| slovo | definícia |
science
(mass) | science
- veda |
science
(encz) | science,věda |
Science
(gcide) | Science \Sci"ence\, n. [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis,
p. pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience, Conscious,
Nice.]
1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained
truth of facts.
[1913 Webster]
If we conceive God's sight or science, before the
creation, to be extended to all and every part of
the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his
science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity
on anything to come to pass. --Hammond.
[1913 Webster]
Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental
philosophy. --Coleridge.
[1913 Webster]
2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been
systematized and formulated with reference to the
discovery of general truths or the operation of general
laws; knowledge classified and made available in work,
life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or
philosophical knowledge.
[1913 Webster]
All this new science that men lere [teach].
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having,
in point of form, the character of logical
perfection, and in point of matter, the character of
real truth. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical
world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and
forces of matter, the qualities and functions of living
tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science, and
physical science.
[1913 Webster]
Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field
entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history,
philosophy. --J. Morley.
[1913 Webster]
4. Any branch or department of systematized knowledge
considered as a distinct field of investigation or object
of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or
of mind.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar,
rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and
astronomy; -- the first three being included in the
Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium.
[1913 Webster]
Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven,
And though no science, fairly worth the seven.
--Pope.
[1913 Webster]
5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of
knowledge of laws and principles.
[1913 Webster]
His science, coolness, and great strength. --G. A.
Lawrence.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a
knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained,
accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes,
or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers,
causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all
applications. Both these terms have a similar and
special signification when applied to the science of
quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact
science is knowledge so systematized that prediction
and verification, by measurement, experiment,
observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and
physical sciences are called the exact sciences.
[1913 Webster]
Comparative sciences, Inductive sciences. See under
Comparative, and Inductive.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Literature; art; knowledge.
Usage: Science, Literature, Art. Science is literally
knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and
orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more
distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of
knowledge of which the subject-matter is either
ultimate principles, or facts as explained by
principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The
term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not
embraced under science, but usually confined to the
belles-lettres. [See Literature.] Art is that which
depends on practice and skill in performance. "In
science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut
producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be
said to be investigations of truth; but one, science,
inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art,
for the sake of production; and hence science is more
concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower;
and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive
application. And the most perfect state of science,
therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry;
the perfection of art will be the most apt and
efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself
into the form of rules." --Karslake.
[1913 Webster] |
Science
(gcide) | Science \Sci"ence\, v. t.
To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to
instruct. [R.] --Francis.
[1913 Webster] |
science
(wn) | science
n 1: a particular branch of scientific knowledge; "the science
of genetics" [syn: science, scientific discipline]
2: ability to produce solutions in some problem domain; "the
skill of a well-trained boxer"; "the sweet science of
pugilism" [syn: skill, science] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
science
(mass) | science
- veda |
science and technology
(msas) | Science and Technology
- S&T |
science and technology
(msasasci) | Science and Technology
- S&T |
archival science
(encz) | archival science,archivnictví n: Zdeněk Brož |
chemical science
(encz) | chemical science, n: |
christian science
(encz) | Christian Science, |
cognitive neuroscience
