| slovo | definícia |
admin
(mass) | admin
- administrátor |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
admin
(mass) | admin
- administrátor |
administer
(mass) | administer
- podať, viesť, poskytnúť |
administer justice
(mass) | administer justice
- súdiť |
administrate
(mass) | administrate
- viesť |
administrated
(mass) | administrated
- viedol |
administration
(mass) | administration
- administratíva |
administrative
(mass) | administrative
- správny |
administrator
(mass) | administrator
- správca |
broadminded
(mass) | broadminded
- tolerantný |
Abidjan administrative
(gcide) | Abidjan administrative \Abidjan (administrative)\ prop. n.
(Geography)
The capital city of Cote d'Ivoire. Population (2000) =
106,786.
[PJC] |
Adminicle
(gcide) | Adminicle \Ad*min"i*cle\, n. [L. adminculum support, orig., that
on which the hand rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending
-culym.]
1. Help or support; an auxiliary. --Grote.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Law) Corroborative or explanatory proof.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In Scots law, any writing tending to establish the
existence or terms of a lost deed. --Bell.
[1913 Webster] |
Adminicular
(gcide) | Adminicular \Ad`mi*nic"u*lar\, a.
Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory; as,
adminicular evidence. --H. Spencer.
[1913 Webster] |
Adminiculary
(gcide) | Adminiculary \Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry\, a.
Adminicular.
[1913 Webster] |
Administer
(gcide) | Administer \Ad*min"is*ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Administered;
p. pr. & vb. n. Administering.] [OE. aministren, OF.
aministrer, F. administer, fr. L. administrare; ad +
ministrare to serve. See Minister.]
1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or
superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; as,
to administer the government or the state.
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For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best administered is best. --Pope.
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2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to
administer relief, to administer the sacrament.
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[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial airs.
--Philips.
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Justice was administered with an exactness and
purity not before known. --Macaulay.
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3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or
something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a
reproof, etc.
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A noxious drug had been administered to him.
--Macaulay.
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4. To tender, as an oath.
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Swear . . . to keep the oath that we administer.
--Shak.
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5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a
will, or whose will fails of an executor.
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Syn: To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give
out; distribute; furnish.
[1913 Webster]Administer \Ad*min"is*ter\, v. i.
1. To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to
minister.
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A fountain . . . administers to the pleasure as well
as the plenty of the place. --Spectator.
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2. (Law) To perform the office of administrator; to act
officially; as, A administers upon the estate of B.
[1913 Webster]Administer \Ad*min"is*ter\, n.
Administrator. [Obs.] --Bacon.
[1913 Webster] |
Administered
(gcide) | Administer \Ad*min"is*ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Administered;
p. pr. & vb. n. Administering.] [OE. aministren, OF.
aministrer, F. administer, fr. L. administrare; ad +
ministrare to serve. See Minister.]
1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or
superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; as,
to administer the government or the state.
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For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best administered is best. --Pope.
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2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to
administer relief, to administer the sacrament.
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[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial airs.
--Philips.
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Justice was administered with an exactness and
purity not before known. --Macaulay.
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3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or
something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a
reproof, etc.
[1913 Webster]
A noxious drug had been administered to him.
--Macaulay.
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4. To tender, as an oath.
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Swear . . . to keep the oath that we administer.
--Shak.
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5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a
will, or whose will fails of an executor.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give
out; distribute; furnish.
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Administerial
(gcide) | Administerial \Ad*min`is*te"ri*al\, a.
Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of
government.
[1913 Webster] |
Administering
(gcide) | Administer \Ad*min"is*ter\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Administered;
p. pr. & vb. n. Administering.] [OE. aministren, OF.
aministrer, F. administer, fr. L. administrare; ad +
ministrare to serve. See Minister.]
1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or
superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; as,
to administer the government or the state.
[1913 Webster]
For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best administered is best. --Pope.
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2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to
administer relief, to administer the sacrament.
[1913 Webster]
[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial airs.
--Philips.
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Justice was administered with an exactness and
purity not before known. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or
something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a
reproof, etc.
[1913 Webster]
A noxious drug had been administered to him.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. To tender, as an oath.
[1913 Webster]
Swear . . . to keep the oath that we administer.
--Shak.
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5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a
will, or whose will fails of an executor.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give
out; distribute; furnish.
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Administrable
(gcide) | Administrable \Ad*min"is*tra*ble\, a.
