| slovo | definícia |
sulphur
(mass) | sulphur
- sírnatý, sírový, síra |
sulphur
(encz) | sulphur,síra n: Zdeněk Brož |
sulphur
(encz) | sulphur,sirnatý adj: Zdeněk Brož |
sulphur
(encz) | sulphur,sirný adj: Zdeněk Brož |
sulphur
(encz) | sulphur,sírový adj: Zdeněk Brož |
Sulphur
(gcide) | Sulphur \Sul"phur\, n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as
pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic
regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy
materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic
weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral
sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
[1913 Webster]
Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a
lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of
gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine
(as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be
obtained in two crystalline modifications, in
orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the
former of which is the more stable at ordinary
temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium
and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group,
or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange
butterflies of the subfamily Pierinae; as, the clouded
sulphur (Eurymus philodice syn. Colias philodice),
which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United
States.
[1913 Webster]
Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of
a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur
into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification.
Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar.
Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid.
Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan.
Sulphur auratum [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder,
consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a
famous nostrum.
Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of
acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts
according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic]
Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a
pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of
sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of
sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly {sulphurous
acid}.
Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals,
formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but
with sulphur in the place of oxygen.
Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt.
Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling
sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by
the wind to a great distance.
Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3,
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in
water with a hissing noise and the production of heat,
forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating
agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly
sulphuric acid.
Sulphur whale. (Zool.) See Sulphur-bottom.
Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under
Lycopodium.
[1913 Webster] |
sulphur
(wn) | sulphur
n 1: an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic
element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many
sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form
(especially in volcanic regions) [syn: sulfur, S,
sulphur, atomic number 16]
v 1: treat with sulphur in order to preserve; "These dried
fruits are sulphured" [syn: sulphur, sulfur] |
sulphur
(elements) | sulphur
Symbol: S
Atomic number: 16
Atomic weight: 32.064
Yellow, nonmetallic element belonging to group 16 of the periodic table.
It is an essential element in living organisms, needed in the amino
acids
cysteine and methionine, and hence in many proteins. Absorbed by plants
from the soil as sulphate ion.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
desulphurating microorganism
(encz) | desulphurating microorganism,desulfurikační
mikroorganismus [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
desulphurization
(encz) | desulphurization,desulfurikace [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
desulphurizing microorganism
(encz) | desulphurizing microorganism,desulfurikační
mikroorganismus [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
native sulphur
(encz) | native sulphur, n: |
sulphur bacteria
(encz) | sulphur bacteria,sirná bakterie n: [bio.] mamm |
sulphur boom
(encz) | sulphur boom,vykvétání síry n: [tech.] mamm |
sulphur butterfly
(encz) | sulphur butterfly, n: |
sulphur digestion
(encz) | sulphur digestion,sirné vyhnívání (kanalizace) [eko.] RNDr. Pavel
Piskač |
sulphur dioxide
(encz) | sulphur dioxide,kysličník siřičitý n: [chem.] mamm |
sulphur hexafluoride
(encz) | sulphur hexafluoride, n: |
sulphur mine
(encz) | sulphur mine, n: |
sulphur oxide
(encz) | sulphur oxide, n: |
sulphur trioxide
(encz) | sulphur trioxide,kysličník sírový n: [chem.] mamm |
sulphur-crested cockatoo
(encz) | sulphur-crested cockatoo, n: |
sulphurette
(encz) | sulphurette, v: |
sulphuretted
(encz) | sulphuretted, adj: |
sulphuric
(encz) | sulphuric,sírový adj: Zdeněk Brož |
sulphuric acid
(encz) | sulphuric acid,kyselina sírová n: [chem.] mamm |
sulphuring
(encz) | sulphuring,síření v: [tech.] mamm |
sulphurize
(encz) | sulphurize,sířit v: [tech.] Zdeněk Brož |
sulphurous
(encz) | sulphurous,siřičitý adj: Zdeněk Brož |
sulphurous acid
(encz) | sulphurous acid,kyselina siřičitá n: [chem.] mamm |
sulphurous gas
(encz) | sulphurous gas,kysličník siřičitý n: [chem.] mamm |
sulphuryl
(encz) | sulphuryl,sulfuryl n: [chem.] radikál mamm |
sulphuryl amide
(encz) | sulphuryl amide,sulfamid n: [chem.] mamm |
sulphuryl chloramide
(encz) | sulphuryl chloramide,sulfamidchlorid n: [chem.] mamm |
Amorphous sulphur
(gcide) | Sulphur \Sul"phur\, n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as
pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic
regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy
materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic
weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral
sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
[1913 Webster]
Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a
lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of
gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine
(as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be
obtained in two crystalline modifications, in
orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the
former of which is the more stable at ordinary
temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium
and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group,
or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange
butterflies of the subfamily Pierinae; as, the clouded
sulphur (Eurymus philodice syn. Colias philodice),
which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United
States.