(encz) | cognitive neuroscience, n: |
cognitive science
(encz) | cognitive science,věda o myšlení (psychologie, neurofyzika, umělá
inteligence...) |
computer science
(encz) | computer science,informatika n: Zdeněk Brožcomputer science,počítačová věda n: Zdeněk Brož |
conscience
(encz) | conscience,svědomí |
conscience money
(encz) | conscience money, n: |
conscience-smitten
(encz) | conscience-smitten,kajícný adj: Zdeněk Brož |
conscience-stricken
(encz) | conscience-stricken,kajícný adj: Zdeněk Brož |
conscienceless
(encz) | conscienceless,nesvědomitý adj: Zdeněk Brož |
consciences
(encz) | consciences,svědomí pl. Zdeněk Brož |
creation science
(encz) | creation science, n: |
department of computer science
(encz) | department of computer science, n: |
domestic science
(encz) | domestic science, n: |
earth science
(encz) | earth science, n: |
economic science
(encz) | economic science, n: |
engineering science
(encz) | engineering science, n: |
environmental science
(encz) | environmental science, n: |
genetic science
(encz) | genetic science, n: |
geophysical science
(encz) | geophysical science, n: |
guilty conscience
(encz) | guilty conscience, n: |
information science
(encz) | information science,informatika n: Zdeněk Brož |
library science
(encz) | library science,vědecká knihovna |
life science
(encz) | life science, n: |
life sciences
(encz) | life sciences, |
man of science
(encz) | man of science, n: |
master of science
(encz) | Master of Science, |
medical science
(encz) | medical science, n: |
military science
(encz) | military science, n: |
national science foundation
(encz) | National Science Foundation,národní vědecká nadace [zkr.] Petr Prášek |
natural science
(encz) | natural science,přírodní věda |
nescience
(encz) | nescience,nevědomost n: Zdeněk Brož |
neuroscience
(encz) | neuroscience,vědy zkoumající neurony Zdeněk Brož |
of science
(encz) | of science,vědní Zdeněk Brož |
omniscience
(encz) | omniscience,vševědoucnost n: jk |
physical science
(encz) | physical science, |
physical sciences
(encz) | physical sciences, |
political science
(encz) | political science,politická věda n: Zdeněk Brož |
prescience
(encz) | prescience,jasnovidnost n: Zdeněk Brožprescience,jasnozřivost Jaroslav Šedivý |
pseudoscience
(encz) | pseudoscience,pavěda n: Zdeněk Brož |
psychological science
(encz) | psychological science, n: |
science
(encz) | science,věda |
science faculty
(encz) | Science Faculty,přírodovědecká fakulta Pavel Cvrček |
science fiction
(encz) | Science Fiction,sci-fi [zkr.] Petr Prášek |
science lab
(encz) | science lab, n: |
science laboratory
(encz) | science laboratory, n: |
science museum
(encz) | science museum, n: |
science teacher
(encz) | science teacher, n: |
sciences
(encz) | sciences,vědy n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
sf (science fiction)
(encz) | SF (Science Fiction),sci-fi [zkr.] Petr Prášek |
social science
(encz) | social science,společenská věda n: Zdeněk Brož |
theory science
(encz) | theory science,teoretická věda [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
voice of conscience
(encz) | voice of conscience, n: |
zoological science
(encz) | zoological science, n: |
american association for the advancement of science
(czen) | American Association for the Advancement of Science,AAAS[zkr.]
[voj.] Zdeněk Brož a automatický překlad |
bachelor of engineering science
(czen) | Bachelor of Engineering Science,BES[zkr.] Petr Prášek |
defense science board
(czen) | Defense Science Board,DSB[zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a automatický
překlad |
science and technology
(czen) | Science and Technology,S&T[zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a automatický
překlad |
science fiction
(czen) | science fiction,sci-fi Zdeněk Brož |
Associate in Applied Science
(gcide) | Associate in Applied Science \Associate in Applied Science\ n.
1. an associate degree conferred for successful studies in
applied science.
Syn: AAS
[WordNet 1.5] |
Christian Science
(gcide) | Christian Science \Christian Science\
A system of healing disease of mind and body which teaches
that all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sickness,
and death will be destroyed by a full understanding of the
Divine Principle of Jesus' teaching and healing. The system
was founded by Rev. Mary Baker Glover Eddy, of Concord, N.
H., in 1866, and bases its teaching on the Scriptures as
understood by its adherents.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Comparative sciences
(gcide) | Comparative \Com*par"a*tive\, a. [L. comparativus: cf. F.
comparatif.]
1. Of or pertaining to comparison. "The comparative faculty."
--Glanvill.
[1913 Webster]
2. Proceeding from, or by the method of, comparison; as, the
comparative sciences; the comparative anatomy.
[1913 Webster]
3. Estimated by comparison; relative; not positive or
absolute, as compared with another thing or state.
[1913 Webster]
The recurrence of comparative warmth and cold.
--Whewell.
[1913 Webster]
The bubble, by reason of its comparative levity to
the fluid that incloses it, would necessarily ascend
to the top. --Bentley.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Gram.) Expressing a degree greater or less than the
positive degree of the quality denoted by an adjective or
adverb. The comparative degree is formed from the positive
by the use of -er, more, or less; as, brighter, more
bright, or less bright.
