| slovo | definícia |
certainty
(mass) | certainty
- istota |
certainty
(encz) | certainty,jistota |
certainty
(encz) | certainty,určitost n: Zdeněk Brož |
Certainty
(gcide) | Certainty \Cer"tain*ty\, n.; pl. Certainties. [OF.
certainet['e].]
1. The quality, state, or condition, of being certain.
[1913 Webster]
The certainty of punishment is the truest security
against crimes. --Fisher Ames.
[1913 Webster]
2. A fact or truth unquestionable established.
[1913 Webster]
Certainties are uninteresting and sating. --Landor.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) Clearness; freedom from ambiguity; lucidity.
[1913 Webster]
Of a certainty, certainly.
[1913 Webster] |
certainty
(wn) | certainty
n 1: the state of being certain; "his certainty reassured the
others" [ant: doubt, doubtfulness, dubiety,
dubiousness, incertitude, uncertainty]
2: something that is certain; "his victory is a certainty" [syn:
certainty, sure thing, foregone conclusion] [ant:
precariousness, uncertainness, uncertainty] |
CERTAINTY
(bouvier) | CERTAINTY, pleading. By certainty is understood a clear and distinct
statement of the facts which constitute the cause of action, or ground of
defence, so that they may be understood by the party who is to answer them,
by the jury who are to ascertain the truth of the allegations, and by the
court who are to give the judgment. Cowp. 682; Co. Litt. 308; 2 Bos. & Pull.
267; 13 East, R. 107; Com. Dig. Pleader, C 17; Hob. 295. Certainty has been
stated by Lord Coke, Co. Litt. 303, a, to be of three sorts namely, 1.
certainty to a common intent 2. to a certain intent in general; and, 3. to a
certain intent in every particular. In the case of Dovaston.v. Paine Buller,
J. said he remembered to have heard Mr. Justice Ashton treat these
distinctions as a jargon of words without meaning; 2 H. Bl. 530. They have,
however, long been made, and ought not altogether to be departed from.
2.-1. Certainty to a common intent is simply a rule of construction.
It occurs when words are used which will bear a natural sense, and also an
artificial one, or one to be made out by argument or inference. Upon the
ground of this rule the natural sense of words is adopted, without addition.
2 H. Bl. 530.
3.-2. Certainty to, a certain intent in general, is a greater degree
of certainty than the last, and means what upon a fair and reasonable
construction may be called certain, without recurring to possible facts
which do not appear; 9 Johns. R. 317; and is what is required in
declarations, replications, and indictments, in the charge or accusation,
and in returns to writs of mandamus. See 1 Saund. 49, n. 1; 1 Dougl. 159; 2
Johns. Cas. 339; Cowp. 682; 2 Mass. R. 363 by some of which authorities, it
would seem, certainty to a common intent is sufficient in a declaration.
4.-3. The third degree of certainty, is that which precludes all
argument, inference, or presumption against the party, pleading, and is that
technical accuracy which is not liable to the most subtle and scrupulous
objections, so that it is not merely a rule of construction, but of
addition; for where this certainty is necessary, the party must not only
state the facts of his case in the most precise way, but add to them such as
show that they are not to be controverted, and, as it were, anticipate the
case of his adversary. Lawes on Pl. 54, 55. See 1 Chitty on Pl. 235 to 241.
|
CERTAINTY
(bouvier) | CERTAINTY, UNCERTAINTY, contracts. In matters of obligation, a thing is
certain, when its essence, quality, and quantity, are described, distinctly
set forth, Dig. 12, 1, 6. It is uncertain, when the description is not that
of one individual object, but designates only the kind. Louis. Code, art.
3522, No. 8 5 Co. 121. Certainty is the mother of repose, and therefore the
law aims at certainty. 1 Dick. 245. Act of the 27th of July, 1789, ii. 2, 1
Story's Laws, 6. His compensation for his servicer, shall not exceed two
thousand dollars per annum. Gordon's Dig. art. 211.
2. If a contract be so vague in its terms, that its meaning cannot be
certainly collected, and the statute of frauds preclude the admissibility of
parol evidence to clear up the difficulty; 5 Barn. & Cr. 588; S. C. 12 Eng.
Com. L. R. 827; or parol evidence cannot supply the defect, then neither at
law, nor in equity, can effect be given to it. 1 Russ. & M. 116; 1 Ch. Pr.
123.
