| slovo | definícia |
animal
(mass) | animal
- zvierací |
animal
(encz) | animal,animální adj: Zdeněk Brož |
animal
(encz) | animal,zvíře n: |
animal
(encz) | animal,zvířecí adj: Zdeněk Brož |
animal
(encz) | animal,živočich n: |
animal
(encz) | animal,živočišný adj: |
Animal
(gcide) | Animal \An"i*mal\, n. [L., fr. anima breath, soul: cf. F.
animal. See Animate.]
1. An organized living being endowed with sensation and the
power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by
taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for
digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking
oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in
motive power or active aggressive force with progress to
maturity.
[1913 Webster]
2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as
distinguished from man; as, men and animals.
[1913 Webster] |
Animal
(gcide) | Animal \An"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
[1913 Webster]
2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
[1913 Webster]
3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
[1913 Webster]
Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zool.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time:
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or
Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes,
Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa,
including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and
Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera,
Ch[ae]tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina,
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. |
animal
(wn) | animal
adj 1: marked by the appetites and passions of the body; "animal
instincts"; "carnal knowledge"; "fleshly desire"; "a
sensual delight in eating"; "music is the only sensual
pleasure without vice" [syn: animal(a), carnal,
fleshly, sensual]
n 1: a living organism characterized by voluntary movement [syn:
animal, animate being, beast, brute, creature,
fauna] |
ANIMAL
(bouvier) | ANIMAL, property. A name given to every animated being endowed with the
power of voluntary motion. In law, it signifies all animals except those of
the him, in species.
2. Animals are distinguished into such as are domitae, and such as are
ferae naturae.
3. It is laid down, that in tame or domestic animals, such as horse,
swine, sheep, poultry, and the like, a man may have an absolute property,
because they continue perpetually in his possession and occupation, and will
not stray from his house and person unless by accident or fraudulent
enticement, in either of which cases the owner does not lose his property. 2
Bl. Com. 390; 2 Mod. 319. 1.
4. But in animals ferae naturae, a man can have no absolute property;
they belong to him only while they continue in his keeping or actual
possession; for if at any they regain their natural liberty, his property
instantly ceases, unless they have animum revertendi, which is only to be
known by their usual habit of returning. 2 Bl. Com. 396; 3 Binn. 546; Bro.
Ab. Propertie, 37; Com. Dig. Biens, F; 7 Co. 17 b; 1 Ch. Pr. 87; Inst. 2, 1,
15. See also 3 Caines' Rep. 175; Coop. Justin. 457, 458; 7 Johns. Rep. 16;
Bro. Ab. Detinue, 44.
5. The owner of a mischievous animal, known to him to be so, is
responsible, when he permits him to go at large, for the damages he may do.
2 Esp. Cas. 482; 4 Campb. 198; 1 Starkie's Cas. 285; 1 Holt, 617; 2
Str.1264; Lord Raym. 110; B. N. P. 77; 1 B. & A. 620; 2 C. M.& R. 496; 5 C.&
P. 1; S. C. 24 E. C. L. R. 187. This principle agrees with the civil law.
Domat, Lois Civ. liv. 2, t. 8, s. 2. And any person may justify the killing
of such ferocious animals. 9 Johns. 233; 10. Johns. 365; 13 Johns. 312. The
owner, of such an animal may be indicted for a common nuisance. 1 Russ. Ch.
Cr. Law, 643; Burn's Just., Nuisance, 1.
6. In Louisiana, the owner of an animal is answerable for the damage he
may cause; but if the animal be lost, or has strayed more than a day, he may
discharge himself from this responsibility, by abandoning him to the person
who has sustained the injury; except where the master turns loose a
dangerous or noxious animal; for then he must pay all the harm done, without
being allowed to make the abandonment. Civ. Code, art. 2301. See Bouv. Inst.
Index, h.t.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
animal
(mass) | animal
- zvierací |
animals hair
(mass) | animal
- zvierací |
animal
(encz) | animal,animální adj: Zdeněk Brožanimal,zvíře n: animal,zvířecí adj: Zdeněk Brožanimal,živočich n: animal,živočišný adj: |
animal experiments
(encz) | animal experiments,pokusy na zvířatech Rostislav Svoboda |
animal glue
(encz) | animal glue,klih n: mykhal |
animal mouth
(encz) | animal mouth,huba |
animal rights
(encz) | animal rights,zvířecí práva |
animal room
(encz) | animal room,zvěřinec n: [bio.] mamm |
animalism
(encz) | animalism,animálnost n: Zdeněk Brož |
animality
(encz) | animality,vitalita n: Zdeněk Brožanimality,živočišnost n: Zdeněk Brož |
animalize
(encz) | animalize,proměnit ve zvíře Zdeněk Brož |
animals
(encz) | animals,zvěř n: Zdeněk Brožanimals,zvířata n: pl. animals,zvířátka web |
animal´s hair
(encz) | animal´s hair,srst |
bait animals
(encz) | bait animals,štvát zvěř Rostislav Svoboda |
breeding and draught animals
(encz) | breeding and draught animals,základní stádo a tažná
zvířata [ekon.] rozvaha/balance sheet Ivan Masár |
caprine animal
(encz) | caprine animal, n: |
dead animal
(encz) | dead animal, n: |
domestic animal
(encz) | domestic animal, n: |
draft animal
(encz) | draft animal, n: |
farm animal
(encz) | farm animal, n: |
fictional animal
(encz) | fictional animal, n: |
gnawing animal
(encz) | gnawing animal, n: |
kingdom animalia
(encz) | kingdom Animalia, n: |
marine animal
(encz) | marine animal, n: |
moss animal
(encz) | moss animal, n: |
pack animal
(encz) | pack animal,soumar Petr Prášek |
predatory animal
(encz) | predatory animal, n: |
range animal
(encz) | range animal, n: |
range of animals
(encz) | range of animals,dosah živočichů [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
rspca-the royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals
(encz) | RSPCA-The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals,Královská společnost na ochranu zvířat [zkr.] lukeon |
sea animal
(encz) | sea animal, n: |
stud animal
(encz) | stud animal,chovné zvíře n: nekastrovaný samec Pino |
work animal
(encz) | work animal, n: |
animal charcoal
(gcide) | Bone \Bone\ (b[=o]n; 110), n. [OE. bon, ban, AS. b[=a]n; akin to
Icel. bein, Sw. ben, Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf.