Capable of being administered; as, an administrable law.
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Administrant
(gcide) | Administrant \Ad*min"is*trant\, a. [F., p. pr. of administrer.
See Administer.]
Executive; acting; managing affairs. -- n. One who
administers.
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Administrate
(gcide) | Administrate \Ad*min"is*trate\, v. t. [L. administratus, p. p.
of administrare.]
To administer. [R.] --Milman.
[1913 Webster] |
Administration
(gcide) | Administration \Ad*min`is*tra"tion\ (?; 277), n. [OE.
administracioun, L. administratio: cf. F. administration.]
1. The act of administering; government of public affairs;
the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting
affairs; the conducting of any office or employment;
direction; management.
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His financial administration was of a piece with his
military administration. --Macaulay.
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2. The executive part of government; the persons collectively
who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the
superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate
and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry,
alone, as in Great Britain.
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A mild and popular administration. --Macaulay.
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The administration has been opposed in parliament.
--Johnson.
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3. The act of administering, or tendering something to
another; dispensation; as, the administration of a
medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the sacrament.
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4. (Law)
(a) The management and disposal, under legal authority, of
the estate of an intestate, or of a testator having no
competent executor.
(b) The management of an estate of a deceased person by an
executor, the strictly corresponding term execution
not being in use.
[1913 Webster]
Administration with the will annexed, administration
granted where the testator has appointed no executor, or
where his appointment of an executor for any cause has
failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act, etc.
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Syn: Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution;
dispensation; distribution.
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administration charges
(gcide) | Overhead charges \O`ver*head" char"ges\, Overhead expenses
\O`ver*head" expenses\, etc. (Accounting)
Those general charges or expenses in any business which
cannot be charged up as belonging exclusively to any
particular part of the work or product, as where different
kinds of goods are made, or where there are different
departments in a business; -- called also fixed charges,
establishment charges, or (in a manufacturing business)
administration charges, selling charges, and
distribution charges, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Administration with the will annexed
(gcide) | Administration \Ad*min`is*tra"tion\ (?; 277), n. [OE.
administracioun, L. administratio: cf. F. administration.]
1. The act of administering; government of public affairs;
the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting
affairs; the conducting of any office or employment;
direction; management.
[1913 Webster]
His financial administration was of a piece with his
military administration. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. The executive part of government; the persons collectively
who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the
superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate
and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry,
alone, as in Great Britain.
[1913 Webster]
A mild and popular administration. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
The administration has been opposed in parliament.
--Johnson.
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3. The act of administering, or tendering something to
another; dispensation; as, the administration of a
medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the sacrament.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Law)
(a) The management and disposal, under legal authority, of
the estate of an intestate, or of a testator having no
competent executor.
(b) The management of an estate of a deceased person by an
executor, the strictly corresponding term execution
not being in use.
[1913 Webster]
Administration with the will annexed, administration
granted where the testator has appointed no executor, or
where his appointment of an executor for any cause has
failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution;
dispensation; distribution.
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Administrative
(gcide) | Administrative \Ad*min"is*tra`tive\
([a^]d*m[i^]n"[i^]s*tr[=a]`t[i^]v), a. [L. administrativus:
cf. F. administratif.]
Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; as,
an administrative body, ability, or energy. --
Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly, adv.
[1913 Webster] |
Administratively
(gcide) | Administrative \Ad*min"is*tra`tive\
([a^]d*m[i^]n"[i^]s*tr[=a]`t[i^]v), a. [L. administrativus:
cf. F. administratif.]
Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; as,
an administrative body, ability, or energy. --
Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly, adv.
[1913 Webster] |
Administrator
(gcide) | Administrator \Ad*min`is*tra"tor\, n. [L.]
1. One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages,
executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial,
political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Law) A man who manages or settles the estate of an
intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent
executor; one to whom the right of administration has been
committed by competent authority.
[1913 Webster] |
Administratorship
(gcide) | Administratorship \Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship\, n.
The position or office of an administrator.
[1913 Webster] |
Administratrix
(gcide) | Administratrix \Ad*min`is*tra"trix\, n. [NL.]
A woman who administers; esp., one who administers the estate
of an intestate, or to whom letters of administration have
been granted; a female administrator.
