| slovo | definícia |
toff
(encz) | toff,hejsek n: Zdeněk Brož |
Toff
(gcide) | Toff \Toff\, n. [Etym. uncertain.]
A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.] --Kipling.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] Toffee |
toff
(wn) | toff
n 1: informal term for an upper-class or wealthy person [syn:
toff, nob] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
castoff
(mass) | cast-off
- odhodený, vyhodený |
cutoff
(mass) | cutoff
- zastavenie |
blastoff
(encz) | blastoff,odpálení n: Zdeněk Brož |
castoff
(encz) | castoff, |
christoffel
(encz) | Christoffel, |
cutoff
(encz) | cutoff,odstřihnutí n: Zdeněk Brožcutoff,přerušení n: Zdeněk Brožcutoff,zastavení n: Zdeněk Brož |
cutoff date
(encz) | cutoff date, |
cutoff frequency
(encz) | cutoff frequency,zlomová frekvence [tech.] Frekvence, při které je útlum
amplitudové frekvenční charakteristiky většinou -3 dB v.martin |
liftoff
(encz) | liftoff,start rakety Zdeněk Brož |
putoff
(encz) | putoff, n: |
setoff
(encz) | setoff, n: |
shutoff
(encz) | shutoff,vypnutí n: Zdeněk Brož |
toffee
(encz) | toffee,karamela n: Zdeněk Brož |
toffee apple
(encz) | toffee apple, n: |
toffee-nosed
(encz) | toffee-nosed, adj: |
toffy
(encz) | toffy, |
Automatic cut-off
(gcide) | Expansion \Ex*pan"sion\, n. [L. expansio: cf. F. expansion.]
1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of
being expanded; dilation; enlargement.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as, the
expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was
formed of metal.
[1913 Webster]
The starred expansion of the skies. --Beattie.
[1913 Webster]
3. Space through which anything is expanded; also, pure
space.
[1913 Webster]
Lost in expansion, void and infinite. --Blackmore.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Economics & Commmerce) an increase in the production of
goods and services over time, and in the volume of
business transactions, generally associated with an
increase in employment and an increase in the money
supply. Opposite of contraction.
Syn: economic expansion. [1913 Webster +PJC]
5. (Math.) The developed result of an indicated operation;
as, the expansion of (a + b)^2 is a^2 + 2ab + b^2.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Steam Engine) The operation of steam in a cylinder after
its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by
which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving
piston.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Nav. Arch.) The enlargement of the ship mathematically
from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in
the process of construction. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Expansion is also used adjectively, as in expansion
joint, expansion gear, etc.
[1913 Webster]
8. an enlarged or extended version of something, such as a
writing or discourse; as, the journal article is an
expansion of the lecture she gave.
[PJC]
9. an expansion joint. See below. [Colloq. or jargon]
[PJC]
Expansion curve, a curve the co["o]rdinates of which show
the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding
gas or vapor; esp. (Steam engine), that part of an
indicator diagram which shows the declining pressure of
the steam as it expands in the cylinder.
Expansion gear (Steam Engine). a cut-off gear. See Illust.
of Link motion.
Automatic expansion gear or Automatic cut-off, one that
is regulated by the governor, and varies the supply of
steam to the engine with the demand for power.
Fixed expansion gear, or Fixed cut-off, one that always
operates at the same fixed point of the stroke.
Expansion joint, or Expansion coupling (Mech. & Engin.),
a yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a
machine or structure that expansion, as by heat, is
prevented from causing injurious strains; as:
(a) A slide or set of rollers, at the end of bridge truss,
to support it but allow end play.
(b) A telescopic joint in a steam pipe, to permit one part
of the pipe to slide within the other.
(c) A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler
while allowing lengthwise motion.
(d) a strip of compressible material placed at intervals
between blocks of poured concrete, as in roads or
sidewalks.
Expansion valve (Steam Engine), a cut-off valve, to shut
off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke.