[1913 Webster]
Comparative sciences, those which are based on a
comprehensive comparison of the range of objects or facts
in any branch or department, and which aim to study out
and treat of the fundamental laws or systems of relation
pervading them; as, comparative anatomy, {comparative
physiology}, comparative philology.
[1913 Webster]Science \Sci"ence\, n. [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis,
p. pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience, Conscious,
Nice.]
1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained
truth of facts.
[1913 Webster]
If we conceive God's sight or science, before the
creation, to be extended to all and every part of
the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his
science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity
on anything to come to pass. --Hammond.
[1913 Webster]
Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental
philosophy. --Coleridge.
[1913 Webster]
2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been
systematized and formulated with reference to the
discovery of general truths or the operation of general
laws; knowledge classified and made available in work,
life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or
philosophical knowledge.
[1913 Webster]
All this new science that men lere [teach].
--Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having,
in point of form, the character of logical
perfection, and in point of matter, the character of
real truth. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical
world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and
forces of matter, the qualities and functions of living
tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science, and
physical science.
[1913 Webster]
Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field
entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history,
philosophy. --J. Morley.
[1913 Webster]
4. Any branch or department of systematized knowledge
considered as a distinct field of investigation or object
of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or
of mind.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar,
rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and
astronomy; -- the first three being included in the
Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium.
[1913 Webster]
Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven,
And though no science, fairly worth the seven.
--Pope.
[1913 Webster]
5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of
knowledge of laws and principles.
[1913 Webster]
His science, coolness, and great strength. --G. A.
Lawrence.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a
knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained,
accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes,
or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers,
causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all
applications. Both these terms have a similar and
special signification when applied to the science of
quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact
science is knowledge so systematized that prediction
and verification, by measurement, experiment,
observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and
physical sciences are called the exact sciences.
[1913 Webster]
Comparative sciences, Inductive sciences. See under
Comparative, and Inductive.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Literature; art; knowledge.
Usage: Science, Literature, Art. Science is literally
knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and
orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more
distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of
knowledge of which the subject-matter is either
ultimate principles, or facts as explained by
principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The
term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not
embraced under science, but usually confined to the
belles-lettres. [See Literature.] Art is that which
depends on practice and skill in performance. "In
science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut
producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be
said to be investigations of truth; but one, science,
inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art,
for the sake of production; and hence science is more
concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower;
and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive
application. And the most perfect state of science,
therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry;
the perfection of art will be the most apt and
efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself
into the form of rules." --Karslake.
[1913 Webster] |
Concrete science
(gcide) | Concrete \Con"crete\ (? or ?), a. [L. concretus, p. p. of
concrescere to grow together; con- + crescere to grow; cf. F.
concret. See Crescent.]
1. United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate
particles into one mass; united in a solid form.
[1913 Webster]
The first concrete state, or consistent surface, of
the chaos must be of the same figure as the last
liquid state. --Bp. Burnet.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Logic)
(a) Standing for an object as it exists in nature,
invested with all its qualities, as distinguished from
standing for an attribute of an object; -- opposed to
abstract. Hence:
(b) Applied to a specific object; special; particular; --
opposed to general. See Abstract, 3.
[1913 Webster]
Concrete is opposed to abstract. The names of
individuals are concrete, those of classes
abstract. --J. S. Mill.
[1913 Webster]
Concrete terms, while they express the quality,
do also express, or imply, or refer to, some
subject to which it belongs. --I. Watts.
[1913 Webster]
Concrete number, a number associated with, or applied to, a
particular object, as three men, five days, etc., as
distinguished from an abstract number, or one used without
reference to a particular object.
Concrete quantity, a physical object or a collection of
such objects. --Davies & Peck.
Concrete science, a physical science, one having as its
subject of knowledge concrete things instead of abstract
laws.
Concrete sound or movement of the voice, one which slides
continuously up or down, as distinguished from a
discrete movement, in which the voice leaps at once from
one line of pitch to another. --Rush.