[1913 Webster] |
Ancillary administration
(gcide) | Ancillary administration \An"cil*la*ry ad*min`is*tra"tion\ (Law)
An administration subordinate to, and in aid of, the primary
or principal administration of an estate.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Badminton
(gcide) | Badminton \Bad"min*ton\, n. [From the name of the seat of the
Duke of Beaufort in England.]
1. A game, similar to lawn tennis, played with shuttlecocks.
[1913 Webster]
2. A preparation of claret, spiced and sweetened.
[1913 Webster] |
broad-minded
(gcide) | broad-minded \broad-minded\ adj.
1. incapable of being shocked. Opposite of shockable.
Syn: unshockable.
[WordNet 1.5]
2. inclined to respect views and beliefs that differ from
one's own. Opposite of narrow-minded. [Narrower terms:
free-thinking, latitudinarian, undogmatic, undogmatical]
Syn: broadminded, broad, liberal, tolerant, open-minded,
open.
[WordNet 1.5] |
broad-minded vs narrow-minded broadminded broad
(gcide) | open-minded \open-minded\ adj.
Ready to entertain new ideas. Contrasted with
closed-minded. [Narrower terms: {broad-minded (vs.
narrow-minded), broadminded, broad ]
Syn: open.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Epidermic administration of medicine
(gcide) | Epidermic \Ep`i*der"mic\, a. [Cf. F. ['e]pidermique.]
Epidermal; connected with the skin or the bark.
[1913 Webster]
Epidermic administration of medicine (Med.), the
application of medicine to the skin by friction.
[1913 Webster] |
Letters of administration
(gcide) | Letter \Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L.
littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing,
literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub
over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by
graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered
with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf.
Literal.]
1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound,
or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a
first element of written language.
[1913 Webster]
And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke
xxiii. 38.
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2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in
intelligible characters on something adapted to
conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle.
[1913 Webster]
The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and
natural. --Walsh.
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3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.]
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None could expound what this letter meant.
--Chaucer.
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4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact
signification or requirement.
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We must observe the letter of the law, without doing
violence to the reason of the law and the intention
of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor.
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I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.
--Tennyson.
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5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of
type.
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Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing
house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.
--Evelyn.
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6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent
at rates lower than the standard message rate in
consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to
priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams
are called by the Western Union Company day letters, or
night letters according to the time of sending, and by
The Postal Telegraph Company day lettergrams, or {night
lettergrams}.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop,
etc.
Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept.
Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed
or delivered.
Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman;
specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters
to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects
letters to be mailed.
Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches.
Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened,
unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a
part of it are in such a position (indicated by a
particular combination of the letters) as to permit the
bolt to be withdrawn.
[1913 Webster]
A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl.
Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a
size of paper intermediate between note paper and
foolscap. See Paper.
Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the
end, used in making the matrices for type.
Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an
administrator or administratrix is authorized to
administer the goods and estate of a deceased person.
Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under
Attorney, Credit, etc.
Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a
debtor's time for paying his debts.
Letters close or Letters clause (Eng. Law.), letters or
writs directed to particular persons for particular
purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; --
distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill.
Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and
sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has
regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon,
etc.
Letters patent, Letters overt, or Letters open (Eng.
Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and
authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy
some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England.
The common commercial patent is a derivative form of
such a right.
Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper
issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed
for transmission by mail without an envelope.
Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the
proper officer to an executor after probate of a will,
authorizing him to act as executor.
Letter writer.
(a) One who writes letters.
(b) A machine for copying letters.
(c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of
letters.
[1913 Webster] |
Maladministration
(gcide) | Maladministration \Mal`ad*min`is*tra"tion\, n. [Mal- +
administration.]
Bad administration; bad management of any business,
especially of public affairs. [Written also
maleadministration.]
[1913 Webster] |
Maleadministration
(gcide) | Maleadministration \Male`ad*min`is*tra"tion\
(m[a^]l`[a^]d*m[i^]n`[i^]s*tr[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
Maladministration.
[1913 Webster]Maladministration \Mal`ad*min`is*tra"tion\, n. [Mal- +
administration.]
Bad administration; bad management of any business,
especially of public affairs. [Written also
maleadministration.]
[1913 Webster] |
maleadministration
(gcide) | Maleadministration \Male`ad*min`is*tra"tion\
(m[a^]l`[a^]d*m[i^]n`[i^]s*tr[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
Maladministration.
[1913 Webster]Maladministration \Mal`ad*min`is*tra"tion\, n. [Mal- +
administration.]