[1913 Webster]
Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of
a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur
into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification.
Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar.
Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid.
Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan.
Sulphur auratum [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder,
consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a
famous nostrum.
Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of
acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts
according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic]
Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a
pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of
sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of
sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly {sulphurous
acid}.
Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals,
formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but
with sulphur in the place of oxygen.
Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt.
Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling
sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by
the wind to a great distance.
Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3,
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in
water with a hissing noise and the production of heat,
forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating
agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly
sulphuric acid.
Sulphur whale. (Zool.) See Sulphur-bottom.
Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under
Lycopodium.
[1913 Webster] |
Bisulphuret
(gcide) | Bisulphuret \Bi*sul"phu*ret\, n. [Pref. bi- + sulphuret.]
(Chem.)
See Bisulphide.
[1913 Webster] |
Calobates sulphurea
(gcide) | Wagtail \Wag"tail`\, n. (Zool.)
Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging
to Motacilla and several allied genera of the family
Motacillidae. They have the habit of constantly jerking
their long tails up and down, whence the name.
[1913 Webster]
Field wagtail, any one of several species of wagtails of
the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs
longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do
the water wagtails. Most of the species are yellow
beneath. Called also yellow wagtail.
Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail
(Nemoricola Indica).
Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail ({Motacilla
lugubris}). It is variegated with black and white. The
name is applied also to other allied species having
similar colors. Called also pied dishwasher.
Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher ({Sauloprocta
motacilloides}) common in Southern Australia, where it is
very tame, and frequents stock yards and gardens and often
builds its nest about houses; -- called also {black
fantail}.
Water wagtail.
(a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the restricted
genus Motacilla. They live chiefly on the shores of
ponds and streams.
(b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush.
Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea)
having a slender bill and short legs.
[1913 Webster] |
cerulic sulphuric
(gcide) | Sulphindigotic \Sulph*in`di*got"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained,
as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid;
-- formerly called also cerulic sulphuric acid, but
properly called indigo-disulphonic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
Desulphurate
(gcide) | Desulphurate \De*sul"phu*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Desulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n. Desulphurating.]
To deprive of sulphur.
[1913 Webster] |
Desulphurated
(gcide) | Desulphurate \De*sul"phu*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Desulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n. Desulphurating.]
To deprive of sulphur.
[1913 Webster] |
Desulphurating
(gcide) | Desulphurate \De*sul"phu*rate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Desulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n. Desulphurating.]
To deprive of sulphur.
[1913 Webster] |
Desulphuration
(gcide) | Desulphuration \De*sul`phu*ra"tion\, n. [Cf. F.
d['e]sulfuration.]
The act or process of depriving of sulphur.
[1913 Webster] |
Desulphurization
(gcide) | Desulphurize \De*sul"phur*ize\, v. t.
To desulphurate; to deprive of sulphur. --
De*sul`phur*i*za"tion, n.
[1913 Webster] |
Desulphurize
(gcide) | Desulphurize \De*sul"phur*ize\, v. t.
To desulphurate; to deprive of sulphur. --
De*sul`phur*i*za"tion, n.
[1913 Webster] |
Deutosulphuret
(gcide) | Deutosulphuret \Deu`to*sul"phu*ret\, n. [Pref. deuto- +
sulphuret.] (Chem.)
A disulphide. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster] |
Disulphuret
(gcide) | Disulphuret \Di*sul"phu*ret\, n. [Pref. di- + sulphuret.]
(Chem.)
See Disulphide.
