| slovo | definícia |
doctrine
(mass) | doctrine
- náuka, doktrína |
doctrine
(encz) | doctrine,doktrína n: Zdeněk Brož |
doctrine
(encz) | doctrine,nauka n: Zdeněk Brož |
doctrine
(gcide) | doctrine \doc"trine\ (d[o^]k"tr[i^]n), n. [F. doctrine, L.
doctrina, fr. doctor. See Doctor.]
1. Teaching; instruction.
[1913 Webster]
He taught them many things by parables, and said
unto them in his doctrine, Hearken. -- Mark iv. 2.
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2. That which is taught; what is held, put forth as true, and
supported by a teacher, a school, or a sect; a principle
or position, or the body of principles, in any branch of
knowledge; any tenet or dogma; a principle of faith; as,
the doctrine of atoms; the doctrine of chances. "The
doctrine of gravitation." --I. Watts.
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Articles of faith and doctrine. -- Hooker.
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The Monroe doctrine (Politics), a policy enunciated by
President Monroe (Message, Dec. 2, 1823), the essential
feature of which is that the United States will regard as
an unfriendly act any attempt on the part of European
powers to extend their systems on this continent, or any
interference to oppress, or in any manner control the
destiny of, governments whose independence had been
acknowledged by the United States.
Syn: Precept; tenet; principle; maxim; dogma.
Usage: -- Doctrine, Precept. Doctrine denotes whatever is
recommended as a speculative truth to the belief of
others. Precept is a rule down to be obeyed. Doctrine
supposes a teacher; precept supposes a superior, with
a right to command. The doctrines of the Bible; the
precepts of our holy religion.
[1913 Webster]
Unpracticed he to fawn or seek for power
By doctrines fashioned to the varying hour. --
Goldsmith.
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doctrine
(wn) | doctrine
n 1: a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative
by some group or school [syn: doctrine, philosophy,
philosophical system, school of thought, ism] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
doctrines
(mass) | doctrines
- doktríny |
cell doctrine
(encz) | cell doctrine, n: |
church doctrine
(encz) | church doctrine, n: |
cy pres doctrine
(encz) | cy pres doctrine, n: |
doctrine of analogy
(encz) | doctrine of analogy, n: |
doctrines
(encz) | doctrines,doktríny n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
joint and several liability doctrine
(encz) | joint and several liability doctrine,doktrína spojené a individuální
zodpovědnosti [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
judicial doctrine
(encz) | judicial doctrine, n: |
monroe doctrine
(encz) | Monroe doctrine,Monroeova doktrína [polit.] zásada americké politiky,
založená na odporu vůči vměšování evropských mocností do záležitostí
amerického kontinentu Petr Prášek |
philosophical doctrine
(encz) | philosophical doctrine, n: |
public trust doctrine.
(encz) | public trust doctrine.,teorie veřejné zodpovědnosti [eko.] RNDr. Pavel
Piskač |
religious doctrine
(encz) | religious doctrine, n: |
riparian doctrine
(encz) | riparian doctrine,pobřežní doktrína [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
theological doctrine
(encz) | theological doctrine, n: |
Doctrine of atoms
(gcide) | Atomic \A*tom"ic\, Atomical \A*tom"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. atomique.]
1. Of or pertaining to atoms.
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2. Extremely minute; tiny.
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Atomic bomb, see atom bomb in the vocabulary.
Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which,
assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion,
accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things.
This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was
developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by
Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean
philosophy.
Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions
(Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place
between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of
bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to
three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers.
Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element
as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken
as a standard.
[1913 Webster] |
Doctrine of chances
(gcide) | Chance \Chance\ (ch[.a]ns), n. [F. chance, OF. cheance, fr. LL.
cadentia a allusion to the falling of the dice), fr. L.
cadere to fall; akin to Skr. [,c]ad to fall, L. cedere to
yield, E. cede. Cf. Cadence.]
1. A supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity
other than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in
this sense often personified.
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It is strictly and philosophically true in nature
and reason that there is no such thing as chance or
accident; it being evident that these words do not
signify anything really existing, anything that is
truly an agent or the cause of any event; but they
signify merely men's ignorance of the real and
immediate cause. --Samuel
Clark.
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Note: Many of the everyday events which people observe and
attribute to chance fall into the category described by
Clark, as being in practice too complex for people to
easily predict, but in theory predictable if one were
to know the actions of the causal agents in great
detail. At the subatomic level, however, there is much
evidence to support the notion derived from
Heisenberg's uncertaintly principle, that phenomena
occur in nature which are truly randomly determined,
not merely too complex to predict or observe
accurately. Such phenomena, however, are observed only
with one or a very small number of subatomic particles.
When the probabilities of observed events are
determined by the behavior of aggregates of millions of
particles, the variations due to such quantum
indeterminacy becomes so small as to be unobservable
even over billions of repetitions, and may therefore be
ignored in practical situations; such variations are so
improbable that it would be irrational to condition
anything of consequence upon the occurrence of such an
improbable event. A clever experimenter, nevertheless,
may contrive a system where a very visible event (such
as the dynamiting of a building) depends on the
occurrence of a truly chance subatomic event (such as
the disintegration of a single radioactive nucleus). In
such a contrived situation, one may accurately speak of
an event determined by chance, in the sense of a random
occurrence completely unpredictable, at least as to
time.