Icel. beinn straight.]
1. (Anat.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of
vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcium
carbonate, calcium phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and
bone.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute
cavities containing living matter and connected by
minute canals, some of which connect with larger canals
through which blood vessels ramify.
[1913 Webster]
2. One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a
rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any
fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of
the body.
[1913 Webster]
3. Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
[1913 Webster]
4. pl. Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers
and struck together to make a kind of music.
[1913 Webster]
5. pl. Dice.
[1913 Webster]
6. Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a
corset.
[1913 Webster]
7. Fig.: The framework of anything.
[1913 Webster]
A bone of contention, a subject of contention or dispute.
A bone to pick, something to investigate, or to busy one's
self about; a dispute to be settled (with some one).
Bone ash, the residue from calcined bones; -- used for
making cupels, and for cleaning jewelry.
Bone black (Chem.), the black, carbonaceous substance into
which bones are converted by calcination in close vessels;
-- called also animal charcoal. It is used as a
decolorizing material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc.,
and as a black pigment. See Ivory black, under Black.
Bone cave, a cave in which are found bones of extinct or
recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and bones
of man. --Am. Cyc.
Bone dust, ground or pulverized bones, used as a
fertilizer.
Bone earth (Chem.), the earthy residuum after the
calcination of bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of
calcium.
Bone lace, a lace made of linen thread, so called because
woven with bobbins of bone.
Bone oil, an oil obtained by heating bones (as in the
manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing
the nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their
derivatives; -- also called Dippel's oil.
Bone setter. Same as Bonesetter. See in the Vocabulary.
Bone shark (Zool.), the basking shark.
Bone spavin. See under Spavin.
Bone turquoise, fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue
color, sometimes used as an imitation of true turquoise.
Bone whale (Zool.), a right whale.
To be upon the bones of, to attack. [Obs.]
To make no bones, to make no scruple; not to hesitate.
[Low]
To pick a bone with, to quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over
a bone; to settle a disagreement. [Colloq.]
[1913 Webster]Charcoal \Char"coal`\, n. [See Char, v. t., to burn or to
reduce to coal, and Coal.]
1. Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal
substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln,
retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for
fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical
processes.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used
as a drawing implement.
[1913 Webster]
Animal charcoal, a fine charcoal prepared by calcining
bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent in
sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant.
Charcoal blacks, the black pigment, consisting of burnt
ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.
Charcoal drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with charcoal.
See Charcoal, 2. Until within a few years this material
has been used almost exclusively for preliminary outline,
etc., but at present many finished drawings are made with
it.
Charcoal point, a carbon pencil prepared for use in an
electric light apparatus.
Mineral charcoal, a term applied to silky fibrous layers of
charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary bituminous
coal; -- known to miners as mother of coal.
[1913 Webster] charcoal-gray |
Animal charcoal
(gcide) | Bone \Bone\ (b[=o]n; 110), n. [OE. bon, ban, AS. b[=a]n; akin to
Icel. bein, Sw. ben, Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf.
Icel. beinn straight.]
1. (Anat.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of
vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcium
carbonate, calcium phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and
bone.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute
cavities containing living matter and connected by
minute canals, some of which connect with larger canals
through which blood vessels ramify.
[1913 Webster]
2. One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a
rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any
fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of
the body.
[1913 Webster]
3. Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
[1913 Webster]
4. pl. Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers
and struck together to make a kind of music.
[1913 Webster]
5. pl. Dice.
[1913 Webster]
6. Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a
corset.
[1913 Webster]
7. Fig.: The framework of anything.
[1913 Webster]
A bone of contention, a subject of contention or dispute.
A bone to pick, something to investigate, or to busy one's
self about; a dispute to be settled (with some one).
Bone ash, the residue from calcined bones; -- used for
making cupels, and for cleaning jewelry.
Bone black (Chem.), the black, carbonaceous substance into
which bones are converted by calcination in close vessels;
-- called also animal charcoal. It is used as a
decolorizing material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc.,
and as a black pigment. See Ivory black, under Black.
Bone cave, a cave in which are found bones of extinct or
recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and bones
of man. --Am. Cyc.
Bone dust, ground or pulverized bones, used as a
fertilizer.
Bone earth (Chem.), the earthy residuum after the
calcination of bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of
calcium.
Bone lace, a lace made of linen thread, so called because
woven with bobbins of bone.