[1913 Webster] |
disulphuric
(gcide) | Pyrosulphuric \Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also
disulphuric acid) obtained by distillation of certain
sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7
resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of
indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.
[1913 Webster]Disulphuric \Di`sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pref. di- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of
sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
Disulphuric acid, a thick oily liquid, H2S2O7, called
also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the Harts,
where it was originally manufactured), {fuming sulphuric
acid}, and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under
Pyrosulphuric.
[1913 Webster] |
Disulphuric
(gcide) | Pyrosulphuric \Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also
disulphuric acid) obtained by distillation of certain
sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7
resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of
indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.
[1913 Webster]Disulphuric \Di`sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pref. di- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of
sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
Disulphuric acid, a thick oily liquid, H2S2O7, called
also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the Harts,
where it was originally manufactured), {fuming sulphuric
acid}, and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under
Pyrosulphuric.
[1913 Webster] |
Disulphuric acid
(gcide) | Disulphuric \Di`sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pref. di- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of
sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
Disulphuric acid, a thick oily liquid, H2S2O7, called
also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the Harts,
where it was originally manufactured), {fuming sulphuric
acid}, and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under
Pyrosulphuric.
[1913 Webster] |
ethyl sulphuric acid
(gcide) | oenothionic \oe`no*thi*on"ic\, a. [Gr. o'i^nos wine + thionic.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to an acid now called sulphovinic acid or {ethyl
sulphuric acid}.
[1913 Webster] |
Ethylsulphuric
(gcide) | Ethylsulphuric \Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric\a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.
[1913 Webster]
Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl,
H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of
sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active
catalytic agent in the process of etherification.
[1913 Webster] |
Ethylsulphuric acid
(gcide) | Ethylsulphuric \Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric\a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid.
[1913 Webster]
Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl,
H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of
sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active
catalytic agent in the process of etherification.
[1913 Webster] |
Fuming sulphuric acid
(gcide) | Fuming \Fum"ing\, a.
Producing fumes, or vapors.
[1913 Webster]
Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin.
Fuming liquor of Libavius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride;
the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile
liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it
solidifies to the so-called butter of tin.
Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid,
uder Disulphuric.
[1913 Webster]Sulphuric \Sul*phu"ric\, a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with the
sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.
[1913 Webster]
Sulphuric acid.
(a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so
called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.]
(b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless
when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced
by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen
(from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks
and dissolves many metals and other intractable
substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and
is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric
acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also
powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity
for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood,
clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of
ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin.
It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron
scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and
in general its manufacture is the most important and
fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly
called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol,
and oil of vitriol.
Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See
Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric.
Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur.
Sulphuric ether, common anaesthetic ether; -- so called
because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on
alcohol. See Ether, 3
(a) .
[1913 Webster]Disulphuric \Di`sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pref. di- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of
sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
Disulphuric acid, a thick oily liquid, H2S2O7, called
also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the Harts,
where it was originally manufactured), {fuming sulphuric
acid}, and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under
Pyrosulphuric.
[1913 Webster] |
fuming sulphuric acid
(gcide) | Fuming \Fum"ing\, a.
Producing fumes, or vapors.
[1913 Webster]
Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin.
Fuming liquor of Libavius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride;
the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile
liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it
solidifies to the so-called butter of tin.
Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid,
uder Disulphuric.
[1913 Webster]Sulphuric \Sul*phu"ric\, a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with the
sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.
[1913 Webster]
Sulphuric acid.
(a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so
called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.]
(b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless
when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced
by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen
(from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks
and dissolves many metals and other intractable
substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and
is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric
acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also
powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity
for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood,
clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of
ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin.
It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron
scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and
in general its manufacture is the most important and
fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly
called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol,
and oil of vitriol.
Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See
Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric.
Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur.
Sulphuric ether, common anaesthetic ether; -- so called
because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on
alcohol. See Ether, 3
(a) .
[1913 Webster]Disulphuric \Di`sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pref. di- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of
sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
Disulphuric acid, a thick oily liquid, H2S2O7, called
also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the Harts,
where it was originally manufactured), {fuming sulphuric
acid}, and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under
Pyrosulphuric.