[1913 Webster] |
Conscience
(gcide) | Conscience \Con"science\, n. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia,
fr. consciens, p. pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See Science.]
1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.
--Denham.
[1913 Webster]
2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as
to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is
wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right;
the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the
moral sense.
[1913 Webster]
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
As science means knowledge, conscience
etymologically means self-knowledge . . . But the
English word implies a moral standard of action in
the mind as well as a consciousness of our own
actions. . . . Conscience is the reason, employed
about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied
with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
--Whewell.
[1913 Webster]
3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or
right or duty.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary
to its directions. --Adam Smith.
[1913 Webster]
4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience clause, a clause in a general law exempting
persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering
military service, etc.
Conscience money, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that
is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such
money paid into the United States treasury by unknown
debtors is called the Conscience fund.
Court of Conscience, a court established for the recovery
of small debts, in London and other trading cities and
districts. [Eng.] --Blackstone.
In conscience, In all conscience, in deference or
obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.
"This is enough in conscience." --Howell. "Half a dozen
fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should
require." --Swift.
To make conscience of, To make a matter of conscience, to
act according to the dictates of conscience concerning
(any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its
dictates.
[1913 Webster] |
Conscience clause
(gcide) | Conscience \Con"science\, n. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia,
fr. consciens, p. pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See Science.]
1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.
--Denham.
[1913 Webster]
2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as
to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is
wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right;
the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the
moral sense.
[1913 Webster]
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
As science means knowledge, conscience
etymologically means self-knowledge . . . But the
English word implies a moral standard of action in
the mind as well as a consciousness of our own
actions. . . . Conscience is the reason, employed
about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied
with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
--Whewell.
[1913 Webster]
3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or
right or duty.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary
to its directions. --Adam Smith.
[1913 Webster]
4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience clause, a clause in a general law exempting
persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering
military service, etc.
Conscience money, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that
is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such
money paid into the United States treasury by unknown
debtors is called the Conscience fund.
Court of Conscience, a court established for the recovery
of small debts, in London and other trading cities and
districts. [Eng.] --Blackstone.
In conscience, In all conscience, in deference or
obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.
"This is enough in conscience." --Howell. "Half a dozen
fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should
require." --Swift.
To make conscience of, To make a matter of conscience, to
act according to the dictates of conscience concerning
(any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its
dictates.
[1913 Webster] |
Conscience money
(gcide) | Conscience \Con"science\, n. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia,
fr. consciens, p. pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See Science.]
1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.
--Denham.
[1913 Webster]
2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as
to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is
wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right;
the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the
moral sense.
[1913 Webster]
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
As science means knowledge, conscience
etymologically means self-knowledge . . . But the
English word implies a moral standard of action in
the mind as well as a consciousness of our own
actions. . . . Conscience is the reason, employed
about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied
with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
--Whewell.
[1913 Webster]
3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or
right or duty.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary
to its directions. --Adam Smith.
[1913 Webster]
4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience clause, a clause in a general law exempting
persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering
military service, etc.
Conscience money, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that
is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such
money paid into the United States treasury by unknown
debtors is called the Conscience fund.
Court of Conscience, a court established for the recovery
of small debts, in London and other trading cities and
districts. [Eng.] --Blackstone.
In conscience, In all conscience, in deference or
obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.
"This is enough in conscience." --Howell. "Half a dozen
fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should
require." --Swift.
To make conscience of, To make a matter of conscience, to
act according to the dictates of conscience concerning
(any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its
dictates.
[1913 Webster] |
Conscienced
(gcide) | Conscienced \Con"scienced\, a.
Having a conscience. [R.] "Soft-conscienced men." --Shak.
[1913 Webster] |
Conscienceless
(gcide) | Conscienceless \Con"science*less\, a.
Without conscience; indifferent to conscience; unscrupulous.
[1913 Webster]
Conscienceless and wicked patrons. --Hookre.
[1913 Webster] |
Court of Conscience
(gcide) | Conscience \Con"science\, n. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia,
fr. consciens, p. pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See Science.]
1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.