Bad administration; bad management of any business,
especially of public affairs. [Written also
maleadministration.]
[1913 Webster] |
Preadministration
(gcide) | Preadministration \Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion\, n.
Previous administration. --Bp. Pearson.
[1913 Webster] |
Special administration
(gcide) | Special \Spe"cial\, a. [L. specialis, fr. species a particular
sort, kind, or quality: cf. F. sp['e]cial. See Species, and
cf. Especial.]
1. Of or pertaining to a species; constituting a species or
sort.
[1913 Webster]
A special is called by the schools a "species". --I.
Watts.
[1913 Webster]
2. Particular; peculiar; different from others;
extraordinary; uncommon.
[1913 Webster]
Our Savior is represented everywhere in Scripture as
the special patron of the poor and the afficted.
--Atterbury.
[1913 Webster]
To this special evil an improvement of style would
apply a special redress. --De Quincey.
[1913 Webster]
3. Appropriate; designed for a particular purpose, occasion,
or person; as, a special act of Parliament or of Congress;
a special sermon.
[1913 Webster]
4. Limited in range; confined to a definite field of action,
investigation, or discussion; as, a special dictionary of
commercial terms; a special branch of study.
[1913 Webster]
5. Chief in excellence. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The king hath drawn
The special head of all the land together. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Special administration (Law), an administration limited to
certain specified effects or acts, or one granted during a
particular time or the existence of a special cause, as
during a controversy respecting the probate of a will, or
the right of administration, etc.
Special agency, an agency confined to some particular
matter.
Special bail, Bail above, or Bail to the action (Law),
sureties who undertake that, if the defendant is
convicted, he shall satisfy the plaintiff, or surrender
himself into custody. --Tomlins. --Wharton (Law Dict.).
Special constable. See under Constable. --Bouvier.
Special damage (Law), a damage resulting from the act
complained of, as a natural, but not the necessary,
consequence of it.
Special demurrer (Law), a demurrer for some defect of form
in the opposite party pleading, in which the cause of
demurrer is particularly stated.
Special deposit, a deposit made of a specific thing to be
kept distinct from others.
Special homology. (Biol.) See under Homology.
Special injuction (Law), an injuction granted on special
grounds, arising of the circumstances of the case.
--Daniell.
Special issue (Law), an issue produced upon a special plea.
--Stephen.
Special jury (Law), a jury consisting of persons of some
particular calling, station, or qualification, which is
called upon motion of either party when the cause is
supposed to require it; a struck jury.
Special orders (Mil.), orders which do not concern, and are
not published to, the whole command, such as those
relating to the movement of a particular corps, a detail,
a temporary camp, etc.
Special partner, a limited partner; a partner with a
limited or restricted responsibility; -- unknown at common
law.
Special partnership, a limited or particular partnership;
-- a term sometimes applied to a partnership in a
particular business, operation, or adventure.
Special plea in bar (Law), a plea setting forth particular
and new matter, distinguished from the general issue.
--Bouvier.
Special pleader (Law), originally, a counsel who devoted
himself to drawing special counts and pleas; in a wider
sense, a lawyer who draws pleadings.
Special pleading (Law), the allegation of special or new
matter, as distingiushed from a direct denial of matter
previously alleged on the side. --Bouvier. The popular
denomination of the whole science of pleading. --Stephen.
The phrase is sometimes popularly applied to the specious,
but unsound, argumentation of one whose aim is victory,
and not truth. --Burrill.
Special property (Law), a qualified or limited ownership
possession, as in wild animals, things found or bailed.
Special session, an extraordinary session; a session at an
unusual time or for an unusual purpose; as, a special
session of Congress or of a legislature.
Special statute, or Special law, an act of the
legislature which has reference to a particular person,
place, or interest; a private law; -- in distinction
from a general law or public law.
Special verdict (Law), a special finding of the facts of
the case, leaving to the court the application of the law
to them. --Wharton (Law Dict.).
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Peculiar; appropriate; specific; dictinctive;
particular; exceptional; singular. See Peculiar.
[1913 Webster] |
administration
(devil) | ADMINISTRATION, n. An ingenious abstraction in politics, designed to
receive the kicks and cuffs due to the premier or president. A man of
straw, proof against bad-egging and dead-catting.
|
ADMINICLE
(bouvier) | ADMINICLE 1. A term, in the Scotch and French law, for any writing or deed
referred to by a party, in an action at law, for proving his allegations. 2.
