| slovo | definícia |
penicillin
(encz) | penicillin,penicilin n: Zdeněk Brož |
penicillin
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC] |
penicillin
(gcide) | Lactam \Lac"tam\, n. [Lactone + amido.] (Chem.)
One of a series of anhydrides of an amido type, analogous to
the lactones, as oxindol; a cyclic amide.
[1913 Webster]
beta-lactam or [beta]-lactam,
(a) a lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a
four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and
the carbonyl carbon.
(b) an antibiotic containing a beta-lactam, such as a
penicillin, cephalosporin, or carbapenem; also
called a beta-lactam antibiotic. [informal, laboratory
slang]
[PJC] |
penicillin
(wn) | penicillin
n 1: any of various antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds
(or produced synthetically) and used in the treatment of
various infections and diseases |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
penicillin f
(encz) | penicillin F, n: |
penicillin g
(encz) | penicillin G, n: |
penicillin o
(encz) | penicillin O, n: |
penicillin v
(encz) | penicillin V, n: |
penicillin v potassium
(encz) | penicillin V potassium, n: |
penicillin-resistant
(encz) | penicillin-resistant, adj: |
penicillin-resistant bacteria
(encz) | penicillin-resistant bacteria, n: |
penicillinase
(encz) | penicillinase, n: |
penicillinase-resistant antibiotic
(encz) | penicillinase-resistant antibiotic, n: |
phenoxymethyl penicillin
(encz) | phenoxymethyl penicillin, n: |
benzyl penicillin
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC] |
benzypenicillin
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC] |
penicillin G
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC] |
Penicillinase
(gcide) | Penicillinase \Pen`i*cil"lin*ase\, n. (Bioch.)
An enzyme which destroys the antibacterial activity of
penicillin by hydrolyzing the amide bond in the beta-lactam
ring. Many penicillinases are known, and are produced by a
wide variety of bacteria. The production of penicillinase is
one of the mechanisms by which bacteria may become resistant
to penicillins. Penicillinase production in various bacterial
species may be induced, i.e., it may occur only when
stimulated by the presence of penicillin in the culture
medium, or it may be constitutive, i.e., it may occur
whenever the cells are producing protein. Molecular weights
of the various penicillinases tend to cluster near 50,000.
[PJC] |
benzylpenicillin
(wn) | benzylpenicillin
n 1: the penicillin that constitutes the principal component of
many commercial antibiotics [syn: penicillin G,
benzylpenicillin] |
penicillin f
(wn) | penicillin F
n 1: the first form of penicillin that was isolated in Great
Britain |
penicillin g
(wn) | penicillin G
n 1: the penicillin that constitutes the principal component of
many commercial antibiotics [syn: penicillin G,
benzylpenicillin] |
penicillin o
(wn) | penicillin O
n 1: a penicillin that is similar in antibiotic action to
penicillin G but is obtained differently |
penicillin v
(wn) | penicillin V
n 1: a crystalline penicillin similar in action to penicillin G
but more resistant to the action of gastric acids [syn:
penicillin V, phenoxymethyl penicillin] |
penicillin v potassium
(wn) | penicillin V potassium
n 1: a form of penicillin V (trade name Ledercillin VK) [syn:
penicillin V potassium, Ledercillin VK] |
penicillin-resistant
(wn) | penicillin-resistant
adj 1: unaffected by penicillin; "penicillin-resistant bacteria" |
penicillin-resistant bacteria
(wn) | penicillin-resistant bacteria
n 1: bacteria that are unaffected by penicillin |
penicillinase
(wn) | penicillinase
n 1: enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates
penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
[syn: penicillinase, beta-lactamase] |
penicillinase-resistant antibiotic
(wn) | penicillinase-resistant antibiotic
n 1: a form of penicillin that is not rendered inactive by
penicillinase |
phenoxymethyl penicillin
(wn) | phenoxymethyl penicillin
n 1: a crystalline penicillin similar in action to penicillin G
but more resistant to the action of gastric acids [syn:
penicillin V, phenoxymethyl penicillin] |
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