharine
adj 1: overly sweet [syn: cloying, saccharine, syrupy,
treacly] |
saccharinity
(wn) | saccharinity
n 1: the excessive sweetness of saccharin |
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