| slovo | definícia |
mutation
(mass) | mutation
- zmena |
mutation
(encz) | mutation,mutace n: Zdeněk Brož |
mutation
(gcide) | mutation \mu*ta"tion\ (m[-u]*t[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L. mutatio, fr.
mutare to change: cf. F. mutation. See Mutable.]
Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.
[1913 Webster]
The vicissitude or mutations in the superior globe are
no fit matter for this present argument. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Biol.) Gradual definitely tending variation, such as may
be observed in a group of organisms in the fossils of
successive geological levels.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3. (Biol.)
(a) As now employed (first by de Vries), a cellular
process resulting in a sudden inheritable variation
(the offspring differing from its parents in some
well-marked character or characters) as distinguished
from a gradual variation in which the new characters
become fully developed only in the course of many
generations. The occurrence of mutations, the
selection of strains carrying mutations permitting
enhanced survival under prevailing conditions, and the
mechanism of hereditary of the characters so
appearing, are well-established facts; whether and to
what extent the mutation process has played the most
important part in the evolution of the existing
species and other groups of organisms is an unresolved
question.
(b) The result of the above process; a suddenly produced
variation.
Note: Mutations can occur by a change in the fundamental
coding sequence of the hereditary material, which in
most organisms is DNA, but in some viruses is RNA. It
can also occur by rearrangement of an organism's
chromosomes. Specific mutations due to a change in DNA
sequence have been recognized as causing certain
specific hereditary diseases. Certain processes which
produce variation in the genotype of an organism, such
as sexual mixing of chromosomes in offspring, or
artificially induced recombination or introduction of
novel genetic material into an organism, are not
referred to as mutation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]
4. (Biol.) a variant strain of an organism in which the
hereditary variant property is caused by a mutation[3].
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
mutation
(wn) | mutation
n 1: (biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting
from chromosomal alteration [syn: mutant, mutation,
variation, sport]
2: (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any
alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the
genotype of an organism [syn: mutation, genetic mutation,
chromosomal mutation]
3: a change or alteration in form or qualities |
MUTATION
(bouvier) | MUTATION, French law. This term is synonymous with change, and is
particularly applied to designate the change which takes place in the
property of a thing in its transmission from one person to another;
permutation therefore happens when, the owner of the thing sells, exchanges
or gives it. It is nearly synonymous with transfer. (q.v.) Merl. Repert.
h.t.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
commutation
(mass) | commutation
- výmena |
mutation
(mass) | mutation
- zmena |
chromosomal mutation
(encz) | chromosomal mutation, n: |
commutation
(encz) | commutation,výměna n: Zdeněk Brož |
commutation ticket
(encz) | commutation ticket, n: |
gene mutation
(encz) | gene mutation, n: |
genetic mutation
(encz) | genetic mutation, n: |
missense mutation
(encz) | missense mutation,mutace měnící smysl [med.] gondver |
mutation
(encz) | mutation,mutace n: Zdeněk Brož |
mutational
(encz) | mutational,mutační adj: Zdeněk Brož |
mutations
(encz) | mutations,mutace pl. Zdeněk Brož |
permutation
(encz) | permutation,permutace n: Zdeněk Brož |
permutations
(encz) | permutations,permutace n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
point mutation
(encz) | point mutation, n: |
transmutation
(encz) | transmutation,přeměna n: Zdeněk Brožtransmutation,transmutace n: Zdeněk Brož |
Angle of commutation
(gcide) | Commutation \Com`mu*ta"tion\, n. [L. commutatio: cf. F.
commutation.]
1. A passing from one state to another; change; alteration;
mutation. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
So great is the commutation that the soul then hated
only that which now only it loves. --South.
[1913 Webster]
2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the
commutation of more bulky commodities. --Arbuthnot.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) The change of a penalty or punishment by the
pardoning power of the State; as, the commutation of a
sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment.
[1913 Webster]
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for
money agreed to be given as a commutation for
penance. --Blackstone.
[1913 Webster]
4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a
substitution of one form of payment for another, or one
payment for many, or a specific sum of money for
conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of
tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of copyright;
commutation of rations.