[PJC]
Any society into which chance might throw him.
--Macaulay.
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That power
Which erring men call Chance. --Milton.
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2. The operation or activity of such agent.
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By chance a priest came down that way. --Luke x. 31.
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3. The supposed effect of such an agent; something that
befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces;
the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated
upon; an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident;
fortuity; casualty.
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In the field of observation, chance favors only the
mind that is prepared. --Louis
Pasteur.
[PJC]
Note: This quotation is usually found in the form "Chance
favors the prepared mind." It is a common rejoinder to
the assertion that a scientist was "lucky" to have made
some particular discovery because of unanticipated
factors. A related quotation, from the
Nobel-Prize-winning chemist R. B. Woodward, is that "A
scientist has to work wery hard to get to the point
where he can be lucky."
[PJC]
It was a chance that happened to us. --1 Sam. vi.
9.
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The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts,
And wins (O shameful chance!) the Queen of
Hearts. --Pope.
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I spake of most disastrous chance. --Shak.
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4. A possibility; a likelihood; an opportunity; -- with
reference to a doubtful result; as, a chance to escape; a
chance for life; the chances are all against him.
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So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune.
That I would get my life on any chance,
To mend it, or be rid on 't --Shak.
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5. (Math.) Probability.
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Note: The mathematical expression, of a chance is the ratio
of frequency with which an event happens in the long
run. If an event may happen in a ways and may fail in b
ways, and each of these a + b ways is equally likely,
the chance, or probability, that the event will happen
is measured by the fraction a/a + b, and the chance, or
probability, that it will fail is measured by b/a + b.
[1913 Webster]
Chance comer, one who comes unexpectedly.
The last chance, the sole remaining ground of hope.
The main chance, the chief opportunity; that upon which
reliance is had, esp. self-interest.
Theory of chances, Doctrine of chances (Math.), that
branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of
the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice
in given positions.
To mind one's chances, to take advantage of every
circumstance; to seize every opportunity.
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Doctrine of definite proportions
(gcide) | Atomic \A*tom"ic\, Atomical \A*tom"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. atomique.]
1. Of or pertaining to atoms.
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2. Extremely minute; tiny.
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Atomic bomb, see atom bomb in the vocabulary.
Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which,
assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion,
accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things.
This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was
developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by
Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean
philosophy.
Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions
(Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place
between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of
bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to
three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers.
Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element
as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken
as a standard.
[1913 Webster] |
doctrine of identity
(gcide) | Identism \I*den"tism\, n. [See Identity.] (Metaph.)
The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and
subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called
also the system of identity or doctrine of identity.
[1913 Webster] |
doctrine of the hinterland
(gcide) | hinterland \hin"ter*land`\, n. [G.; hinter behind + land land.]
a remote and undeveloped area; originally, the land or region
lying behind the coast district. The term is used esp. with
reference to the so-called
doctrine of the hinterland, sometimes advanced, that
occupation of the coast supports a claim to an exclusive
right to occupy, from time to time, the territory lying
inland of the coast.
Syn: backwoods, back country, boondocks.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. + WordNet 1.5] |
Doctrine of the sphere
(gcide) | Sphere \Sphere\, n. [OE. spere, OF. espere, F. sph[`e]re, L.
sphaera,. Gr. ??? a sphere, a ball.]
1. (Geom.) A body or space contained under a single surface,
which in every part is equally distant from a point within
called its center.
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2. Hence, any globe or globular body, especially a celestial
one, as the sun, a planet, or the earth.
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Of celestial bodies, first the sun,
A mighty sphere, he framed. --Milton.
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3. (Astron.)
(a) The apparent surface of the heavens, which is assumed
to be spherical and everywhere equally distant, in
which the heavenly bodies appear to have their places,
and on which the various astronomical circles, as of
right ascension and declination, the equator,
ecliptic, etc., are conceived to be drawn; an ideal
geometrical sphere, with the astronomical and
geographical circles in their proper positions on it.
(b) In ancient astronomy, one of the concentric and
eccentric revolving spherical transparent shells in
which the stars, sun, planets, and moon were supposed
to be set, and by which they were carried, in such a
manner as to produce their apparent motions.
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4. (Logic) The extension of a general conception, or the
totality of the individuals or species to which it may be
applied.
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5. Circuit or range of action, knowledge, or influence;
compass; province; employment; place of existence.
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To be called into a huge sphere, and not to be seen
to move in 't. --Shak.
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Taking her out of the ordinary relations with
humanity, and inclosing her in a sphere by herself.
--Hawthorne.
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Each in his hidden sphere of joy or woe
Our hermit spirits dwell. --Keble.
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6. Rank; order of society; social positions.
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7. An orbit, as of a star; a socket. [R.] --Shak.
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Armillary sphere, Crystalline sphere, Oblique sphere,.
See under Armillary, Crystalline,.