[1913 Webster] |
blastoff
(gcide) | blastoff \blast"off`\ n.
the launching of a rocket, especially of a spacecraft, under
its own power.
Syn: rocket firing, rocket launching, shoot.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Cast-off
(gcide) | Cast-off \Cast"-off`\, a.
Cast or laid aside; thrown away; discarded; as, cast-off
clothes.
Syn: discarded, junked, scrap(prenominal), waste.
[1913 Webster] |
Cut-off
(gcide) | Cut-off \Cut"-off`\ (k[u^]t"[o^]f`; 115), n.
1. That which cuts off or shortens, as a nearer passage or
road.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Mach.)
(a) The valve gearing or mechanism by which steam is cut
off from entering the cylinder of a steam engine after
a definite point in a stroke, so as to allow the
remainder of the stroke to be made by the expansive
force of the steam already let in. See {Expansion
gear}, under Expansion.
(b) Any device for stopping or changing a current, as of
grain or water in a spout.
[1913 Webster] |
Fixed cut-off
(gcide) | Expansion \Ex*pan"sion\, n. [L. expansio: cf. F. expansion.]
1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of
being expanded; dilation; enlargement.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as, the
expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was
formed of metal.
[1913 Webster]
The starred expansion of the skies. --Beattie.
[1913 Webster]
3. Space through which anything is expanded; also, pure
space.
[1913 Webster]
Lost in expansion, void and infinite. --Blackmore.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Economics & Commmerce) an increase in the production of
goods and services over time, and in the volume of
business transactions, generally associated with an
increase in employment and an increase in the money
supply. Opposite of contraction.
Syn: economic expansion. [1913 Webster +PJC]
5. (Math.) The developed result of an indicated operation;
as, the expansion of (a + b)^2 is a^2 + 2ab + b^2.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Steam Engine) The operation of steam in a cylinder after
its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by
which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving
piston.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Nav. Arch.) The enlargement of the ship mathematically
from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in
the process of construction. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Expansion is also used adjectively, as in expansion
joint, expansion gear, etc.
[1913 Webster]
8. an enlarged or extended version of something, such as a
writing or discourse; as, the journal article is an
expansion of the lecture she gave.
[PJC]
9. an expansion joint. See below. [Colloq. or jargon]
[PJC]
Expansion curve, a curve the co["o]rdinates of which show
the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding
gas or vapor; esp. (Steam engine), that part of an
indicator diagram which shows the declining pressure of
the steam as it expands in the cylinder.
Expansion gear (Steam Engine). a cut-off gear. See Illust.
of Link motion.
Automatic expansion gear or Automatic cut-off, one that
is regulated by the governor, and varies the supply of
steam to the engine with the demand for power.
Fixed expansion gear, or Fixed cut-off, one that always
operates at the same fixed point of the stroke.
Expansion joint, or Expansion coupling (Mech. & Engin.),
a yielding joint or coupling for so uniting parts of a
machine or structure that expansion, as by heat, is
prevented from causing injurious strains; as:
(a) A slide or set of rollers, at the end of bridge truss,
to support it but allow end play.
(b) A telescopic joint in a steam pipe, to permit one part
of the pipe to slide within the other.
(c) A clamp for holding a locomotive frame to the boiler
while allowing lengthwise motion.
(d) a strip of compressible material placed at intervals
between blocks of poured concrete, as in roads or
sidewalks.
Expansion valve (Steam Engine), a cut-off valve, to shut
off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke.
[1913 Webster] |
Governor cut-off
(gcide) | Governor \Gov"ern*or\, n. [OE. governor, governour, OF.
governeor, F. gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler,
governor. See Govern.]
1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the
supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or
magistrate; as, the governor of Pennsylvania. "The
governor of the town." --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a
tutor; a guardian.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water
wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform
speed when the resistances and motive force are variable.