Bone oil, an oil obtained by heating bones (as in the
manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing
the nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their
derivatives; -- also called Dippel's oil.
Bone setter. Same as Bonesetter. See in the Vocabulary.
Bone shark (Zool.), the basking shark.
Bone spavin. See under Spavin.
Bone turquoise, fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue
color, sometimes used as an imitation of true turquoise.
Bone whale (Zool.), a right whale.
To be upon the bones of, to attack. [Obs.]
To make no bones, to make no scruple; not to hesitate.
[Low]
To pick a bone with, to quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over
a bone; to settle a disagreement. [Colloq.]
[1913 Webster]Charcoal \Char"coal`\, n. [See Char, v. t., to burn or to
reduce to coal, and Coal.]
1. Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal
substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln,
retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for
fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical
processes.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used
as a drawing implement.
[1913 Webster]
Animal charcoal, a fine charcoal prepared by calcining
bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent in
sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant.
Charcoal blacks, the black pigment, consisting of burnt
ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.
Charcoal drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with charcoal.
See Charcoal, 2. Until within a few years this material
has been used almost exclusively for preliminary outline,
etc., but at present many finished drawings are made with
it.
Charcoal point, a carbon pencil prepared for use in an
electric light apparatus.
Mineral charcoal, a term applied to silky fibrous layers of
charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary bituminous
coal; -- known to miners as mother of coal.
[1913 Webster] charcoal-gray |
Animal electricity
(gcide) | Animal \An"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
[1913 Webster]
2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
[1913 Webster]
3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
[1913 Webster]
Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zool.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time:
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or
Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes,
Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa,
including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and
Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera,
Ch[ae]tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina,
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. |
Animal flower
(gcide) | Flower \Flow"er\ (flou"[~e]r), n. [OE. flour, OF. flour, flur,
flor, F. fleur, fr. L. flos, floris. Cf. Blossom,
Effloresce, Floret, Florid, Florin, Flour,
Flourish.]
1. In the popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant; the
showy portion, usually of a different color, shape, and
texture from the foliage.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Bot.) That part of a plant destined to produce seed, and
hence including one or both of the sexual organs; an organ
or combination of the organs of reproduction, whether
inclosed by a circle of foliar parts or not. A complete
flower consists of two essential parts, the stamens and
the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and
callyx. In mosses the flowers consist of a few special
leaves surrounding or subtending organs called archegonia.
See Blossom, and Corolla.
[1913 Webster]
Note: If we examine a common flower, such for instance as a
geranium, we shall find that it consists of: First, an
outer envelope or calyx, sometimes tubular, sometimes
consisting of separate leaves called sepals; secondly,
an inner envelope or corolla, which is generally more
or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is
sometimes tubular, sometimes composed of separate
leaves called petals; thirdly, one or more stamens,
consisting of a stalk or filament and a head or anther,
in which the pollen is produced; and fourthly, a
pistil, which is situated in the center of the flower,
and consists generally of three principal parts; one or
more compartments at the base, each containing one or
more seeds; the stalk or style; and the stigma, which
in many familiar instances forms a small head, at the
top of the style or ovary, and to which the pollen must
find its way in order to fertilize the flower. --Sir J.
Lubbock.
[1913 Webster]
3. The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of anything; as,
the flower of an army, or of a family; the state or time
of freshness and bloom; as, the flower of life, that is,
youth.
[1913 Webster]
The choice and flower of all things profitable the
Psalms do more briefly contain. --Hooker.
[1913 Webster]
The flower of the chivalry of all Spain. --Southey.
[1913 Webster]
A simple maiden in her flower
Is worth a hundred coats of arms. --Tennyson.
[1913 Webster]
4. Grain pulverized; meal; flour. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The flowers of grains, mixed with water, will make a
sort of glue. --Arbuthnot.
[1913 Webster]
5. pl. (Old Chem.) A substance in the form of a powder,
especially when condensed from sublimation; as, the
flowers of sulphur.
[1913 Webster]
6. A figure of speech; an ornament of style.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. (Print.) Ornamental type used chiefly for borders
around pages, cards, etc. --W. Savage.
[1913 Webster]
8. pl. Menstrual discharges. --Lev. xv. 24.
[1913 Webster]
Animal flower (Zool.) See under Animal.
Cut flowers, flowers cut from the stalk, as for making a
bouquet.
Flower bed, a plat in a garden for the cultivation of
flowers.
Flower beetle (Zool.), any beetle which feeds upon flowers,
esp. any one of numerous small species of the genus
Meligethes, family Nitidulid[ae], some of which are
injurious to crops.
Flower bird (Zool.), an Australian bird of the genus
Anthornis, allied to the honey eaters.
Flower bud, an unopened flower.
Flower clock, an assemblage of flowers which open and close
at different hours of the day, thus indicating the time.
Flower head (Bot.), a compound flower in which all the
florets are sessile on their receptacle, as in the case of
the daisy.
Flower pecker (Zool.), one of a family (Dic[ae]id[ae]) of
small Indian and Australian birds. They resemble humming
birds in habits.
Flower piece.
(a) A table ornament made of cut flowers.
(b) (Fine Arts) A picture of flowers.
Flower stalk (Bot.), the peduncle of a plant, or the stem
that supports the flower or fructification.