3. It is a maxim of law, that, that is certain which may be made
certain; certum est quod certum reddi potest Co. Litt. 43; for example, when
a man sells the oil he has in his store at so much a gallon, although there
is uncertainty as to the quantity of oil, yet inasmuch as it can be
ascertained, the maxim applies, and the sale is good. Vide generally, Story,
Eq. El. Sec. 240 to 256; Mitf. Pl. by Jeremy, 41; Coop. Eq. Pl. 5; Wigr. on
Disc. 77.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
uncertainty
(mass) | uncertainty
- neistota |
certainty effect
(encz) | certainty effect,efekt jistoty [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
certainty equivalence
(encz) | certainty equivalence,jistota ekvivalence [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
uncertainty
(encz) | uncertainty,nejistota uncertainty,neurčitost n: Zdeněk Brož |
uncertainty analysis
(encz) | uncertainty analysis,analýza nejistot [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskačuncertainty analysis,analýza neurčitosti [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
uncertainty factor (uf)
(encz) | uncertainty factor (UF),faktor nejistoty [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
uncertainty principle
(encz) | uncertainty principle, n: |
Certainty
(gcide) | Certainty \Cer"tain*ty\, n.; pl. Certainties. [OF.
certainet['e].]
1. The quality, state, or condition, of being certain.
[1913 Webster]
The certainty of punishment is the truest security
against crimes. --Fisher Ames.
[1913 Webster]
2. A fact or truth unquestionable established.
[1913 Webster]
Certainties are uninteresting and sating. --Landor.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) Clearness; freedom from ambiguity; lucidity.
[1913 Webster]
Of a certainty, certainly.
[1913 Webster] |
Incertainty
(gcide) | Incertainty \In*cer"tain*ty\, n.
Uncertainty. [Obs.] --Shak.
[1913 Webster] |
Moral certainty
(gcide) | Moral \Mor"al\, a. [F., fr. It. moralis, fr. mos, moris, manner,
custom, habit, way of life, conduct.]
1. Relating to duty or obligation; pertaining to those
intentions and actions of which right and wrong, virtue
and vice, are predicated, or to the rules by which such
intentions and actions ought to be directed; relating to
the practice, manners, or conduct of men as social beings
in relation to each other, as respects right and wrong, so
far as they are properly subject to rules.
[1913 Webster]
Keep at the least within the compass of moral
actions, which have in them vice or virtue.
--Hooker.
[1913 Webster]
Mankind is broken loose from moral bands. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
She had wandered without rule or guidance in a moral
wilderness. --Hawthorne.
[1913 Webster]
2. Conformed to accepted rules of right; acting in conformity
with such rules; virtuous; just; as, a moral man. Used
sometimes in distinction from religious; as, a moral
rather than a religious life.
[1913 Webster]
The wiser and more moral part of mankind. --Sir M.
Hale.
[1913 Webster]
3. Capable of right and wrong action or of being governed by
a sense of right; subject to the law of duty.
[1913 Webster]
A moral agent is a being capable of those actions
that have a moral quality, and which can properly be
denominated good or evil in a moral sense. --J.
Edwards.
[1913 Webster]
4. Acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of
right, or suited to act in such a manner; as, a moral
arguments; moral considerations. Sometimes opposed to
material and physical; as, moral pressure or support.
[1913 Webster]
5. Supported by reason or probability; practically
sufficient; -- opposed to legal or demonstrable; as, a
moral evidence; a moral certainty.
[1913 Webster]
6. Serving to teach or convey a moral; as, a moral lesson;
moral tales.
[1913 Webster]
Moral agent, a being who is capable of acting with
reference to right and wrong.
Moral certainty, a very high degree or probability,
although not demonstrable as a certainty; a probability of
so high a degree that it can be confidently acted upon in
the affairs of life; as, there is a moral certainty of his
guilt.
Moral insanity, insanity, so called, of the moral system;
badness alleged to be irresponsible.
Moral philosophy, the science of duty; the science which
treats of the nature and condition of man as a moral
being, of the duties which result from his moral
relations, and the reasons on which they are founded.
Moral play, an allegorical play; a morality. [Obs.]
Moral sense, the power of moral judgment and feeling; the
capacity to perceive what is right or wrong in moral
conduct, and to approve or disapprove, independently of
education or the knowledge of any positive rule or law.
Moral theology, theology applied to morals; practical
theology; casuistry.
[1913 Webster] |
Of a certainty
(gcide) | Certainty \Cer"tain*ty\, n.; pl. Certainties. [OF.
certainet['e].]
1. The quality, state, or condition, of being certain.
[1913 Webster]
The certainty of punishment is the truest security
against crimes. --Fisher Ames.
[1913 Webster]
2. A fact or truth unquestionable established.
[1913 Webster]
Certainties are uninteresting and sating. --Landor.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) Clearness; freedom from ambiguity; lucidity.
[1913 Webster]
Of a certainty, certainly.
[1913 Webster] |
Uncertainty
(gcide) | Uncertainty \Un*cer"tain*ty\, n.; pl. Uncertainties.
[1913 Webster]
1. The quality or state of being uncertain.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is uncertain; something unknown.
[1913 Webster]
Our shepherd's case is every man's case that quits a
moral certainty for an uncertainty. --L'Estrange.