Note: The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used
for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding
on a rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the
engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by
the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to
which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being
attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of
the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle
valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion
produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs
too slowly and a less supply when too fast.
[1913 Webster]
Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in
which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the
steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points
of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed.
Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is operated by
the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.
[1913 Webster] |
Left-off
(gcide) | Left-off \Left"-off`\ (-[o^]f`; 115), a.
Laid aside; cast-off.
[1913 Webster] |
Let-off
(gcide) | Let-off \Let"-off`\ (l[e^]t"[o^]f`; 115), n. (Mach.)
A device for letting off, releasing, or giving forth, as the
warp from the cylinder of a loom.
[1913 Webster] |
liftoff
(gcide) | liftoff \liftoff\ n. (Rocketry)
the initial ascent of a rocket from its launching pad.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Postoffice order
(gcide) | Post \Post\, n. [F. poste, LL. posta station, post (where horses
were kept), properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L.
positus placed, p. p. of ponere. See Position, and cf.
Post a pillar.]
1. The place at which anything is stopped, placed, or fixed;
a station. Specifically:
(a) A station, or one of a series of stations, established
for the refreshment and accommodation of travelers on
some recognized route; as, a stage or railway post.
(b) A military station; the place at which a soldier or a
body of troops is stationed; also, the troops at such
a station.
(c) The piece of ground to which a sentinel's walk is
limited.
[1913 Webster]
2. A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially,
one who is employed by the government to carry letters and
parcels regularly from one place to another; a letter
carrier; a postman.
[1913 Webster]
In certain places there be always fresh posts, to
carry that further which is brought unto them by the
other. --Abp. Abbot.
[1913 Webster]
I fear my Julia would not deign my lines,
Receiving them from such a worthless post. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. An established conveyance for letters from one place or
station to another; especially, the governmental system in
any country for carrying and distributing letters and
parcels; the post office; the mail; hence, the carriage by
which the mail is transported.
[1913 Webster]
I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness,
which I should not care to hazard by the common
post. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
4. Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier.
[Obs.] "In post he came." --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
5. One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal
station. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then
called, post, for several years. --Palfrey.
[1913 Webster]
6. A station, office, or position of service, trust, or
emolument; as, the post of duty; the post of danger.
[1913 Webster]
The post of honor is a private station. --Addison.
[1913 Webster]
7. A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under
Paper.
[1913 Webster]
Post and pair, an old game at cards, in which each player a
hand of three cards. --B. Jonson.
Post bag, a mail bag.
Post bill, a bill of letters mailed by a postmaster.
Post chaise, or Post coach, a carriage usually with four
wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who travel post.
Post day, a day on which the mall arrives or departs.
Post hackney, a hired post horse. --Sir H. Wotton.
Post horn, a horn, or trumpet, carried and blown by a
carrier of the public mail, or by a coachman.
Post horse, a horse stationed, intended, or used for the
post.
Post hour, hour for posting letters. --Dickens.
Post office.
(a) An office under governmental superintendence, where
letters, papers, and other mailable matter, are
received and distributed; a place appointed for
attending to all business connected with the mail.
(b) The governmental system for forwarding mail matter.
Postoffice order. See Money order, under Money.
Post road, or Post route, a road or way over which the
mail is carried.
Post town.
(a) A town in which post horses are kept.
(b) A town in which a post office is established by law.
To ride post, to ride, as a carrier of dispatches, from
place to place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as little
delay as possible.
To travel post, to travel, as a post does, by relays of
horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh horses
are attached at each stopping place.
[1913 Webster] |
Put-off
(gcide) | Put-off \Put"-off`\ (?; 115), n.
A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an excuse.
--L'Estrange.
[1913 Webster] |
Set-off
(gcide) | Set-off \Set"-off`\, n. [Set + off.]
1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset.