[1913 Webster] |
Golden sulphuret of antimony
(gcide) | Golden \Gold"en\ (g[=o]ld"'n), a. [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden,
AS. gylden, from gold. See Gold, and cf. Guilder.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.
[1913 Webster]
2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.
[1913 Webster]
3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently
auspicious; as, golden opinions.
[1913 Webster]
Golden age.
(a) The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of
manners in rural employments, followed by the {silver
age}, bronze age, and iron age. --Dryden.
(b) (Roman Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D.
14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when
Cicero, C[ae]sar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence:
(c) That period in the history of a literature, etc., when
it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its
greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been
considered the golden age of English literature.
Golden balls, three gilt balls used as a sign of a
pawnbroker's office or shop; -- originally taken from the
coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in
London having been Lombards.
Golden bull. See under Bull, an edict.
Golden chain (Bot.), the shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so named
from its long clusters of yellow blossoms.
Golden club (Bot.), an aquatic plant ({Orontium
aquaticum}), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow
flowers.
Golden cup (Bot.), the buttercup.
Golden eagle (Zool.), a large and powerful eagle ({Aquila
Chrysa["e]tos}) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North
America. It is so called from the brownish yellow tips of
the feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety is
called the royal eagle; the young in the second year is
the ring-tailed eagle.
Golden fleece.
(a) (Mythol.) The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken
from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to
Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the
Argonautic expedition.
(b) (Her.) An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; -- called also
Toison d'Or.
Golden grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang]
Golden hair (Bot.), a South African shrubby composite plant
with golden yellow flowers, the Chrysocoma Coma-aurea.
Golden Horde (Hist.), a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who
overran and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th
century.
Golden Legend, a hagiology (the "Aurea Legenda") written by
James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th
century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and
partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus
entitled.
Golden marcasite tin. [Obs.]
Golden mean, the way of wisdom and safety between extremes;
sufficiency without excess; moderation.
[1913 Webster]
Angels guard him in the golden mean. --Pope.
Golden mole (Zool), one of several South African
Insectivora of the family Chrysochlorid[ae], resembling
moles in form and habits. The fur is tinted with green,
purple, and gold.
Golden number (Chronol.), a number showing the year of the
lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and
is so called from having formerly been written in the
calendar in gold.
Golden oriole. (Zool.) See Oriole.
Golden pheasant. See under Pheasant.
Golden pippin, a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color.
Golden plover (Zool.), one of several species of plovers,
of the genus Charadrius, esp. the European ({Charadrius
apricarius}, syn. Charadrius pluvialis; -- called also
yellow plover, black-breasted plover, hill plover,
and whistling plover. The common American species
(Charadrius dominicus) is also called frostbird, and
bullhead.
Golden robin. (Zool.) See Baltimore oriole, in Vocab.
Golden rose (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose blessed by
the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some
church or person in recognition of special services
rendered to the Holy See.
Golden rule.
(a) The rule of doing as we would have others do to us.
Cf. --Luke vi. 31.
(b) The rule of proportion, or rule of three.
Golden samphire (Bot.), a composite plant ({Inula
crithmoides}), found on the seashore of Europe.
Golden saxifrage (Bot.), a low herb with yellow flowers
(Chrysosplenium oppositifolium), blossoming in wet
places in early spring.
Golden seal (Bot.), a perennial ranunculaceous herb
(Hydrastis Canadensis), with a thick knotted rootstock
and large rounded leaves.
Golden sulphide of antimony, or {Golden sulphuret of
antimony} (Chem.), the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or
orange yellow powder.
Golden warbler (Zool.), a common American wood warbler
(Dendroica [ae]stiva); -- called also {blue-eyed yellow
warbler}, garden warbler, and summer yellow bird.
Golden wasp (Zool.), a bright-colored hymenopterous insect,
of the family Chrysidid[ae]. The colors are golden,
blue, and green.
Golden wedding. See under Wedding.
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hepar sulphuris
(gcide) | Hepar \He"par\, n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. ?.]
1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown
color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing
sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium),
and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called
also hepar sulphuris.
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2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance;
specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also
hepar sulphuris calcareum (?).
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Hepar antimonii(Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown
color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with
alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of
the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony.
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hepar sulphuris calcareum
(gcide) | Hepar \He"par\, n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. ?.]