--Denham.
[1913 Webster]
2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as
to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is
wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right;
the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the
moral sense.
[1913 Webster]
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
As science means knowledge, conscience
etymologically means self-knowledge . . . But the
English word implies a moral standard of action in
the mind as well as a consciousness of our own
actions. . . . Conscience is the reason, employed
about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied
with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
--Whewell.
[1913 Webster]
3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or
right or duty.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary
to its directions. --Adam Smith.
[1913 Webster]
4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Conscience clause, a clause in a general law exempting
persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering
military service, etc.
Conscience money, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that
is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such
money paid into the United States treasury by unknown
debtors is called the Conscience fund.
Court of Conscience, a court established for the recovery
of small debts, in London and other trading cities and
districts. [Eng.] --Blackstone.
In conscience, In all conscience, in deference or
obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.
"This is enough in conscience." --Howell. "Half a dozen
fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should
require." --Swift.
To make conscience of, To make a matter of conscience, to
act according to the dictates of conscience concerning
(any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its
dictates.
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experimental science
(gcide) | Research \Re*search"\ (r?-s?rch"), n. [Pref. re- + search: cf
OF. recerche, F. recherche.]
1. Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or
principles; laborious or continued search after truth; as,
researches of human wisdom; to research a topic in the
library; medical research.
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The dearest interests of parties have frequently
been staked on the results of the researches of
antiquaries. --Macaulay.
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2. Systematic observation of phenomena for the purpose of
learning new facts or testing the application of theories
to known facts; -- also called scientific research. This
is the research part of the phrase "research and
development" (R&D).
Note: The distinctive characteristic of scientific research
is the maintenance of records and careful control or
observation of conditions under which the phenomena are
studied so that others will be able to reproduce the
observations. When the person conducting the research
varies the conditions beforehand in order to test
directly the effects of changing conditions on the
results of the observation, such investigation is
called experimental research or experimentation or
experimental science; it is often conducted in a
laboratory. If the investigation is conducted with a
view to obtaining information directly useful in
producing objects with commercial or practical utility,
the research is called applied research.
Investigation conducted for the primary purpose of
discovering new facts about natural phenomena, or to
elaborate or test theories about natural phenomena, is
called basic research or fundamental research.
Research in fields such as astronomy, in which the
phenomena to be observed cannot be controlled by the
experimenter, is called observational research.
Epidemiological research is a type of observational
research in which the researcher applies statistical
methods to analyse patterns of occurrence of disease
and its association with other phenomena within a
population, with a view to understanding the origins or
mode of transmission of the disease.
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Syn: Investigation; examination; inquiry; scrutiny.
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In all conscience
(gcide) | Conscience \Con"science\, n. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia,
fr. consciens, p. pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See Science.]
1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.
[Obs.]
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The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.
--Denham.
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2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as
to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is
wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right;
the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the
moral sense.
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My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain. --Shak.
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As science means knowledge, conscience
etymologically means self-knowledge . . . But the
English word implies a moral standard of action in
the mind as well as a consciousness of our own
actions. . . . Conscience is the reason, employed
about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied
with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
--Whewell.
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3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or
right or duty.
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Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary
to its directions. --Adam Smith.
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4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
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Conscience clause, a clause in a general law exempting
persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering
military service, etc.
Conscience money, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that
is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such
money paid into the United States treasury by unknown
debtors is called the Conscience fund.
Court of Conscience, a court established for the recovery
of small debts, in London and other trading cities and
districts. [Eng.] --Blackstone.
In conscience, In all conscience, in deference or
obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.
"This is enough in conscience." --Howell. "Half a dozen
fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should
require." --Swift.
To make conscience of, To make a matter of conscience, to
act according to the dictates of conscience concerning
(any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its
dictates.
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In conscience
(gcide) | Conscience \Con"science\, n. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia,
fr. consciens, p. pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See Science.]
1. Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness.
[Obs.]
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The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.
--Denham.
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2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which decides as
to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is
wrong, and approving and prompting to that which is right;
the moral faculty passing judgment on one's self; the
moral sense.
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My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain. --Shak.