[1913 Webster]
5. regular travel from a place of residence to a place where
one's daily work is performed; commuting. Most often, such
travel is performed between a suburb and a nearby city.
[1913 Webster]
Angle of commutation (Astron.), the difference of the
geocentric longitudes of the sun and a planet.
Commutation of tithes, the substitution of a regular
payment, chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in
kind.
Commutation ticket, a ticket, as for transportation, which
is the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced
rate. See 2d Commute, 2.
[1913 Webster] |
Commutation
(gcide) | Commutation \Com`mu*ta"tion\, n. [L. commutatio: cf. F.
commutation.]
1. A passing from one state to another; change; alteration;
mutation. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
So great is the commutation that the soul then hated
only that which now only it loves. --South.
[1913 Webster]
2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the
commutation of more bulky commodities. --Arbuthnot.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) The change of a penalty or punishment by the
pardoning power of the State; as, the commutation of a
sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment.
[1913 Webster]
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for
money agreed to be given as a commutation for
penance. --Blackstone.
[1913 Webster]
4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a
substitution of one form of payment for another, or one
payment for many, or a specific sum of money for
conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of
tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of copyright;
commutation of rations.
[1913 Webster]
5. regular travel from a place of residence to a place where
one's daily work is performed; commuting. Most often, such
travel is performed between a suburb and a nearby city.
[1913 Webster]
Angle of commutation (Astron.), the difference of the
geocentric longitudes of the sun and a planet.
Commutation of tithes, the substitution of a regular
payment, chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in
kind.
Commutation ticket, a ticket, as for transportation, which
is the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced
rate. See 2d Commute, 2.
[1913 Webster] |
Commutation of tithes
(gcide) | Commutation \Com`mu*ta"tion\, n. [L. commutatio: cf. F.
commutation.]
1. A passing from one state to another; change; alteration;
mutation. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
So great is the commutation that the soul then hated
only that which now only it loves. --South.
[1913 Webster]
2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the
commutation of more bulky commodities. --Arbuthnot.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) The change of a penalty or punishment by the
pardoning power of the State; as, the commutation of a
sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment.
[1913 Webster]
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for
money agreed to be given as a commutation for
penance. --Blackstone.
[1913 Webster]
4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a
substitution of one form of payment for another, or one
payment for many, or a specific sum of money for
conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of
tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of copyright;
commutation of rations.
[1913 Webster]
5. regular travel from a place of residence to a place where
one's daily work is performed; commuting. Most often, such
travel is performed between a suburb and a nearby city.
[1913 Webster]
Angle of commutation (Astron.), the difference of the
geocentric longitudes of the sun and a planet.
Commutation of tithes, the substitution of a regular
payment, chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in
kind.
Commutation ticket, a ticket, as for transportation, which
is the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced
rate. See 2d Commute, 2.
[1913 Webster] |
Commutation ticket
(gcide) | Commutation \Com`mu*ta"tion\, n. [L. commutatio: cf. F.
commutation.]
1. A passing from one state to another; change; alteration;
mutation. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
So great is the commutation that the soul then hated
only that which now only it loves. --South.
[1913 Webster]
2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the
commutation of more bulky commodities. --Arbuthnot.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) The change of a penalty or punishment by the
pardoning power of the State; as, the commutation of a
sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment.
[1913 Webster]
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for
money agreed to be given as a commutation for
penance. --Blackstone.
[1913 Webster]
4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a
substitution of one form of payment for another, or one
payment for many, or a specific sum of money for
conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of
tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of copyright;
commutation of rations.
[1913 Webster]
5. regular travel from a place of residence to a place where
one's daily work is performed; commuting. Most often, such
travel is performed between a suburb and a nearby city.
[1913 Webster]
Angle of commutation (Astron.), the difference of the
geocentric longitudes of the sun and a planet.
Commutation of tithes, the substitution of a regular
payment, chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in
kind.
Commutation ticket, a ticket, as for transportation, which
is the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced
rate. See 2d Commute, 2.