1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown
color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing
sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium),
and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called
also hepar sulphuris.
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2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance;
specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also
hepar sulphuris calcareum (?).
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Hepar antimonii(Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown
color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with
alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of
the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony.
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Hydrosulphuret
(gcide) | Hydrosulphuret \Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret\, n. (Chem.)
A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]
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Hydrosulphureted
(gcide) | Hydrosulphureted \Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed\, a. (Chem.)
Combined with hydrogen sulphide.
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Hydrosulphuric
(gcide) | Hydrosulphuric \Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric\, a. [Hydro-, 2 + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as,
hydrosulphuric acid, a designation applied to the solution of
hydrogen sulphide in water.
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Hydrosulphurous
(gcide) | Hydrosulphurous \Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid,
under Hyposulphurous.
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hydrosulphurous acid
(gcide) | Hyposulphurous \Hy`po*sul"phur*ous\, a. [Pref. hypo- +
sulphurous.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a
low state of oxidation.
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Hyposulphurous acid.
(a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.]
(b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous
acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an
orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing
and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.
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Hyposulphuric
(gcide) | Hyposulphuric \Hy`po*sul*phur"ic\, a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of
oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric
acid.
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Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the
action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known
only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also
dithionic acid. See Dithionic.
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Hyposulphuric acid
(gcide) | Hyposulphuric \Hy`po*sul*phur"ic\, a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of
oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric
acid.
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Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the
action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known
only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also
dithionic acid. See Dithionic.
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Hyposulphurous
(gcide) | Hyposulphurous \Hy`po*sul"phur*ous\, a. [Pref. hypo- +
sulphurous.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a
low state of oxidation.
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Hyposulphurous acid.
(a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.]
(b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous
acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an
orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing
and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.
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Hyposulphurous acid
(gcide) | Hyposulphurous \Hy`po*sul"phur*ous\, a. [Pref. hypo- +
sulphurous.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a
low state of oxidation.
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Hyposulphurous acid.
(a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.]
(b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous
acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an
orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing
and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.
[1913 Webster]Thiosulphuric \Thi`o*sul*phur"ic\, a. [Thio- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an unstable acid,
H2S2O3, analogous to sulphuric acid, and formerly called
hyposulphurous acid.
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hyposulphurous acid
(gcide) | Hyposulphurous \Hy`po*sul"phur*ous\, a. [Pref. hypo- +
sulphurous.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a
low state of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
Hyposulphurous acid.
(a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.]
(b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous
acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an
orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing
and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.
[1913 Webster]Thiosulphuric \Thi`o*sul*phur"ic\, a. [Thio- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an unstable acid,
H2S2O3, analogous to sulphuric acid, and formerly called
hyposulphurous acid.
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Liver of sulphur
(gcide) | Liver \Liv"er\, n. [AS. lifer; akin to D. liver, G. leber, OHG.
lebara, Icel. lifr, Sw. lefver, and perh. to Gr. ? fat, E.
live, v.] (Anat.)
A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral
cavity of all vertebrates.
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Note: Most of the venous blood from the alimentary canal
passes through it on its way back to the heart; and it
secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways
changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is
situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly
on the right side. See Bile, Digestive, and
Glycogen. The liver of invertebrate animals is
usually made up of c[ae]cal tubes, and differs
materially, in form and function, from that of
vertebrates.
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Floating liver. See Wandering liver, under Wandering.
Liver of antimony, Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See
Hepar.
Liver brown, Liver color, the color of liver, a dark,
reddish brown.
Liver shark (Zool.), a very large shark ({Cetorhinus
maximus}), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe
and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in
length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has
small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured
for the sake of its liver, which often yields several
barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone,
by means of which it separates small animals from the sea
water. Called also basking shark, bone shark,
hoemother, homer, and sailfish; it is sometimes
referred to as whale shark, but that name is more
commonly used for the Rhincodon typus, which grows even
larger.
Liver spots, yellowish brown patches on the skin, or spots
of chloasma.
[1913 Webster]Sulphur \Sul"phur\, n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as
pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic
regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy
materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic
weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral
sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
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Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a
lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of
gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine
(as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be
obtained in two crystalline modifications, in
orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the
former of which is the more stable at ordinary
temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium
and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group,
or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
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2. (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange
butterflies of the subfamily Pierinae; as, the clouded
sulphur (Eurymus philodice syn. Colias philodice),
which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United
States.