[1913 Webster]Animal \An"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
[1913 Webster]
2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
[1913 Webster]
3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
[1913 Webster]
Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zool.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time:
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or
Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes,
Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa,
including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and
Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera,
Ch[ae]tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina,
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. |
animal flowers
(gcide) | Actinia \Ac*tin"i*a\, n.; pl. L. Actini[ae], E. Actinias.
[Latinized fr. Gr. ?, ?, ray.] (Zool.)
(a) An animal of the class Anthozoa, and family
Actinid[ae]. From a resemblance to flowers in form
and color, they are often called animal flowers and
sea anemones. [See Polyp.].
(b) A genus in the family Actinid[ae].
[1913 Webster] |
Animal force
(gcide) | Force \Force\, n. [F. force, LL. forcia, fortia, fr. L. fortis
strong. See Fort, n.]
1. Capacity of exercising an influence or producing an
effect; strength or energy of body or mind; active power;
vigor; might; often, an unusual degree of strength or
energy; especially, power to persuade, or convince, or
impose obligation; pertinency; validity; special
signification; as, the force of an appeal, an argument, a
contract, or a term.
[1913 Webster]
He was, in the full force of the words, a good man.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power;
violence; coercion; as, by force of arms; to take by
force.
[1913 Webster]
Which now they hold by force, and not by right.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. Strength or power for war; hence, a body of land or naval
combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; --
an armament; troops; warlike array; -- often in the
plural; hence, a body of men prepared for action in other
ways; as, the laboring force of a plantation; the armed
forces.
[1913 Webster]
Is Lucius general of the forces? --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Law)
(a) Strength or power exercised without law, or contrary
to law, upon persons or things; violence.
(b) Validity; efficacy. --Burrill.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Physics) Any action between two bodies which changes, or
tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or
motion; or, more generally, which changes, or tends to
change, any physical relation between them, whether
mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or of
any other kind; as, the force of gravity; cohesive force;
centrifugal force.
[1913 Webster]
Animal force (Physiol.), muscular force or energy.
Catabiotic force [Gr. ? down (intens.) + ? life.] (Biol.),
the influence exerted by living structures on adjoining
cells, by which the latter are developed in harmony with
the primary structures.
Centrifugal force, Centripetal force, Coercive force,
etc. See under Centrifugal, Centripetal, etc.
Composition of forces, Correlation of forces, etc. See
under Composition, Correlation, etc.
Force and arms [trans. of L. vi et armis] (Law), an
expression in old indictments, signifying violence.
In force, or Of force, of unimpaired efficacy; valid; of
full virtue; not suspended or reversed. "A testament is of
force after men are dead." --Heb. ix. 17.
Metabolic force (Physiol.), the influence which causes and
controls the metabolism of the body.
No force, no matter of urgency or consequence; no account;
hence, to do no force, to make no account of; not to heed.
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
Of force, of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively. "Good
reasons must, of force, give place to better." --Shak.
Plastic force (Physiol.), the force which presumably acts
in the growth and repair of the tissues.
Vital force (Physiol.), that force or power which is
inherent in organization; that form of energy which is the
cause of the vital phenomena of the body, as distinguished
from the physical forces generally known.
Syn: Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence;
violence; compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion.
Usage: Force, Strength. Strength looks rather to power as
an inward capability or energy. Thus we speak of the
strength of timber, bodily strength, mental strength,
strength of emotion, etc. Force, on the other hand,
looks more to the outward; as, the force of
gravitation, force of circumstances, force of habit,
etc. We do, indeed, speak of strength of will and
force of will; but even here the former may lean
toward the internal tenacity of purpose, and the
latter toward the outward expression of it in action.
But, though the two words do in a few cases touch thus
closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a
marked distinction in our use of force and strength.
"Force is the name given, in mechanical science, to
whatever produces, or can produce, motion." --Nichol.
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Thy tears are of no force to mollify
This flinty man. --Heywood.
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More huge in strength than wise in works he was.
--Spenser.
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Adam and first matron Eve
Had ended now their orisons, and found
Strength added from above, new hope to spring
Out of despair. --Milton.
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Animal heat
(gcide) | Animal \An"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
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2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
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3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
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Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zool.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time:
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or
Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes,
Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa,
including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and
Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera,
Ch[ae]tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina,
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea.Heat \Heat\ (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu,
h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede,
Sw. hetta. See Hot.]
1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects,
but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation,
and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays,
mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes
directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its
nature heat is a mode of motion, being in general a form
of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly
supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was
given the name caloric.
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Note: As affecting the human body, heat produces different
sensations, which are called by different names, as
heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to
its degree or amount relatively to the normal
temperature of the body.
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2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat
when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human
body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire,
the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.
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3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature,
or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter;
heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.
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Else how had the world . . .
Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! --Milton.
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4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or
color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness;
high color; flush; degree of temperature to which
something is heated, as indicated by appearance,
condition, or otherwise.
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It has raised . . . heats in their faces. --Addison.
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The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red
heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparkling or welding
heat. --Moxon.
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5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or
in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number
of heats.
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6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single
course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as,
he won two heats out of three.
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Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats.
--Dryden.
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[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of
"Tam o' Shanter." --J. C.
Shairp.
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7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle
or party. "The heat of their division." --Shak.
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8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement;
exasperation. "The heat and hurry of his rage." --South.
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9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency; as, in the
heat of argument.
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With all the strength and heat of eloquence.
--Addison.
