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von neumann architecture
(foldoc) | von Neumann architecture
von Neumann machine
A computer architecture
conceived by mathematician John von Neumann, which forms the
core of nearly every computer system in use today (regardless
of size). In contrast to a Turing machine, a von Neumann
machine has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that
each successive operation can read or write any memory
location, independent of the location accessed by the previous
operation.
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit
(CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are
being operated on. The CPU has a set of built-in operations
(its instruction set) that is far richer than with the
Turing machine, e.g. adding two binary integers, or
branching to another part of a program if the binary integer
in some register is equal to zero (conditional branch).
The CPU can interpret the contents of memory either as
instructions or as data according to the {fetch-execute
cycle}.
Von Neumann considered parallel computers but recognized the
problems of construction and hence settled for a sequential
system. For this reason, parallel computers are sometimes
referred to as non-von Neumann architectures.
A von Neumann machine can compute the same class of functions
as a universal Turing machine.
[Reference? Was von Neumann's design, unlike Turing's,
originally intended for physical implementation?]
(http://salem.mass.edu/~tevans/VonNeuma.htm).
(2003-05-16)
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