[1913 Webster]
I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to
the many sins imputed to me as committed against
woman. --D. Jerrold.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything;
a decoration; an ornament.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) A counterclaim; a cross debt or demand; a distinct
claim filed or set up by the defendant against the
plaintiff's demand.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Set-off differs from recoupment, as the latter
generally grows out of the same matter or contract with
the plaintiff's claim, while the former grows out of
distinct matter, and does not of itself deny the
justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is sometimes
improperly used for the legal term set-off. See
Recoupment.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Arch.) Same as Offset, n., 4.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) See Offset, 7.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Set-off, Offset.
Usage: Offset originally denoted that which branches off or
projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has
long been used in America in the sense of set-off.
This use is beginning to obtain in England; though
Macaulay uses set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority
of English writers.
[1913 Webster]Offset \Off"set`\, n. [Off + set. Cf. Set-off.]
In general, that which is set off, from, before, or against,
something; as:
[1913 Webster]
1. (Bot.) A short prostrate shoot, which takes root and
produces a tuft of leaves, etc. See Illust. of
Houseleek.
[1913 Webster]
2. A sum, account, or value set off against another sum or
account, as an equivalent; hence, anything which is given
in exchange or retaliation; a set-off.
[1913 Webster]
3. A spur from a range of hills or mountains.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Arch.) A horizontal ledge on the face of a wall, formed
by a diminution of its thickness, or by the weathering or
upper surface of a part built out from it; -- called also
set-off.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Surv.) A short distance measured at right angles from a
line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary,
or to some object.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Mech.) An abrupt bend in an object, as a rod, by which
one part is turned aside out of line, but nearly parallel,
with the rest; the part thus bent aside.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Print.) A more or less distinct transfer of a printed
page or picture to the opposite page, when the pages are
pressed together before the ink is dry or when it is poor;
an unitended transfer of an image from one page to
another; called also setoff.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
8. See offset printing.
[PJC]
Offset staff (Surv.), a rod, usually ten links long, used
in measuring offsets.
[1913 Webster] |
set-off
(gcide) | Set-off \Set"-off`\, n. [Set + off.]
1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset.
[1913 Webster]
I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to
the many sins imputed to me as committed against
woman. --D. Jerrold.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything;
a decoration; an ornament.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) A counterclaim; a cross debt or demand; a distinct
claim filed or set up by the defendant against the
plaintiff's demand.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Set-off differs from recoupment, as the latter
generally grows out of the same matter or contract with
the plaintiff's claim, while the former grows out of
distinct matter, and does not of itself deny the
justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is sometimes
improperly used for the legal term set-off. See
Recoupment.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Arch.) Same as Offset, n., 4.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) See Offset, 7.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Set-off, Offset.
Usage: Offset originally denoted that which branches off or
projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has
long been used in America in the sense of set-off.
This use is beginning to obtain in England; though
Macaulay uses set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority
of English writers.
[1913 Webster]Offset \Off"set`\, n. [Off + set. Cf. Set-off.]
In general, that which is set off, from, before, or against,
something; as:
[1913 Webster]
1. (Bot.) A short prostrate shoot, which takes root and
produces a tuft of leaves, etc. See Illust. of
Houseleek.
[1913 Webster]
2. A sum, account, or value set off against another sum or
account, as an equivalent; hence, anything which is given
in exchange or retaliation; a set-off.
[1913 Webster]
3. A spur from a range of hills or mountains.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Arch.) A horizontal ledge on the face of a wall, formed
by a diminution of its thickness, or by the weathering or
upper surface of a part built out from it; -- called also
set-off.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Surv.) A short distance measured at right angles from a
line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary,
or to some object.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Mech.) An abrupt bend in an object, as a rod, by which
one part is turned aside out of line, but nearly parallel,
with the rest; the part thus bent aside.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Print.) A more or less distinct transfer of a printed
page or picture to the opposite page, when the pages are
pressed together before the ink is dry or when it is poor;
an unitended transfer of an image from one page to
another; called also setoff.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
8. See offset printing.
[PJC]
Offset staff (Surv.), a rod, usually ten links long, used
in measuring offsets.