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10. (Zool.) Sexual excitement in animals; readiness for
sexual activity; estrus or rut.
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11. Fermentation.
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12. Strong psychological pressure, as in a police
investigation; as, when they turned up the heat, he took
it on the lam. [slang]
[PJC]
Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See
under Animal, Blood, etc.
Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying
the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The
atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant,
the mean value being 6.4.
Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes
it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar
motion of the ultimate particles of matter.
Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as
a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion
to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine.
Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food.
Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red
end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible
spectrum.
Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by
the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute
temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and
entropy.
Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent.
Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the
number of units of heat required to raise the temperature
of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one
degree.
Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by
one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water,
initially at a certain standard temperature. The
temperature usually employed is that of 0[deg] Centigrade,
or 32[deg] Fahrenheit.
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Animal kingdom
(gcide) | Kingdom \King"dom\, n. [AS. cyningd[=o]m. See 2d King, and
-dom.]
1. The rank, quality, state, or attributes of a king; royal
authority; sovereign power; rule; dominion; monarchy.
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Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom. --Ps. cxiv.
13.
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When Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his
father, he strengthened himself. --2 Chron.
xxi. 4.
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2. The territory or country subject to a king or queen; the
dominion of a monarch; the sphere in which one is king or
has control.
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Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. --Shak.
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You're welcome,
Most learned reverend sir, into our kingdom. --Shak.
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3. An extensive scientific division distinguished by leading
or ruling characteristics; a principal division; a
department; as, the mineral kingdom. In modern biology,
the division of life into five kingdoms is widely used for
classification. "The animal and vegetable kingdoms."
--Locke.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Animal kingdom. See under Animal.
Kingdom of God.
(a) The universe.
(b) That spiritual realm of which God is the acknowledged
sovereign.
(c) The authority or dominion of God.
Mineral kingdom. See under Mineral.
United Kingdom. See under United.
Vegetable kingdom. See under Vegetable.
Syn: Realm; empire; dominion; monarchy; sovereignty; domain.
[1913 Webster]Animal \An"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
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2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
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3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
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Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zool.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time:
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or
Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes,
Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa,
including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and
Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera,
Ch[ae]tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina,
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. |
Animal magnetism
(gcide) | Magnetism \Mag"net*ism\, n. [Cf. F. magn['e]tisme.]
The property, quality, or state, of being magnetic; the
manifestation of the force in nature which is seen in a
magnet. At one time it was believed to be separate from the
electrical force, but it is now known to be intimately
associated with electricity, as part of the phenomenon of
electromagnetism.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. The science which treats of magnetic phenomena.
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3. Power of attraction; power to excite the feelings and to
gain the affections. "By the magnetism of interest our
affections are irresistibly attracted." --Glanvill.
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Animal magnetism, Same as hypnotism, at one time believe
to be due to a force more or less analogous to magnetism,
which, it was alleged, is produced in animal tissues, and
passes from one body to another with or without actual
contact. The existence of such a force, and its
potentiality for the cure of disease, were asserted by
Mesmer in 1775. His theories and methods were afterwards
called mesmerism, a name which has been popularly applied
to theories and claims not put forward by Mesmer himself.
See Mesmerism, Biology, Od, Hypnotism.
Terrestrial magnetism, the magnetic force exerted by the
earth, and recognized by its effect upon magnetized
needles and bars.
[1913 Webster]Animal \An"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
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2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
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3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
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Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zool.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time:
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or
Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes,
Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa,
including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and
Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera,
Ch[ae]tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina,
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. |
Animal mechanics
(gcide) | Mechanics \Me*chan"ics\, n. [Cf. F. m['e]canique.]
That science, or branch of applied mathematics, which treats
of the action of forces on bodies.
[1913 Webster]
Note: That part of mechanics which considers the action of
forces in producing rest or equilibrium is called
statics; that which relates to such action in
producing motion is called dynamics. The term
mechanics includes the action of forces on all bodies,
whether solid, liquid, or gaseous. It is sometimes,
however, and formerly was often, used distinctively of
solid bodies only: The mechanics of liquid bodies is
called also hydrostatics, or hydrodynamics,
according as the laws of rest or of motion are
considered. The mechanics of gaseous bodies is called
also pneumatics. The mechanics of fluids in motion,
with special reference to the methods of obtaining from
them useful results, constitutes hydraulics.
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Animal mechanics (Physiol.), that portion of physiology
which has for its object the investigation of the laws of
equilibrium and motion in the animal body. The most
important mechanical principle is that of the lever, the
bones forming the arms of the levers, the contractile
muscles the power, the joints the fulcra or points of
support, while the weight of the body or of the individual
limbs constitutes the weight or resistance.
Applied mechanics, the principles of abstract mechanics
applied to human art; also, the practical application of
the laws of matter and motion to the construction of
machines and structures of all kinds.
orbital mechanics, the principles governing the motion of
bodies in orbit around other bodies under gravitational
influence, such as artificial Earth satellites.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
Animal oats
(gcide) | Oat \Oat\ ([=o]t), n.; pl. Oats ([=o]ts). [OE. ote, ate, AS.
[=a]ta, akin to Fries. oat. Of uncertain origin.]
1. (Bot.) A well-known cereal grass (Avena sativa), and its
edible grain, used as food and fodder; -- commonly used in
the plural and in a collective sense.
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2. A musical pipe made of oat straw. [Obs.] --Milton.