[1913 Webster] |
moral certainty
(wn) | moral certainty
n 1: certainty based on an inner conviction; "she believed in
the importance of moral absolutes and moral certainty";
"the prosecutor had a moral certainty that the prisoner was
guilty" |
uncertainty
(wn) | uncertainty
n 1: being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance; "the
uncertainty of the outcome"; "the precariousness of his
income" [syn: uncertainty, uncertainness,
precariousness] [ant: certainty, foregone conclusion,
sure thing]
2: the state of being unsure of something [syn: doubt,
uncertainty, incertitude, dubiety, doubtfulness,
dubiousness] [ant: certainty] |
uncertainty principle
(wn) | uncertainty principle
n 1: (quantum theory) the theory that it is impossible to
measure both energy and time (or position and momentum)
completely accurately at the same time [syn: {uncertainty
principle}, indeterminacy principle] |
CERTAINTY
(bouvier) | CERTAINTY, pleading. By certainty is understood a clear and distinct
statement of the facts which constitute the cause of action, or ground of
defence, so that they may be understood by the party who is to answer them,
by the jury who are to ascertain the truth of the allegations, and by the
court who are to give the judgment. Cowp. 682; Co. Litt. 308; 2 Bos. & Pull.
267; 13 East, R. 107; Com. Dig. Pleader, C 17; Hob. 295. Certainty has been
stated by Lord Coke, Co. Litt. 303, a, to be of three sorts namely, 1.
certainty to a common intent 2. to a certain intent in general; and, 3. to a
certain intent in every particular. In the case of Dovaston.v. Paine Buller,
J. said he remembered to have heard Mr. Justice Ashton treat these
distinctions as a jargon of words without meaning; 2 H. Bl. 530. They have,
however, long been made, and ought not altogether to be departed from.
2.-1. Certainty to a common intent is simply a rule of construction.
It occurs when words are used which will bear a natural sense, and also an
artificial one, or one to be made out by argument or inference. Upon the
ground of this rule the natural sense of words is adopted, without addition.
2 H. Bl. 530.
3.-2. Certainty to, a certain intent in general, is a greater degree
of certainty than the last, and means what upon a fair and reasonable
construction may be called certain, without recurring to possible facts
which do not appear; 9 Johns. R. 317; and is what is required in
declarations, replications, and indictments, in the charge or accusation,
and in returns to writs of mandamus. See 1 Saund. 49, n. 1; 1 Dougl. 159; 2
Johns. Cas. 339; Cowp. 682; 2 Mass. R. 363 by some of which authorities, it
would seem, certainty to a common intent is sufficient in a declaration.
4.-3. The third degree of certainty, is that which precludes all
argument, inference, or presumption against the party, pleading, and is that
technical accuracy which is not liable to the most subtle and scrupulous
objections, so that it is not merely a rule of construction, but of
addition; for where this certainty is necessary, the party must not only
state the facts of his case in the most precise way, but add to them such as
show that they are not to be controverted, and, as it were, anticipate the
case of his adversary. Lawes on Pl. 54, 55. See 1 Chitty on Pl. 235 to 241.
CERTAINTY, UNCERTAINTY, contracts. In matters of obligation, a thing is
certain, when its essence, quality, and quantity, are described, distinctly
set forth, Dig. 12, 1, 6. It is uncertain, when the description is not that
of one individual object, but designates only the kind. Louis. Code, art.
3522, No. 8 5 Co. 121. Certainty is the mother of repose, and therefore the
law aims at certainty. 1 Dick. 245. Act of the 27th of July, 1789, ii. 2, 1
Story's Laws, 6. His compensation for his servicer, shall not exceed two
thousand dollars per annum. Gordon's Dig. art. 211.
2. If a contract be so vague in its terms, that its meaning cannot be
certainly collected, and the statute of frauds preclude the admissibility of
parol evidence to clear up the difficulty; 5 Barn. & Cr. 588; S. C. 12 Eng.
Com. L. R. 827; or parol evidence cannot supply the defect, then neither at
law, nor in equity, can effect be given to it. 1 Russ. & M. 116; 1 Ch. Pr.
123.
3. It is a maxim of law, that, that is certain which may be made
certain; certum est quod certum reddi potest Co. Litt. 43; for example, when
a man sells the oil he has in his store at so much a gallon, although there
is uncertainty as to the quantity of oil, yet inasmuch as it can be
ascertained, the maxim applies, and the sale is good. Vide generally, Story,
Eq. El. Sec. 240 to 256; Mitf. Pl. by Jeremy, 41; Coop. Eq. Pl. 5; Wigr. on
Disc. 77.
|
UNCERTAINTY
(bouvier) | UNCERTAINTY. That which is unknown or vague. Vide Certainty.
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