[1913 Webster]Commutation ticket \Com`mu*ta"tion tick"et\
A ticket for transportation at a reduced rate in
consideration of some special circumstance, as increase of
travel; specif., a ticket for a certain number of, or for
daily, trips between neighboring places at a reduced rate,
such as are commonly used by those doing business in a city
and living in a suburb. Commutation tickets are excepted from
the prohibition against special rates contained in the
Interstate Commerce Act of Feb. 4, 1887 (--24 Stat. 379), and
in 145 U. S. 263 it was held that party tickets were also
excepted as being "obviously within the commuting principle."
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
For Angles of commutation
(gcide) | Angle \An"gle\ ([a^][ng]"g'l), n. [F. angle, L. angulus angle,
corner; akin to uncus hook, Gr. 'agky`los bent, crooked,
angular, 'a`gkos a bend or hollow, AS. angel hook, fish-hook,
G. angel, and F. anchor.]
1. The inclosed space near the point where two lines meet; a
corner; a nook.
[1913 Webster]
Into the utmost angle of the world. --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
To search the tenderest angles of the heart.
--Milton.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geom.)
(a) The figure made by. two lines which meet.
(b) The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines
meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.
[1913 Webster]
3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment.
[1913 Webster]
Though but an angle reached him of the stone.
--Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Astrol.) A name given to four of the twelve astrological
"houses." [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
5. [AS. angel.] A fishhook; tackle for catching fish,
consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a
rod.
[1913 Webster]
Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
A fisher next his trembling angle bears. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or less than
90[deg].
Adjacent or Contiguous angles, such as have one leg
common to both angles.
Alternate angles. See Alternate.
Angle bar.
(a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle where two faces of
a polygonal or bay window meet. --Knight.
(b) (Mach.) Same as Angle iron.
Angle bead (Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle
of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of
a wall.
Angle brace, Angle tie (Carp.), a brace across an
interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse
and securing the two side pieces together. --Knight.
Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or plate of iron having
one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or
connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to
which it is riveted.
Angle leaf (Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or
less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to
strengthen an angle.
Angle meter, an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for
ascertaining the dip of strata.
Angle shaft (Arch.), an enriched angle bead, often having a
capital or base, or both.
Curvilineal angle, one formed by two curved lines.
External angles, angles formed by the sides of any
right-lined figure, when the sides are produced or
lengthened.
Facial angle. See under Facial.
Internal angles, those which are within any right-lined
figure.
Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with a curved
line.
Oblique angle, one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a
right angle.
Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or more than
90[deg].
Optic angle. See under Optic.
Rectilineal or Right-lined angle, one formed by two right
lines.
Right angle, one formed by a right line falling on another
perpendicularly, or an angle of 90[deg] (measured by a
quarter circle).
Solid angle, the figure formed by the meeting of three or
more plane angles at one point.
Spherical angle, one made by the meeting of two arcs of
great circles, which mutually cut one another on the
surface of a globe or sphere.
Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of light, or two
straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object
to the center of the eye.
For Angles of commutation, draught, incidence,
reflection, refraction, position, repose, fraction,
see Commutation, Draught, Incidence, Reflection,
Refraction, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
Immutation
(gcide) | Immutation \Im"mu*ta"tion\, n. [L. immutatio, from immutare,
immutatum, to change. See Immute.]
Change; alteration; mutation. [R.] --Dr. H. More.
[1913 Webster] |
Intermutation
(gcide) | Intermutation \In`ter*mu*ta"tion\, n.
Interchange; mutual or reciprocal change.
[1913 Webster] |
mutation
(gcide) | mutation \mu*ta"tion\ (m[-u]*t[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L. mutatio, fr.
mutare to change: cf. F. mutation. See Mutable.]
Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.
[1913 Webster]
The vicissitude or mutations in the superior globe are
no fit matter for this present argument. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Biol.) Gradual definitely tending variation, such as may
be observed in a group of organisms in the fossils of
successive geological levels.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3. (Biol.)
(a) As now employed (first by de Vries), a cellular
process resulting in a sudden inheritable variation
(the offspring differing from its parents in some
well-marked character or characters) as distinguished
from a gradual variation in which the new characters
become fully developed only in the course of many
generations. The occurrence of mutations, the
selection of strains carrying mutations permitting
enhanced survival under prevailing conditions, and the
mechanism of hereditary of the characters so
appearing, are well-established facts; whether and to
what extent the mutation process has played the most
important part in the evolution of the existing
species and other groups of organisms is an unresolved
question.