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Animated oats or Animal oats (Bot.), A grass ({Avena
sterilis}) much like oats, but with a long spirally
twisted awn which coils and uncoils with changes of
moisture, and thus gives the grains an apparently
automatic motion.
Oat fowl (Zool.), the snow bunting; -- so called from its
feeding on oats. [Prov. Eng.]
Oat grass (Bot.), the name of several grasses more or less
resembling oats, as Danthonia spicata, {Danthonia
sericea}, and Arrhenatherum avenaceum, all common in
parts of the United States.
To feel one's oats,
(a) to be conceited or self-important. [Slang]
(b) to feel lively and energetic.
To sow one's wild oats, to indulge in youthful dissipation.
--Thackeray.
Wild oats (Bot.), a grass (Avena fatua) much resembling
oats, and by some persons supposed to be the original of
cultivated oats.
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Animal oil
(gcide) | Oil \Oil\ (oil), n. [OE. oile, OF. oile, F. huile, fr. L. oleum;
akin to Gr. ?. Cf. Olive.]
Any one of a great variety of unctuous combustible
substances, more viscous than and not miscible with water;
as, olive oil, whale oil, rock oil, etc. They are of animal,
vegetable, or mineral origin and of varied composition, and
they are variously used for food, for solvents, for
anointing, lubrication, illumination, etc. By extension, any
substance of an oily consistency; as, oil of vitriol.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The mineral oils are varieties of petroleum. See
Petroleum. The vegetable oils are of two classes,
essential oils (see under Essential), and {natural
oils} which in general resemble the animal oils and
fats. Most of the natural oils and the animal oils and
fats consist of ethereal salts of glycerin, with a
large number of organic acids, principally stearic,
oleic, and palmitic, forming respectively stearin,
olein, and palmitin. Stearin and palmitin prevail in
the solid oils and fats, and olein in the liquid oils.
Mutton tallow, beef tallow, and lard are rich in
stearin, human fat and palm oil in palmitin, and sperm
and cod-liver oils in olein. In making soaps, the acids
leave the glycerin and unite with the soda or potash.
[1913 Webster]
Animal oil, Bone oil, Dipple's oil, etc. (Old Chem.), a
complex oil obtained by the distillation of animal
substances, as bones. See Bone oil, under Bone.
Drying oils, Essential oils. (Chem.) See under Drying,
and Essential.
Ethereal oil of wine, Heavy oil of wine. (Chem.) See
under Ethereal.
Fixed oil. (Chem.) See under Fixed.
Oil bag (Zool.), a bag, cyst, or gland in animals,
containing oil.
Oil beetle (Zool.), any beetle of the genus Meloe and
allied genera. When disturbed they emit from the joints of
the legs a yellowish oily liquor. Some species possess
vesicating properties, and are used instead of
cantharides.
Oil box, or Oil cellar (Mach.), a fixed box or reservoir,
for lubricating a bearing; esp., the box for oil beneath
the journal of a railway-car axle.
Oil cake. See under Cake.
Oil cock, a stopcock connected with an oil cup. See {Oil
cup}.
Oil color.
(a) A paint made by grinding a coloring substance in oil.
(b) Such paints, taken in a general sense.
(b) a painting made from such a paint.
Oil cup, a cup, or small receptacle, connected with a
bearing as a lubricator, and usually provided with a wick,
wire, or adjustable valve for regulating the delivery of
oil.
Oil engine, a gas engine worked with the explosive vapor of
petroleum.
Oil gas, inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for
lighting streets, houses, etc.
Oil gland.
(a) (Zool.) A gland which secretes oil; especially in birds,
the large gland at the base of the tail.
(b) (Bot.) A gland, in some plants, producing oil.
Oil green, a pale yellowish green, like oil.
Oil of brick, empyreumatic oil obtained by subjecting a
brick soaked in oil to distillation at a high temperature,
-- used by lapidaries as a vehicle for the emery by which
stones and gems are sawn or cut. --Brande & C.
Oil of talc, a nostrum made of calcined talc, and famous in
the 17th century as a cosmetic. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Oil of vitriol (Chem.), strong sulphuric acid; -- so called
from its oily consistency and from its forming the
vitriols or sulphates.
Oil of wine, [OE]nanthic ether. See under [OE]nanthic.
Oil painting.
(a) The art of painting in oil colors.
(b) Any kind of painting of which the pigments are originally
ground in oil.
Oil palm (Bot.), a palm tree whose fruit furnishes oil,
esp. Elaeis Guineensis. See Elaeis.
Oil sardine (Zool.), an East Indian herring ({Clupea
scombrina}), valued for its oil.
Oil shark (Zool.)
(a) The liver shark.
(b) The tope.
Oil still, a still for hydrocarbons, esp. for petroleum.
Oil test, a test for determining the temperature at which
petroleum oils give off vapor which is liable to explode.
Oil tree. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Ricinus (Ricinus communis), from
the seeds of which castor oil is obtained.
(b) An Indian tree, the mahwa. See Mahwa.
(c) The oil palm.
To burn the midnight oil, to study or work late at night.
Volatle oils. See Essential oils, under Essential.
[1913 Webster] |
Animal spirits
(gcide) | Spirit \Spir"it\, n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L.
spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. Conspire,
Expire, Esprit, Sprite.]
1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes,
life itself. [Obs.] "All of spirit would deprive."
--Spenser.
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The mild air, with season moderate,
Gently attempered, and disposed eo well,
That still it breathed foorth sweet spirit.