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Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of
a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur
into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification.
Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar.
Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid.
Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan.
Sulphur auratum [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder,
consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a
famous nostrum.
Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of
acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts
according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic]
Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a
pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of
sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of
sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly {sulphurous
acid}.
Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals,
formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but
with sulphur in the place of oxygen.
Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt.
Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling
sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by
the wind to a great distance.
Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3,
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in
water with a hissing noise and the production of heat,
forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating
agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly
sulphuric acid.
Sulphur whale. (Zool.) See Sulphur-bottom.
Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under
Lycopodium.
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Monosulphuret
(gcide) | Monosulphuret \Mon`o*sul"phu*ret\, n. [Mono- + sulphuret.]
(Chem.)
See Monosulphide.
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Nordhausen sulphuric acid
(gcide) | Sulphuric \Sul*phu"ric\, a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.
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2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur;
specifically, designating those compounds in which the
element has a higher valence as contrasted with the
sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.
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Sulphuric acid.
(a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so
called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.]
(b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless
when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced
by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen
(from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks
and dissolves many metals and other intractable
substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and
is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric
acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also
powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity
for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood,
clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of
ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin.
It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron
scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and
in general its manufacture is the most important and
fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly
called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol,
and oil of vitriol.
Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See
Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric.
Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur.
Sulphuric ether, common anaesthetic ether; -- so called
because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on
alcohol. See Ether, 3
(a) .
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Oxysulphuret
(gcide) | Oxysulphuret \Ox`y*sul"phu*ret\, n. (Chem.)
An oxysulphide. [Obsolescent]
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persulphuret
(gcide) | Persulphide \Per*sul"phide\, n. (Chem.)
A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound
of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a persulphide; --
formerly called persulphuret.
[1913 Webster]Persulphuret \Per*sul"phu*ret\, n. (Chem.)
A persulphide. [Obs.]
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Persulphuret
(gcide) | Persulphide \Per*sul"phide\, n. (Chem.)
A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound
of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a persulphide; --
formerly called persulphuret.
[1913 Webster]Persulphuret \Per*sul"phu*ret\, n. (Chem.)
A persulphide. [Obs.]
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Polysulphuret
(gcide) | Polysulphuret \Pol`y*sul"phu*ret\, n. (Chem.)
A polysulphide. [Obsoles.]
[1913 Webster] Polysyllabic |
Protosulphuret
(gcide) | Protosulphuret \Pro`to*sul"phu*ret\, n. [Proto- + sulphuret.]
(Chem.)
A protosulphide. [Obs.]
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Pyrosulphuric
(gcide) | Pyrosulphuric \Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also
disulphuric acid) obtained by distillation of certain
sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7
resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of
indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.
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pyrosulphuric acid
(gcide) | Disulphuric \Di`sul*phu"ric\, a. [Pref. di- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Applied to an acid having in each molecule two atoms of
sulphur in the higher state of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
Disulphuric acid, a thick oily liquid, H2S2O7, called
also Nordhausen acid (from Nordhausen in the Harts,
where it was originally manufactured), {fuming sulphuric
acid}, and especially pyrosulphuric acid. See under
Pyrosulphuric.
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Ruby of sulphur
(gcide) | Ruby \Ru"by\, n.; pl. Rubies. [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL.
rubinus, robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber.
See Rouge, red.]
1. (Min.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes
verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and
hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of
corundum.
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Note: Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there
are the balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of
spinel, and the rock ruby, a red variety of garnet.
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Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white.
--Chaucer.
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2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint.
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The natural ruby of your cheeks. --Shak.
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3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence,
a red blain or carbuncle.
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4. (Print.) See Agate, n., 2. [Eng.]
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5. (Zool.) Any species of South American humming birds of the
genus Clytolaema. The males have a ruby-colored throat
or breast.
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Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy
substance of a red color and a variable composition, but
always consisting chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; --
called also ruby sulphur.
Ruby of zinc (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende
or sphalerite.
Ruby silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red.
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