[1913 Webster] |
setoff
(gcide) | Set-off \Set"-off`\, n. [Set + off.]
1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset.
[1913 Webster]
I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to
the many sins imputed to me as committed against
woman. --D. Jerrold.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything;
a decoration; an ornament.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) A counterclaim; a cross debt or demand; a distinct
claim filed or set up by the defendant against the
plaintiff's demand.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Set-off differs from recoupment, as the latter
generally grows out of the same matter or contract with
the plaintiff's claim, while the former grows out of
distinct matter, and does not of itself deny the
justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is sometimes
improperly used for the legal term set-off. See
Recoupment.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Arch.) Same as Offset, n., 4.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Print.) See Offset, 7.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Set-off, Offset.
Usage: Offset originally denoted that which branches off or
projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has
long been used in America in the sense of set-off.
This use is beginning to obtain in England; though
Macaulay uses set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority
of English writers.
[1913 Webster]Offset \Off"set`\, n. [Off + set. Cf. Set-off.]
In general, that which is set off, from, before, or against,
something; as:
[1913 Webster]
1. (Bot.) A short prostrate shoot, which takes root and
produces a tuft of leaves, etc. See Illust. of
Houseleek.
[1913 Webster]
2. A sum, account, or value set off against another sum or
account, as an equivalent; hence, anything which is given
in exchange or retaliation; a set-off.
[1913 Webster]
3. A spur from a range of hills or mountains.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Arch.) A horizontal ledge on the face of a wall, formed
by a diminution of its thickness, or by the weathering or
upper surface of a part built out from it; -- called also
set-off.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Surv.) A short distance measured at right angles from a
line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary,
or to some object.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Mech.) An abrupt bend in an object, as a rod, by which
one part is turned aside out of line, but nearly parallel,
with the rest; the part thus bent aside.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Print.) A more or less distinct transfer of a printed
page or picture to the opposite page, when the pages are
pressed together before the ink is dry or when it is poor;
an unitended transfer of an image from one page to
another; called also setoff.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
8. See offset printing.
[PJC]
Offset staff (Surv.), a rod, usually ten links long, used
in measuring offsets.
[1913 Webster] |
Toff
(gcide) | Toff \Toff\, n. [Etym. uncertain.]
A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.] --Kipling.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] Toffee |
Toffee
(gcide) | Toffee \Tof"fee\, Toffy \Tof"fy\, n.
Taffy. [Eng.]
[1913 Webster] Tofore |
toffy
(gcide) | Taffy \Taf"fy\, n. [Prov. E. taffy toffy.]
1. A kind of candy made of molasses or brown sugar boiled
down and poured out in shallow pans. [Written also, in
England, toffy.]
[1913 Webster]
2. Flattery; soft phrases. [Slang]
[1913 Webster]Toffee \Tof"fee\, Toffy \Tof"fy\, n.
Taffy. [Eng.]
[1913 Webster] Tofore |
Toffy
(gcide) | Taffy \Taf"fy\, n. [Prov. E. taffy toffy.]
1. A kind of candy made of molasses or brown sugar boiled
down and poured out in shallow pans. [Written also, in
England, toffy.]
[1913 Webster]
2. Flattery; soft phrases. [Slang]
[1913 Webster]Toffee \Tof"fee\, Toffy \Tof"fy\, n.
Taffy. [Eng.]