An ancient term for aid or support. 3. A term in the civil, law for
imperfect proof. Tech. Dict. h.t.; Merl. Repert. mot Adminicule.
|
ADMINICULAR EVIDENCE
(bouvier) | ADMINICULAR EVIDENCE, eccl. law. This term is used in the ecclesiastical law
to signify evidence, which is brought to explain or complete other evidence.
2 Lee, Eccle.R. 595.
|
ADMINISTRATION
(bouvier) | ADMINISTRATION, trusts. The management of the estate of an intestate, a
minor, a lunatic, an habitual drunkard, or other person who is incapable of
managing his own affairs, entrusted to an administrator or other trustee by
authority of law. In a more confined sense, and in which it will be used in
this article, administration is the management of an intestate's estate, or
of the estate of a testator who, at the time administration was granted, had
no executor.
2. Administration is granted by a public officer duly authorized to
delegate the trust; he is sometimes called surrogate, judge of probate,
register of wills and for granting letters of administration. It is to be
granted to such persons as the statutory provisions of the several states
direct. In general the right of administration belongs to him who" has the
right to the venue of the personalty: as if A make his will, and appoint B
his executor, who dies intestate, and C is the legatee of the residue of A's
estate, C has the right of administration cum testamento annexo. 2 Strange,
956; 12 Mod. 437, 306; 1 Jones, 225; 1 Croke. 201; 2 Leo. 55; 1 Vent. 217.
3. There are several kinds of administrations, besides the usual kind
which gives to the administrator the management of all the personal estate
of the deceased for an unlimited time. Administration durante minore oetate,
administration durante absentia, administration pendente lite,
administration de bonis non, administration cum testamento annexo.
ADMINISTRATION, government. The management of the affairs of the government;
this word is also applied to the persons entrusted with the management of
the public affairs.
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ADMINISTRATOR
(bouvier) | ADMINISTRATOR, trusts. An administrator is a person lawfully appointed,
with his assent, by an officer having jurisdiction, to manage and settle the
estate of a deceased person who has left no executor, or one who is for the
time incompetent or unable to act.
2. It will be proper to consider, first, his rights; secondly, his
duties.; thirdly, the number of administrators, and their joint and several
powers; fourthly, the several kinds of administrators.
3.-1. By the grant of the letters, of administration, the
administrator is vested with full and ample power, unless restrained to some
special administration, to take possession of all the personal estate of the
deceased and to sell it; to collect the debts due to him; and to represent
him in all matters which relate to his chattels real or personal. He is
authorized to pay the debts of the, intestate in the order dire ted by law;
and, in the United States, he is generally entitled to a just compensation,
which is allowed him as commissions on the amount which passes through his
hands.
4.-2. He is bound to use due diligence in the management of the
estate; and he is generally on his appointment required to give security
that he will do so; he is responsible for any waste which. may happen for
his default. See Devastavit.
5. Administrators are authorized to bring and defend actions. They sue
and are sued in their own names; as, A B, administrator of C D, v. E F; or E
F v. A B, administrator of C D.
6.-3. As to the number of administrators. There may be one or more.
When there are several they must, in general, act together in bringing
suits, and they must all be sued ; but, like executors, the acts of each,
which relate to the delivery, gift, sale, payment, possession. or release of
the intestate's goods, are considered as of equal validity as the acts of
all, for they have a joint power and authority over the whole. Bac. Ab.
Executor, C 4; 11 Vin. Ab. 358; Com. Dig. Administration, B 12; 1 Dane's Ab.
383; 2 Litt. R. 315. On the death of one of several joint administrators,
the whole authority is vested in the survivors.
7.-4. Administrators are general, or those who have right to
administer the whole estate of the intestate; or special, that is, those who
administer it in part, or for a limited time.
8.-1. General administrators are of two kinds, namely: first, when
the grant of administration is unlimited, and the administrator is required
to administer the whole estate, under the intestate laws, secondly, when the
grant is made with the annexation of the will, which is the guide to the
administrator to administer and distribute the estate. This latter
administration is granted when the deceased has made a will, and either he
has not appointed an executor, or having appointed one he refuses to serve,
or dies, or is incompetent to act; this last kind is called an administrator
cum testamento annexo. 1 Will. on Wills, 309.