--Spenser.
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2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a
mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.]
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Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it.
--B. Jonson.
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3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of
corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart
from any physical organization or embodiment; vital
essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.
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4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the
soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides;
the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions,
whether spiritual or material.
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There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the
Almighty giveth them understanding. --Job xxxii.
8.
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As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith
without works is dead also. --James ii.
26.
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Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing,
doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist.
--Locke.
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5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it
has left the body.
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Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was,
and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.
--Eccl. xii.
7.
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Ye gentle spirits far away,
With whom we shared the cup of grace. --Keble.
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6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a
specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an
elf.
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Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all
impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark.
--Locke.
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7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.
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"Write it then, quickly," replied Bede; and
summoning all his spirits together, like the last
blaze of a candle going out, he indited it, and
expired. --Fuller.
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8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great
activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper;
as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.
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Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I
choose for my judges. --Dryden.
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9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or
disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the
plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be
downhearted, or in bad spirits.
[1913 Webster]
God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a
spirit of pulling down. --South.
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A perfect judge will read each work of wit
With the same spirit that its author writ. --Pope.
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10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to
formal statement; also, characteristic quality,
especially such as is derived from the individual genius
or the personal character; as, the spirit of an
enterprise, of a document, or the like.
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11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed
of active qualities.
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All bodies have spirits . . . within them. --Bacon.
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12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol,
the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first
distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.
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13. pl. Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors
having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt
liquors.
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14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf.
Tincture. --U. S. Disp.
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15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal
ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some,
orpiment).
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The four spirits and the bodies seven. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under Stannic.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming
compounds, generally of obvious signification; as,
spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Astral spirits, Familiar spirits, etc. See under
Astral, Familiar, etc.
Animal spirits.
(a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed
to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as
the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the
nervous fluid, or nervous principle.
(b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness;
sportiveness.
Ardent spirits, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum,
whisky, etc., obtained by distillation.
Holy Spirit, or The Spirit (Theol.), the Spirit of God,
or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The
spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or
animated by the Divine Spirit.
Proof spirit. (Chem.) See under Proof.
Rectified spirit (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more
concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the
percentage of absolute alcohol.
Spirit butterfly (Zool.), any one of numerous species of
delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the
genus Ithomia. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute
of scales.
Spirit duck. (Zool.)
(a) The buffle-headed duck.
(b) The golden-eye.
Spirit lamp (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated
spirit is burned.
Spirit level. See under Level.
Spirit of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) See under Hartshorn.
Spirit of Mindererus (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate
of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of
Augsburg.
Spirit of nitrous ether (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid,
of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with nitric and
sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite
with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used as a
diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also
sweet spirit of niter.
Spirit of salt (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called
because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.]
Spirit of sense, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.]
--Shak.
Spirits of turpentine, or Spirit of turpentine (Chem.),
rectified oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless,
volatile, and very inflammable liquid, distilled from the
turpentine of the various species of pine; camphine. It is
commonly used to remove paint from surfaces, or to dissole
oil-based paint. See Camphine.
Spirit of vitriol (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called
because formerly obtained by the distillation of green
vitriol. [Obs.]
Spirit of vitriolic ether (Chem.) ethyl ether; -- often but
incorrectly called sulphuric ether. See Ether. [Obs.]
Spirits of wine, or Spirit of wine (Chem.), alcohol; --
so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of
wine.
Spirit rapper, one who practices spirit rapping; a "medium"
so called.
Spirit rapping, an alleged form of communication with the
spirits of the dead by raps. See Spiritualism, 3.
Sweet spirit of niter. See Spirit of nitrous ether,
above.
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Syn: Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon;
cheerfulness; vivacity; enterprise.
[1913 Webster]Animal \An"i*mal\, a. [Cf. F. animal.]
1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.
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2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as
distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.
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3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food.
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Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism.
Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some
animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc.
Animal flower (Zool.), a name given to certain marine
animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or
sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes,
etc.
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a
living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at
nearly a uniform temperature.
Animal spirits. See under Spirit.
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with
animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera,
Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in
regular subordination, but variously arranged by different
writers.
Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms,
and the principal classes under them, generally
recognized at the present time:
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or
Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes,
Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa,
including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and
Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera,
Ch[ae]tognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina,
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. |
Animal temperature
(gcide) | Temperature \Tem"per*a*ture\, n. [F. temp['e]rature, L.
temperatura due measure, proportion, temper, temperament.]
1. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.
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The best composition and temperature is, to have
openness in fame and opinion, secrecy in habit,
dissimulation in seasonable use, and a power to
feign, if there be no remedy. --Bacon.
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Memory depends upon the consistence and the
temperature of the brain. --I. Watts.
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2. Freedom from passion; moderation. [Obs.]
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In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth,
Most goodly temperature you may descry. --Spenser.
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3. (Physics) Condition with respect to heat or cold,
especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by
the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as,
the temperature of the air; high temperature; low
temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.
Note: The temperature of a liquid or a solid body as measured
by a thermometer is a measure of the average kinetic
energy of the consituent atoms or molecules of the
body. For other states of matter such as plasma,
electromagnetic radiation, or subatomic particles, an
analogous measure of the average kinetic energy may be
expressed as a temperature, although it could never be
measured by a traditional thermometer, let alone by
sensing with the skin.
