| slovo | definícia |
symmetry
(encz) | symmetry,souměrnost n: Zdeněk Brož |
symmetry
(encz) | symmetry,symetrie n: Zdeněk Brož |
Symmetry
(gcide) | Symmetry \Sym"me*try\, n. [L. symmetria, Gr. ?; sy`n with,
together + ? a measure: cf. F. sym['e]trie. See Syn-, and
Meter rhythm.]
1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each
other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several
parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity
of the members of a work to the whole.
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2. (Biol.) The law of likeness; similarity of structure;
regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar
distribution of parts, such that an animal may be divided
into parts which are structurally symmetrical.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Bilateral symmetry, or two-sidedness, in vertebrates,
etc., is that in which the body can be divided into
symmetrical halves by a vertical plane passing through
the middle; radial symmetry, as in echinoderms, is that
in which the individual parts are arranged
symmetrically around a central axis; serial symmetry,
or zonal symmetry, as in earthworms, is that in which
the segments or metameres of the body are disposed in a
zonal manner one after the other in a longitudinal
axis. This last is sometimes called metamerism.
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3. (Bot.)
(a) Equality in the number of parts of the successive
circles in a flower.
(b) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the
same kind; regularity.
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Axis of symmetry. (Geom.) See under Axis.
Respective symmetry, that disposition of parts in which
only the opposite sides are equal to each other.
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symmetry
(wn) | symmetry
n 1: (mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact
reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or
plane [syn: symmetry, symmetricalness,
correspondence, balance] [ant: asymmetry,
dissymmetry, imbalance]
2: balance among the parts of something [syn: symmetry,
proportion] [ant: disproportion]
3: (physics) the property of being isotropic; having the same
value when measured in different directions [syn: isotropy,
symmetry] [ant: anisotropy] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
asymmetry
(mass) | asymmetry
- asymetria |
antisymmetry
(encz) | antisymmetry,nesouměrnost |
asymmetry
(encz) | asymmetry,asymetrie n: |
mirror symmetry
(encz) | mirror symmetry, n: |
radial asymmetry
(encz) | radial asymmetry, n: |
radial symmetry
(encz) | radial symmetry, n: |
space-reflection symmetry
(encz) | space-reflection symmetry, n: |
supersymmetry
(encz) | supersymmetry, n: |
Asymmetry
(gcide) | Asymmetry \A*sym"me*try\, n. [Gr. ?; 'a priv. + ? symmetry.]
1. Want of symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a
thing, esp. lack of bilateral symmetry.
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2. (Math.) Incommensurability. [Obs.] --Barrow.
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Axis of symmetry
(gcide) | Symmetry \Sym"me*try\, n. [L. symmetria, Gr. ?; sy`n with,
together + ? a measure: cf. F. sym['e]trie. See Syn-, and
Meter rhythm.]
1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each
other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several
parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity
of the members of a work to the whole.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Biol.) The law of likeness; similarity of structure;
regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar
distribution of parts, such that an animal may be divided
into parts which are structurally symmetrical.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Bilateral symmetry, or two-sidedness, in vertebrates,
etc., is that in which the body can be divided into
symmetrical halves by a vertical plane passing through
the middle; radial symmetry, as in echinoderms, is that
in which the individual parts are arranged
symmetrically around a central axis; serial symmetry,
or zonal symmetry, as in earthworms, is that in which
the segments or metameres of the body are disposed in a
zonal manner one after the other in a longitudinal
axis. This last is sometimes called metamerism.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Bot.)
(a) Equality in the number of parts of the successive
circles in a flower.
(b) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the
same kind; regularity.
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Axis of symmetry. (Geom.) See under Axis.
Respective symmetry, that disposition of parts in which
only the opposite sides are equal to each other.
[1913 Webster]Axis \Ax"is\, n.; pl. Axes. [L. axis axis, axle. See Axle.]
A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body,
on which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line
passing through a body or system around which the parts are
symmetrically arranged.
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2. (Math.) A straight line with respect to which the
different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically arranged;
as, the axis of a cylinder, i. e., the axis of a cone,
that is, the straight line joining the vertex and the
center of the base; the axis of a circle, any straight
line passing through the center.
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3. (Bot.) The stem; the central part, or longitudinal
support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the
central line of any body. --Gray.