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As science means knowledge, conscience
etymologically means self-knowledge . . . But the
English word implies a moral standard of action in
the mind as well as a consciousness of our own
actions. . . . Conscience is the reason, employed
about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied
with the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
--Whewell.
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3. The estimate or determination of conscience; conviction or
right or duty.
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Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary
to its directions. --Adam Smith.
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4. Tenderness of feeling; pity. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
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Conscience clause, a clause in a general law exempting
persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering
military service, etc.
Conscience money, stolen or wrongfully acquired money that
is voluntarily restored to the rightful possessor. Such
money paid into the United States treasury by unknown
debtors is called the Conscience fund.
Court of Conscience, a court established for the recovery
of small debts, in London and other trading cities and
districts. [Eng.] --Blackstone.
In conscience, In all conscience, in deference or
obedience to conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably.
"This is enough in conscience." --Howell. "Half a dozen
fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should
require." --Swift.
To make conscience of, To make a matter of conscience, to
act according to the dictates of conscience concerning
(any matter), or to scruple to act contrary to its
dictates.
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Inductive sciences
(gcide) | Science \Sci"ence\, n. [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis,
p. pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience, Conscious,
Nice.]
1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained
truth of facts.
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If we conceive God's sight or science, before the
creation, to be extended to all and every part of
the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his
science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity
on anything to come to pass. --Hammond.
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Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental
philosophy. --Coleridge.
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2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been
systematized and formulated with reference to the
discovery of general truths or the operation of general
laws; knowledge classified and made available in work,
life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or
philosophical knowledge.
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All this new science that men lere [teach].
--Chaucer.
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Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having,
in point of form, the character of logical
perfection, and in point of matter, the character of
real truth. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
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3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical
world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and
forces of matter, the qualities and functions of living
tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science, and
physical science.
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Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field
entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history,
philosophy. --J. Morley.
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4. Any branch or department of systematized knowledge
considered as a distinct field of investigation or object
of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or
of mind.
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Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar,
rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and
astronomy; -- the first three being included in the
Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium.
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Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven,
And though no science, fairly worth the seven.
--Pope.
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5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of
knowledge of laws and principles.
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His science, coolness, and great strength. --G. A.
Lawrence.
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Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a
knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained,
accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes,
or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers,
causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all
applications. Both these terms have a similar and
special signification when applied to the science of
quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact
science is knowledge so systematized that prediction
and verification, by measurement, experiment,
observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and
physical sciences are called the exact sciences.
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Comparative sciences, Inductive sciences. See under
Comparative, and Inductive.
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Syn: Literature; art; knowledge.
Usage: Science, Literature, Art. Science is literally
knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and
orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more
distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of
knowledge of which the subject-matter is either
ultimate principles, or facts as explained by
principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The
term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not
embraced under science, but usually confined to the
belles-lettres. [See Literature.] Art is that which
depends on practice and skill in performance. "In
science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut
producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be
said to be investigations of truth; but one, science,
inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art,
for the sake of production; and hence science is more
concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower;
and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive
application. And the most perfect state of science,
therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry;
the perfection of art will be the most apt and
efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself
into the form of rules." --Karslake.
[1913 Webster]Inductive \In*duct"ive\, a. [LL. inductivus: cf. F. inductif.
See Induce.]
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1. Leading or drawing; persuasive; tempting; -- usually
followed by to.
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A brutish vice,
Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve. --Milton.
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2. Tending to induce or cause. [R.]
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They may be . . . inductive of credibility. --Sir M.
Hale.
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3. Leading to inferences; proceeding by, derived from, or
using, induction; as, inductive reasoning.
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4. (Physics)
(a) Operating by induction; as, an inductive electrical
machine.
(b) Facilitating induction; susceptible of being acted
upon by induction; as, certain substances have a great
inductive capacity.
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Inductive embarrassment (Physics), the retardation in
signaling on an electric wire, produced by lateral
induction.
Inductive philosophy or Inductive method. See
Philosophical induction, under Induction.
Inductive sciences, those sciences which admit of, and
employ, the inductive method, as astronomy, botany,
chemistry, etc.
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