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4. Mixture; compound. [Obs.]
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Made a temperature of brass and iron together.
--Holland.
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5. (Physiol. & Med.) The degree of heat of the body of a
living being, esp. of the human body; also (Colloq.),
loosely, the excess of this over the normal (of the human
body 98[deg]-99.5[deg] F., in the mouth of an adult about
98.4[deg]).
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Absolute temperature. (Physics) See under Absolute.
Animal temperature (Physiol.), the nearly constant
temperature maintained in the bodies of warm-blooded
(homoiothermal) animals during life. The ultimate source
of the heat is to be found in the potential energy of the
food and the oxygen which is absorbed from the air during
respiration. See Homoiothermal.
Temperature sense (Physiol.), the faculty of perceiving
cold and warmth, and so of perceiving differences of
temperature in external objects. --H. N. Martin.
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Animalcula
(gcide) | Animalculum \An`i*mal"cu*lum\, n.; pl. Animalcula. [NL. See
Animalcule.]
An animalcule.
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Note: Animalcul[ae], as if from a Latin singular animalcula,
is a barbarism.
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Animalcular
(gcide) | Animalcular \An`i*mal"cu*lar\, Animalculine \An`i*mal"cu*line\,
a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. "Animalcular
life." --Tyndall.
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Animalcule
(gcide) | Animalcule \An`i*mal"cule\, n. [As if fr. a L. animalculum, dim.
of animal.]
1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.] --Ray.
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2. (Zool.) An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked
eye. See Infusoria.
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Note: Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be
plants, having locomotive powers something like those
of animals. Among these are Volvox, the
Desmidiac[ae], and the siliceous Diatomace[ae].
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Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa.
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Animalculine
(gcide) | Animalcular \An`i*mal"cu*lar\, Animalculine \An`i*mal"cu*line\,
a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. "Animalcular
life." --Tyndall.
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Animalculism
(gcide) | Animalculism \An`i*mal"cu*lism\, n. [Cf. F. animalculisme.]
1. (Biol.) The theory which seeks to explain certain
physiological and pathological phenomena by means of
animalcules.
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2. (Biol.) The theory that the spermatozo["o]n and not the
ovum contains the whole of the embryo; spermatism; --
opposed to ovism.
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Animalculist
(gcide) | Animalculist \An`i*mal"cu*list\, n. [Cf. F. animalculiste.]
1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules. --Keith.
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2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.
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Animalculum
(gcide) | Animalculum \An`i*mal"cu*lum\, n.; pl. Animalcula. [NL. See
Animalcule.]
An animalcule.
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Note: Animalcul[ae], as if from a Latin singular animalcula,
is a barbarism.
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animalisation
(gcide) | animalisation \animalisation\ n.
1. an act that makes people cruel or lacking normal human
qualities.
Syn: brutalization, brutalisation, animalization
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Animalish
(gcide) | Animalish \An"i*mal*ish\, a.
Like an animal.
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Animalism
(gcide) | Animalism \An"i*mal*ism\, n. [Cf. F. animalisme.]
The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal
life without intellectual or moral qualities or objectives;
preoccupation with sensual, physical, or carnal pleasures.
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animalistic
(gcide) | animalistic \animalistic\ adj.
1. of or pertaining to animalism.
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Animality
(gcide) | Animality \An`i*mal"i*ty\, n. [Cf. F. animalit['e].]
Animal existence or nature. --Locke.
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Animalization
(gcide) | Animalization \An`i*mal*i*za"tion\, n. [Cf. F. animalisation.]
1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or
endowing with animal properties.
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2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of
assimilation. --Owen.
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Animalize
(gcide) | Animalize \An"i*mal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized; p.
pr. & vb. n. Animalizing.] [Cf. F. animaliser.]
1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in
animal form. --Warburton.
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2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of
assimilation.
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3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a
lower animal; to sensualize.
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The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the
animalizing tendency of his own philosophy.
--Coleridge.
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Animalized
(gcide) | Animalize \An"i*mal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized; p.
pr. & vb. n. Animalizing.] [Cf. F. animaliser.]
1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in
animal form. --Warburton.
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2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of
assimilation.
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3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a
lower animal; to sensualize.
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The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the
animalizing tendency of his own philosophy.
--Coleridge.
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Animalizing
(gcide) | Animalize \An"i*mal*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized; p.
pr. & vb. n. Animalizing.] [Cf. F. animaliser.]
1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in
animal form. --Warburton.
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2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of
assimilation.
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3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a
lower animal; to sensualize.
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The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the
animalizing tendency of his own philosophy.
--Coleridge.
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Animally
(gcide) | Animally \An"i*mal*ly\, adv.
Physically. --G. Eliot.
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Animalness
(gcide) | Animalness \An"i*mal*ness\, n.
Animality. [R.]
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bear animalcules
(gcide) | Tardigrada \Tar`di*gra"da\, n. pl. [NL. See Tardigrade, a.]
1. (Zool.) A tribe of edentates comprising the sloths. They
are noted for the slowness of their movements when on the
ground. See Sloth, 3.
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2. (Zool.) An order of minute aquatic arachnids; -- called
also bear animalcules, sloth animalcules, and {water
bears}.
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Bell animalcule
(gcide) | Bell animalcule \Bell" an`i*mal"cule\ (Zool.)
An infusorian of the family Vorticellid[ae], common in
fresh-water ponds.
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