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4. (Anat.)
(a) The second vertebra of the neck, or {vertebra
dentata}.
(b) Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is
prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first
vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process
or peg which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head
to turn upon.
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5. (Crystallog.) One of several imaginary lines, assumed in
describing the position of the planes by which a crystal
is bounded.
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6. (Fine Arts) The primary or secondary central line of any
design.
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Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line or ridge from which the
strata slope downward on the two opposite sides.
Synclinal axis, a line from which the strata slope upward
in opposite directions, so as to form a valley.
Axis cylinder (Anat.), the neuraxis or essential, central
substance of a nerve fiber; -- called also axis band,
axial fiber, and cylinder axis.
Axis in peritrochio, the wheel and axle, one of the
mechanical powers.
Axis of a curve (Geom.), a straight line which bisects a
system of parallel chords of a curve; called a {principal
axis}, when cutting them at right angles, in which case it
divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as in the
parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has
two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two
axes of the ellipse are the major axis and the {minor
axis}, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the
transverse axis and the conjugate axis.
Axis of a lens, the straight line passing through its
center and perpendicular to its surfaces.
Axis of a microscope or Axis of a telescope, the straight
line with which coincide the axes of the several lenses
which compose it.
Axes of co["o]rdinates in a plane, two straight lines
intersecting each other, to which points are referred for
the purpose of determining their relative position: they
are either rectangular or oblique.
Axes of co["o]rdinates in space, the three straight lines
in which the co["o]rdinate planes intersect each other.
Axis of a balance, that line about which it turns.
Axis of oscillation, of a pendulum, a right line passing
through the center about which it vibrates, and
perpendicular to the plane of vibration.
Axis of polarization, the central line around which the
prismatic rings or curves are arranged. --Brewster.
Axis of revolution (Descriptive Geom.), a straight line
about which some line or plane is revolved, so that the
several points of the line or plane shall describe circles
with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes
perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of
revolution, and the plane a solid of revolution.
Axis of symmetry (Geom.), any line in a plane figure which
divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when
folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other
part.
Axis of the equator, ecliptic, horizon (or other circle
considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies),
the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the
plane of the circle. --Hutton.
Axis of the Ionic capital (Arch.), a line passing
perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the
volute.
Neutral axis (Mech.), the line of demarcation between the
horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression,
exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a girder.
Optic axis of a crystal, the direction in which a ray of
transmitted light suffers no double refraction. All
crystals, not of the isometric system, are either uniaxial
or biaxial.
Optic axis, Visual axis (Opt.), the straight line passing
through the center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the
surface of the eye.
Radical axis of two circles (Geom.), the straight line
perpendicular to the line joining their centers and such
that the tangents from any point of it to the two circles
shall be equal to each other.
Spiral axis (Arch.), the axis of a twisted column drawn
spirally in order to trace the circumvolutions without.
Axis of abscissas and Axis of ordinates. See Abscissa.
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Dissymmetry
(gcide) | Dissymmetry \Dis*sym"me*try\, n. [Pref. dis- + symmetry.]
Absence or defect of symmetry; asymmetry.
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Pseudo-symmetry
(gcide) | Pseudo-symmetry \Pseu`do-sym"me*try\, n. [Pseudo- + symmetry.]
(Crystallog.)
A kind of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which
from twinning, or other causes, come to resemble forms of a
system other than that to which they belong, as the
apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite.
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Radial symmetry
(gcide) | Radial \Ra"di*al\ (r[=a]"d[i^]*al), a. [Cf. F. radial. See
Radius.]
Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like,
radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial projections;
(Zool.) radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial artery.
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Radial symmetry. (Biol.) See under Symmetry.
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Respective symmetry
(gcide) | Symmetry \Sym"me*try\, n. [L. symmetria, Gr. ?; sy`n with,
together + ? a measure: cf. F. sym['e]trie. See Syn-, and
Meter rhythm.]
1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each
other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several
parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity
of the members of a work to the whole.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Biol.) The law of likeness; similarity of structure;
regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar
distribution of parts, such that an animal may be divided
into parts which are structurally symmetrical.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Bilateral symmetry, or two-sidedness, in vertebrates,
etc., is that in which the body can be divided into
symmetrical halves by a vertical plane passing through
the middle; radial symmetry, as in echinoderms, is that
in which the individual parts are arranged
symmetrically around a central axis; serial symmetry,
or zonal symmetry, as in earthworms, is that in which
the segments or metameres of the body are disposed in a
zonal manner one after the other in a longitudinal
axis. This last is sometimes called metamerism.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Bot.)