[1913 Webster] Tofore |
blastoff
(wn) | blastoff
n 1: the launching of a missile or spacecraft to a specified
destination [syn: blastoff, shot] |
cutoff
(wn) | cutoff
n 1: a designated limit beyond which something cannot function
or must be terminated
2: a route shorter than the usual one [syn: shortcut,
cutoff, crosscut]
3: a device that terminates the flow in a pipe |
cutoff saw
(wn) | cutoff saw
n 1: handsaw that cuts at right angles to the grain (or major
axis) [syn: crosscut saw, crosscut handsaw, {cutoff
saw}] |
liftoff
(wn) | liftoff
n 1: the initial ascent of a rocket from its launching pad |
putoff
(wn) | putoff
n 1: a pretext for delay or inaction |
setoff
(wn) | setoff
n 1: structure where a wall or building narrows abruptly [syn:
set-back, setoff, offset] |
toffee
(wn) | toffee
n 1: caramelized sugar cooled in thin sheets [syn: brittle,
toffee, toffy] |
toffee apple
(wn) | toffee apple
n 1: an apple that is covered with a candy-like substance
(usually caramelized sugar) [syn: candied apple, {candy
apple}, taffy apple, caramel apple, toffee apple] |
toffee-nosed
(wn) | toffee-nosed
adj 1: snobbish; pretentiously superior |
toffy
(wn) | toffy
n 1: caramelized sugar cooled in thin sheets [syn: brittle,
toffee, toffy] |
PATENT-OFFICE
(bouvier) | PATENT-OFFICE. An office bearing this name was established by law, and by
the act Of congress of July 4, 1836, which repeals all acts theretofore
passed in relation to patents, 4 Sharsw. cont. of Story's L. U. S. 2504, it
is provided, Sec. 1. That there shall be established and attached to the
department of state, an office to be denominated the patent office; the
chief officer of which shall be called the commissioner of patents, to be
appointed by the president, by and with the advice and consent of the
senate, whose duty it shall be, under the direction of the secretary of
state, to superintend, execute, and perform, all such acts and things
touching and respecting the granting and issuing of patents for new and
useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements, as are herein provided
for, or shall hereafter be, by law, directed to be done and performed, and
shall have the charge and custody of all the books, records, papers, models,
machines, and all other things belonging to said office. And said
commissioner, shall receive the same compensation as is allowed by law to
the commissioner of the Indian department, and shall be entitled to send and
receive letters and packages by mail, relating to the business of the
office, free of postage.
2.-Sec. 2. That there shall be in said office, an inferior officer,
to be appointed by the said principal officer, with the approval of the
secretary of state, to receive an annual salary of seventeen hundred
dollars, and to be called the chief clerk of the patent-office; who in all
cases during the necessary absence of, the commissioner, or when the said
'principal office shall become vacant, shall have the charge and custody of
the seal, and of the records, books, papers, machines, models, and all other
things belonging to the said office, and shall perform the duties of
commissioner during such vacancy. And the, said commissioner may also, with
like approval, Appoint an examining Clerk, at an annual salary of fifteen
hundred dollars; two other clerks at twelve hundred dollars each, one of
whom shall be a competent draughtsman; one other clerk at one thousand
dollars; a machinist at twelve hundred and fifty dollars; and a messenger at
seven hundred dollars. And said commissioner, clerks, and every other person
appointed and employed in said office, shall be disqualified, and
interdicted from acquiring or taking, except by inheritance, daring the,
period for which they shall hold their appointments, respectively, any right
or interest, directly or indirectly, in any patent for an invention or
discovery which has been, or may hereafter be granted.
3.-Sec. 3. That the said principal officer, and every other person to
be appointed in the said office, shall, before he enters upon the duties of
his office or appointment, make oath or affirmation, truly and faithfully to
execute the trust committed to him. And the said commissioner and the chief
clerk shall also, before entering upon their duties, severally give bond
with sureties to the treasurer of the United States, the former in the sum
of ten thousand dollars, and the latter, in the sum of five thousand
dollars, with condition to render a true and faithful account to him or his
successor in office, quarterly of all moneys which shall be by them
respectively received for duties on patents, and for copies of records, and
drawings, and all other moneys received by virtue of said office.