(b) The result of the above process; a suddenly produced
variation.
Note: Mutations can occur by a change in the fundamental
coding sequence of the hereditary material, which in
most organisms is DNA, but in some viruses is RNA. It
can also occur by rearrangement of an organism's
chromosomes. Specific mutations due to a change in DNA
sequence have been recognized as causing certain
specific hereditary diseases. Certain processes which
produce variation in the genotype of an organism, such
as sexual mixing of chromosomes in offspring, or
artificially induced recombination or introduction of
novel genetic material into an organism, are not
referred to as mutation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]
4. (Biol.) a variant strain of an organism in which the
hereditary variant property is caused by a mutation[3].
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
ocher mutation
(gcide) | ocher mutation \o"cher mu"tation\ n. [A humorous variation on
the term amber mutation.] (Microbiology, Molecular biology)
A mutation in which the base sequence of one of the codons in
the messenger RNA has been converted to UAA. Such a mutation
may be conditionally suppressed, as can an amber mutation,
by the presence of a special transfer RNA. -- ocher mutant,
n.
[PJC] Ocherous |
Permutation
(gcide) | Permutation \Per`mu*ta"tion\ (p[~e]r`m[-u]"t[=a]"sn[u^]n), n.
[L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See Permute.]
1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another;
mutual transference; interchange.
[1913 Webster]
The violent convulsions and permutations that have
been made in property. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Math.)
(a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things,
as units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible
orders, one after the other; -- called also
alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4.
(b) Any one of such possible arrangements.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) Barter; exchange.
[1913 Webster]
Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts can be
transposed or shifted, so as to require different
arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of
unlocking.
[1913 Webster] |
Permutation lock
(gcide) | Permutation \Per`mu*ta"tion\ (p[~e]r`m[-u]"t[=a]"sn[u^]n), n.
[L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See Permute.]
1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another;
mutual transference; interchange.
[1913 Webster]
The violent convulsions and permutations that have
been made in property. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Math.)
(a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things,
as units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible
orders, one after the other; -- called also
alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4.
(b) Any one of such possible arrangements.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Law) Barter; exchange.
[1913 Webster]
Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts can be
transposed or shifted, so as to require different
arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of
unlocking.
[1913 Webster] |
Transmutation
(gcide) | Transmutation \Trans`mu*ta"tion\, n. [F. transmutation, L.
transmutatio. See Transmute.]
1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted;
as, the transmutation of metals.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geom.) The change or reduction of one figure or body into
another of the same area or solidity, but of a different
form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
3. (Biol.) The change of one species into another, which is
assumed to take place in any development theory of life;
transformism. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base
metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by
the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone,
under Philosopher.
[1913 Webster] |
Transmutation of metals
(gcide) | Transmutation \Trans`mu*ta"tion\, n. [F. transmutation, L.
transmutatio. See Transmute.]
1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted;
as, the transmutation of metals.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geom.) The change or reduction of one figure or body into
another of the same area or solidity, but of a different
form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
3. (Biol.) The change of one species into another, which is
assumed to take place in any development theory of life;
transformism. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base
metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by
the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone,
under Philosopher.
[1913 Webster] |
Transmutationist
(gcide) | Transmutationist \Trans`mu*ta"tion*ist\, n.
One who believes in the transmutation of metals or of
species.