9.-2. Special administrators are of two kinds; first, when the
administration is limited to part of the estate, as for example, when the
former administrator has died, leaving a part of the estate unadministered,
an administrator is appointed to administer the remainder, and he is called
an administrator de bonis non. He has all the powers of a common
administrator. Bac. Ab. Executors, B 1; Sw. 396; Roll. Ab. 907; 6 Sm. &
Marsh. 323. When an executor dies leaving a part of the estate
unadministered, the administrator appointed to complete the execution of the
win is called an administrator de bonis non, cum testamento annexo. Com.
Dig. Administrator, B 1. Secondly, When the authority of the administrator
is limited as to time. Administrators of this kind are, 1. An administrator
durante minore oetate. This administrator is appointed to act as such during
the minority of an infant executor, until the latter shall, attain his
lawful age to act. Godolph. 102; 5 Co. 29. His powers extend to administer
the estate so far as to collect the same, sell a sufficiency of the personal
property to pay the debts, sell bona peritura, and perform such other acts
as require immediate attention. He may sue and be sued. Bac. Ab. Executor, B
1 ; Roll. Ab. 110; Cro. Eliz. 718. The powers of such an administrator
cease, as soon as the infant executor attains the age at which the law
authorizes him to act for himself, which, at common law, is seventeen years,
but by statutory provision in several states twenty-one years.
10.-2. An administrator durante absentia, is one who is appointed to
administer the estate during the absence of the executor, before he has
proved the will. The powers of this administrator continue until the return
of the executor, and. then his powers cease upon the probate of the will by
the executor. 4 Hagg. 860. In England it has been holden, that the death of
the executor abroad does not determine the authority of the administrator
durante absentia. 3 Bos. & Pull. 26.
11.-3. An administrator pendente lite. Administration pendente lite
may be granted pending the controversy respecting an alleged will and it has
been granted pending a contest as to, the right to administration. 2 P. Wms.
589; 2 Atk. 286; 2 Cas. temp. Lee, 258. The administrator pendente lite is
merely an officer of the court, and holds the property only till the suit
terminates. 1 Hagg. 313. He may maintain suits, 1 Ves. sen. 325; 2 Ves. & B.
97; 1 Ball & B. 192; though his power does not extend to the distribution of
the assets. 1 Ball & B. 192.
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ADMINISTRATRI
(bouvier) | ADMINISTRATRIX. This term is applied to a woman to whom letters of
administration have been granted. See Administrator.
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CO-ADMINISTRATOR
(bouvier) | CO-ADMINISTRATOR. One of several administrators. In general, they have,
like executors, the power to act singly to the personal estate of the
intestate. Vide Administrator.
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PLENE ADMINISTRAVIT
(bouvier) | PLENE ADMINISTRAVIT, pleading. A plea in bar entered by an executor or
administrator by which he affirms that he had not in his possession at the
time of the commencement of the suit, nor has had at any time since any
goods of the deceased to be administered; when the plaintiff replies that
the defendant had goods, &c., in his possession at that time, and the
parties join issue, the burden of the proof will be on the plaintiff. Vide
15 John. R. 323; 6 T. R. 10; 1 Barn. & Ald. 254; 11 Vin. Ab. 349; 12 Vin.
Ab. 185; 2 Phil. Ev. 295; 3 Saund. (a) 315, n. 1; 6 Com. Dig. 311.
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PLENE ADMINISTRAVIT PRAETER
(bouvier) | PLENE ADMINISTRAVIT PRAETER. This is the usual plea of plene administravit,
except that the defendant admits a certain amount of assets in his hands.
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TO ADMINISTER
(bouvier) | TO ADMINISTER, ADMINISTERING. The stat. 9 G. IV. c. 31, S. 11, enacts "that
if any person unlawfully and maliciously shall administer, or attempt to
administer to any person, or shall cause to be taken by any person any
poison or other destructive things," &c. every such offender, &c. In a case
which arose under this statute, it was decided that to constitute the act of
administering the poison, it was not absolutely necessary there should have
been a delivery to the party poisoned, but that if she took it from a place
where it had been put for her by the defendant, and any part of it went into
her stomach, it was an administering. 4 Carr. & Payne, 369; S. C. 19 E. C.
L. R. 423; 1 Moody's C. C. 114; Carr. Crim. L. 23. Vide Attempt to Persuade.
TO ADMINISTER, trusts. To do some act in relation to an estate, such as none
but the owner, or some one authorized by him or by the law, in case of his
decease, could legally do. 1 Harr. Cond. Lo. R. 666.
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