(a) Equality in the number of parts of the successive
circles in a flower.
(b) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the
same kind; regularity.
[1913 Webster]
Axis of symmetry. (Geom.) See under Axis.
Respective symmetry, that disposition of parts in which
only the opposite sides are equal to each other.
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Serial symmetry
(gcide) | Serial \Se"ri*al\, a.
1. Of or pertaining to a series; consisting of a series;
appearing in successive parts or numbers; as, a serial
work or publication. "Classification . . . may be more or
less serial." --H. Spencer.
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2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to rows. --Gray.
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Serial homology. (Biol.) See under Homology.
Serial symmetry. (Biol.) See under Symmetry.
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Symmetry
(gcide) | Symmetry \Sym"me*try\, n. [L. symmetria, Gr. ?; sy`n with,
together + ? a measure: cf. F. sym['e]trie. See Syn-, and
Meter rhythm.]
1. A due proportion of the several parts of a body to each
other; adaptation of the form or dimensions of the several
parts of a thing to each other; the union and conformity
of the members of a work to the whole.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Biol.) The law of likeness; similarity of structure;
regularity in form and arrangement; orderly and similar
distribution of parts, such that an animal may be divided
into parts which are structurally symmetrical.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Bilateral symmetry, or two-sidedness, in vertebrates,
etc., is that in which the body can be divided into
symmetrical halves by a vertical plane passing through
the middle; radial symmetry, as in echinoderms, is that
in which the individual parts are arranged
symmetrically around a central axis; serial symmetry,
or zonal symmetry, as in earthworms, is that in which
the segments or metameres of the body are disposed in a
zonal manner one after the other in a longitudinal
axis. This last is sometimes called metamerism.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Bot.)
(a) Equality in the number of parts of the successive
circles in a flower.
(b) Likeness in the form and size of floral organs of the
same kind; regularity.
[1913 Webster]
Axis of symmetry. (Geom.) See under Axis.
Respective symmetry, that disposition of parts in which
only the opposite sides are equal to each other.
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Zonal symmetry
(gcide) | Zonal \Zon"al\, a. [L. zonalis.]
Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or
zones.
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Zonal equation (Crystallog.), the mathematical relation
which belongs to all the planes of a zone, and expresses
their common position with reference to the axes.
Zonal structure (Crystallog.), a structure characterized by
the arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal
in parallel or concentric layers, which usually follow the
outline of the crystal, and mark the changes that have
taken place during its growth.
Zonal symmetry. (Biol.) See the Note under Symmetry.
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asymmetry
(wn) | asymmetry
n 1: (mathematics) a lack of symmetry [syn: asymmetry,
dissymmetry, imbalance] [ant: balance,
correspondence, symmetricalness, symmetry] |
bilateral symmetry
(wn) | bilateral symmetry
n 1: the property of being symmetrical about a vertical plane
[syn: bilaterality, bilateralism, bilateral symmetry] |
dissymmetry
(wn) | dissymmetry
n 1: (mathematics) a lack of symmetry [syn: asymmetry,
dissymmetry, imbalance] [ant: balance,
correspondence, symmetricalness, symmetry] |
mirror symmetry
(wn) | mirror symmetry
n 1: (physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the
laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of
coordinates as in a left-handed system [syn: parity,
conservation of parity, space-reflection symmetry,
mirror symmetry] |
radial asymmetry
(wn) | radial asymmetry
n 1: the absence of symmetry about an axis [ant: {radial
symmetry}] |
radial symmetry
(wn) | radial symmetry
n 1: the property of symmetry about an axis; "the starfish
illustrates radial symmetry" [ant: radial asymmetry] |
space-reflection symmetry
(wn) | space-reflection symmetry
n 1: (physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the
laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of
coordinates as in a left-handed system [syn: parity,
conservation of parity, space-reflection symmetry,
mirror symmetry] |
supersymmetry
(wn) | supersymmetry
n 1: (physics) a theory that tries to link the four fundamental
forces; "according to supersymmetry each force emerged
separately during the big bang" |
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