[1913 Webster] |
chromosomal mutation
(wn) | chromosomal mutation
n 1: (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any
alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the
genotype of an organism [syn: mutation, {genetic
mutation}, chromosomal mutation] |
commutation
(wn) | commutation
n 1: the travel of a commuter [syn: commutation, commuting]
2: a warrant substituting a lesser punishment for a greater one
3: (law) the reduction in severity of a punishment imposed by
law [syn: commutation, re-sentencing]
4: the act of putting one thing or person in the place of
another: "he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution
came too late to help" [syn: substitution, exchange,
commutation] |
commutation ticket
(wn) | commutation ticket
n 1: a ticket good for several trips or to attend a season of
entertainments; sold at a reduced rate [syn: {commutation
ticket}, season ticket] |
gene mutation
(wn) | gene mutation
n 1: (genetics) a mutation due to an intramolecular
reorganization of a gene [syn: point mutation, {gene
mutation}] |
genetic mutation
(wn) | genetic mutation
n 1: (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any
alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the
genotype of an organism [syn: mutation, {genetic
mutation}, chromosomal mutation] |
mutation
(wn) | mutation
n 1: (biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting
from chromosomal alteration [syn: mutant, mutation,
variation, sport]
2: (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any
alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the
genotype of an organism [syn: mutation, genetic mutation,
chromosomal mutation]
3: a change or alteration in form or qualities |
mutational
(wn) | mutational
adj 1: of or relating to or resulting from mutation |
permutation
(wn) | permutation
n 1: an event in which one thing is substituted for another;
"the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor
blood" [syn: substitution, permutation,
transposition, replacement, switch]
2: the act of changing the arrangement of a given number of
elements
3: complete change in character or condition; "the
permutations...taking place in the physical world"- Henry
Miller
4: act of changing the lineal order of objects in a group |
point mutation
(wn) | point mutation
n 1: (genetics) a mutation due to an intramolecular
reorganization of a gene [syn: point mutation, {gene
mutation}] |
transmutation
(wn) | transmutation
n 1: an act that changes the form or character or substance of
something [syn: transmutation, transubstantiation]
2: a qualitative change [syn: transformation, transmutation,
shift]
3: (physics) the change of one chemical element into another (as
by nuclear decay or radioactive bombardment); "the
transmutation of base metals into gold proved to be
impossible" |
mutation testing
(foldoc) | Mutation Testing
A method to determine test set thoroughness by
measuring the extent to which a test set can discriminate the
program from slight variants of the program.
(1996-12-27)
|
permutation
(foldoc) | permutation
1. An ordering of a certain number of elements
of a given set.
For instance, the permutations of (1,2,3) are (1,2,3) (2,3,1)
(3,1,2) (3,2,1) (1,3,2) (2,1,3).
Permutations form one of the canonical examples of a "group"
- they can be composed and you can find an inverse permutation
that reverses the action of any given permutation.
The number of permutations of r things taken from a set of n
is
n P r = n! / (n-r)!
where "n P r" is usually written with n and r as subscripts
and n! is the factorial of n.
What the football pools call a "permutation" is not a
permutation but a combination - the order does not matter.
2. A bijection for which the domain and range are the
same set and so
f(f'(x)) = f'(f(x)) = x.
(2001-05-10)
|
COMMUTATION
(bouvier) | COMMUTATION, punishments. The change of a punishment to which a person has
been condemned into a less severe one. This can be granted only by the
executive authority in which the pardoning power resides.
|
MUTATION OF LIBEL
(bouvier) | MUTATION OF LIBEL, practice. An amendment allowed to a libel, by which there
is an alteration of the substance of the libel, as by propounding a new
cause of action, or asking one thing instead of another. Dunl. Adm. Pr. 213;
Law's Eccl. Law, 165-167; 1 Paine's R. 435; 1 Gall. R. 123; 1 Wheat. R. 26l.
|
PERMUTATION
(bouvier) | PERMUTATION, civil law. Exchange; barter.
2. This contract is formed by the consent of the parties, but delivery
is indispensable; for, without it, it mere agreement. Dig. 31, 77, 4; Code,
4, 64, 3.
3. Permutation differs from sale in this, that in the former a delivery
of the articles sold must be made, while in the latter it is unnecessary. It
agrees with the contract of sale, however, in the following particulars: 1.
That he to whom the delivery is made acquires the right or faculty of
prescribing. Dig. 41, 3, 4, 17. 2. That the contracting parties are bound to
guaranty to each other the title of the things delivered. Code, 4, 64, 1. 3.
That they are bound to take back the things delivered, when they have latent
defects which they have concealed. Dig. 21, 1, 63. See Aso & Man. Inst. B.
2, t. 16, c. 1; Nutation; Transfer.
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