Doctrine of the sphere, applications of the principles of
spherical trigonometry to the properties and relations of
the circles of the sphere, and the problems connected with
them, in astronomy and geography, as to the latitudes and
longitudes, distance and bearing, of places on the earth,
and the right ascension and declination, altitude and
azimuth, rising and setting, etc., of the heavenly bodies;
spherical geometry.
Music of the spheres. See under Music.
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Syn: Globe; orb; circle. See Globe.
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Endoctrine
(gcide) | Endoctrine \En*doc"trine\, v. t. [Pref. en- + doctrine.]
To teach; to indoctrinate. [Obs.] --Donne.
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Monroe doctrine
(gcide) | Monroe doctrine \Mon*roe" doc"trine\
See under Doctrine.
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The let-alone doctrine
(gcide) | Let-alone \Let"-a*lone"\ (l[e^]t"[.a]*l[=o]n"), a.
Letting alone.
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The let-alone principle, The let-alone doctrine, or {The
let-alone policy}. (Polit. Econ.) See Laissez faire.
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The Monroe doctrine
(gcide) | doctrine \doc"trine\ (d[o^]k"tr[i^]n), n. [F. doctrine, L.
doctrina, fr. doctor. See Doctor.]
1. Teaching; instruction.
[1913 Webster]
He taught them many things by parables, and said
unto them in his doctrine, Hearken. -- Mark iv. 2.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is taught; what is held, put forth as true, and
supported by a teacher, a school, or a sect; a principle
or position, or the body of principles, in any branch of
knowledge; any tenet or dogma; a principle of faith; as,
the doctrine of atoms; the doctrine of chances. "The
doctrine of gravitation." --I. Watts.
[1913 Webster]
Articles of faith and doctrine. -- Hooker.
[1913 Webster]
The Monroe doctrine (Politics), a policy enunciated by
President Monroe (Message, Dec. 2, 1823), the essential
feature of which is that the United States will regard as
an unfriendly act any attempt on the part of European
powers to extend their systems on this continent, or any
interference to oppress, or in any manner control the
destiny of, governments whose independence had been
acknowledged by the United States.
Syn: Precept; tenet; principle; maxim; dogma.
Usage: -- Doctrine, Precept. Doctrine denotes whatever is
recommended as a speculative truth to the belief of
others. Precept is a rule down to be obeyed. Doctrine
supposes a teacher; precept supposes a superior, with
a right to command. The doctrines of the Bible; the
precepts of our holy religion.
[1913 Webster]
Unpracticed he to fawn or seek for power
By doctrines fashioned to the varying hour. --
Goldsmith.
[1913 Webster] |
Unwritten doctrines
(gcide) | Unwritten \Un*writ"ten\, a.
1. Not written; not reduced to writing; oral; as, unwritten
agreements.
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2. Containing no writing; blank; as, unwritten paper.
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Unwritten doctrines (Theol.), such doctrines as have been
handed down by word of mouth; oral or traditional
doctrines.
Unwritten law. [Cf. L. lex non scripta.] That part of the
law of England and of the United States which is not
derived from express legislative enactment, or at least
from any enactment now extant and in force as such. This
law is now generally contained in the reports of judicial
decisions. See Common law, under Common.
Unwritten laws, such laws as have been handed down by
tradition or in song. Such were the laws of the early
nations of Europe.
[1913 Webster] |
baptistic doctrine
(wn) | Baptistic doctrine
n 1: any of various doctrines closely related to Anabaptism |
cell doctrine
(wn) | cell doctrine
n 1: (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental
structural and functional units of all living organisms;
proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor
Schwann [syn: cell theory, cell doctrine] |
church doctrine
(wn) | church doctrine
n 1: the written body of teachings of a religious group that are
generally accepted by that group [syn: {religious
doctrine}, church doctrine, gospel, creed] |
cy pres doctrine
(wn) | cy pres doctrine
n 1: a rule that when literal compliance is impossible the
intention of a donor or testator should be carried out as
nearly as possible [syn: cy pres, rule of cy pres, {cy
pres doctrine}] |
doctrine of analogy
(wn) | doctrine of analogy
n 1: the religious belief that between creature and creator no
similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity
is always greater; any analogy between God and humans will
always be inadequate [syn: doctrine of analogy,
analogy] [ant: apophatism, cataphatism] |
judicial doctrine
(wn) | judicial doctrine
n 1: (law) a principle underlying the formulation of
jurisprudence [syn: legal principle, {judicial
principle}, judicial doctrine] |
monroe doctrine
(wn) | Monroe Doctrine
n 1: an American foreign policy opposing interference in the
western hemisphere from outside powers |
philosophical doctrine
(wn) | philosophical doctrine
n 1: a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy [syn:
philosophical doctrine, philosophical theory] |
religious doctrine
(wn) | religious doctrine
n 1: the written body of teachings of a religious group that are
generally accepted by that group [syn: {religious
doctrine}, church doctrine, gospel, creed] |
theological doctrine
(wn) | theological doctrine
n 1: the doctrine of a religious group |
truman doctrine
(wn) | Truman doctrine
n 1: President Truman's policy of providing economic and
military aid to any country threatened by communism or
totalitarian ideology |
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