4.-Sec. 4. That the said commissioner shall cause a seal to be made
and provided for the said office, with such device as the president of the
United States shall approve, and copies of any records, books, papers, or
drawings, belonging to the said office, under the signature of the said
commissioner, or when the office shall be vacant, under the signature of the
chief clerk, with the said seal affixed, shall be competent evidence in all,
cases in which the original records, books, papers, or drawing, could be
evidence. And any person making application therefor, may have certified
copies of the records, drawings, and other papers deposited in said office,
on paying, for the written copies, the sum of ten cents for, every page of
one hundred words; and for copies of drawing, the reasonable expense of
making the same.
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SET-OFF
(bouvier) | SET-OFF, contracts, practice. Defalcation; (q.v.) a demand which a defendant
makes against the plaintiff in the suit for the purpose of liquidating the
whole or a part of his claim.
2. A set-off was unknown to the common law, according to which mutual
debts were distinct and inextinguishable except by actual payment or
release. 1 Rawle's R. 293; Babb. on Set-off, 1.
3. The statute 2 Geo. II., c. 22, which has been generally adopted in
the United States with some modifications however, allowed, in cases of
mutual debts, the defendant to set his debt against the other, either by
pleading it in bar, or giving it in evidence, when proper notice had been
given of such intention, under the general issue. The statute being made for
the benefit of the defendant, is not compulsory; 8 Watts, R. 39; the
defendant may Waive his right, and bring a cross action against the
plaintiff. 2 Campb. 594; 5 Taunt. 148; 9 Watts, R. 179
4. It seems, however, that in some cases of intestate estates, and of
insolvent estates, perhaps owing to the peculiar wording of the law, the
statute has been held to operate on the rights of the parties before action
brought, or an act done by either of them. 2 Rawle's R. 293; 3 Binn. Rep.
135; Bac. Ab. Bankrupt K.
5. Set-off takes place only in actions on contracts for the payment of
money, as assumpsit, debt and covenant. A set-off is not allowed in actions
arising ex delicto, as, upon the case, trespass, replevin or detinue. Bull.
N. P. 181.
6. The matters which may be set off, may be mutual liquidated debts or
damages, but unliquidated damages cannot be set off. 1 Black. R. 394; 2
John. 150; 8 Conn. 325; 1 McCord, 7; 3 Wend. 400; 1 Stew. & Port. 19; 2
Yeates, 208; 1 Sumn. 471; 2 Blackf. 31; 1 A. K. Marsh. 41; 6 Halst. 397; 5
Wash. C. C. 232 3 Bibb, 49; 2 Caines, 33. The statutes refer only to mutual
unconnected debts; for at common law, when the nature of the employment,
transaction or dealings necessarily constitute an account consisting of
receipts and payments, debts and credits, the balance only is considered to
be the debt, and therefore in an action, it is not necessary in such cases
either to plead or give notice of set-off. 4 Burr. 2221.
7. In general, when the government is plaintiff, no set-off will be
allowed. 9 Pet. 319; 4 Dall. 303. See 9 Cranch, 313; Paine, 156. But when an
act of congress authorizes such set-off, it may be made. 9 Cranch, 213.
8. Judgments in the same rights may be set off against each other at
the discretion of the court. 3 Bibb 233; 3 Watts 78; 3 Halst. 172; 4 Hamm.
90; 1 Stew. & Port. 24; 7 Mass. 140, 144; 8 Cowen 126. Vide Compensation;
also Montagu on Set-off; Babington on Set-off; 3 Stark. Ev. h.t.; Amer. Dig.
h.t.; Whart. Dig. h.t.; 3 Chit. Bl. Com. 304, n.; 1 Chit. Pl. Index, h.t.; 8
Vin. Ab. 556; Bac. Ab. h.t. 1 Sell. Pr. 321; 5 Com. Dig. 595; 6 Id. 335; 7
Id. 336; 8 Id. 927; Chit. Pr. Index, h.t.; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t. Vide
Factor.
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