| slovo | definícia |
NO3-
(gcide) | Ion \I"on\ ([imac]"[o^]n), n. [Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr.
of 'ie`nai to go.]
1. (Elec. Chem.) an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying
an electrical charge. It is contrasted with neutral atoms
or molecules, and free radicals. Certain compounds, such
as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in
the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution. Others,
notably acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as
neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and
ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions. In
solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound
non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that
case are said to be solvated. According to the
electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of
electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other
solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries
one unit charges of electricity, 3.4 x 10^-10
electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. Those which
are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are
called cations; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms
or groups) are called anions.
Note: Thus, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates, in aqueous
solution, into the hydrogen ion, H+, and the chlorine
ion, Cl-; ferric nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, yields the
ferric ion, Fe+++, and nitrate ions, NO3-, NO3-,
NO3-. When a solution containing ions is made part of
an electric circuit, the cations move toward the
cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is
called migration, and the velocity of it differs for
different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is
sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their
charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or
decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali;
similarly, at the anode the element of the anion
separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or
decomposition occurs. Aluminum and chlorine are
elements prepared predominantly by such electrolysis,
and depends on dissolving compounds in a solvent where
the element forms ions. Electrolysis is also used in
refining other metals, such as copper and silver. Cf.
Anion, Cation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2. One of the small electrified particles into which the
molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the
electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays,
and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior
of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through
rarefied gases and many other important effects are
ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be
electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At
ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number
of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in
various ways.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
AgNO3
(gcide) | Nitrate \Ni"trate\, n. [Cf. F. nitrate.] (Chem.)
A salt of nitric acid.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrate of silver, a white crystalline salt (AgNO3), used
in photography and as a cauterizing agent; -- called also
lunar caustic, and more commonly called {silver
nitrate}.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C12H13NO3
(gcide) | Cotarnine \Co*tar"nine\ (k?-t?r"n?n or -n?n), n. [F., fr.
narcotine, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline substance, C12H13NO3, obtained as a
product of the decomposition of narcotine. It has weak basic
properties, and is usually regarded as an alkaloid.
[1913 Webster] |
C12H17NO3
(gcide) | Cerulenin \Ce`ru*len"in\, n. [isolated from Cephalosporium
caerulens.] (Chem.)
an antifungal antibiotic, C12H17NO3. It inhibits the growth
of yeasts by interfering with the synthesis of sterols and
fatty acids.
[PJC] |
C18H21NO3
(gcide) | Codeine \Co"deine\ (k[=o]"d[=e]n or k[-o]*d[=e]"[i^]n), n. [Gr.
kw`deia poppy head: cf. F. cod['e]ine.] (Chem.)
One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance,
C18H21NO3, similar to and regarded as a derivative of
morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also
codeia.
[1913 Webster] |
C19H21NO3
(gcide) | Thebaine \The*ba"ine\, n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian
opium produced at Thebes.] (Chem.)
A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small
quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic
action resembling that of strychnine.
[1913 Webster] |
C3H7NO3
(gcide) | Serine \Ser"ine\ (s[e^]r"[=e]n; s[e^]r"[i^]n; also, less
correctly, s[=e]r"[=e]n), n. [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.)
one of the natural L-amino acids, obtainable as a white
crystalline nitrogenous substance by the action of dilute
sulphuric acid on silk gelatin. It is found in many proteins,
and, having a free primary hydroxyl group on the side chain,
is involved in the catalytic action at the active site of
some enzymes, such as proteases. The IUPAC abbreviation for
serine in protein sequences is Ser. Chemically it is
2-amino-3-hydroxy-propanoic acid (C3H7NO3),
HO.CH2.CH(NH2).COOH.
[1913 Webster +PJC] Serio-comic |
C5H9NO3
(gcide) | hydroxyproline \hydroxyproline\ n.
A crystalline amino acid (C5H9NO3), a hydroxylated proline,
obtained by hydrolysis of gelatin or collagen. Chemically it
is 4-hydroxy-L-proline. It is classified as nonessential for
growth in rats.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C7H17NO3
(gcide) | acetylcholine \acetylcholine\ n.
1. a neurotransmitter released by the transmitting dendron at
autononmous synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. It is
a quaternary amine with an obligatory negative counterion.
The nominal formula for the hydroxide form is C7H17NO3.
Structural formula (CH3)3N(+)CH2CH2.O.CO.CH3.OH(-).
Note: Acetylcholine is the first recognized and best-studied
of the neurotransmitters. At receptors it is recycled
into choline by the action of acetylcholinesterase.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors therefore function as
nerve poisons. For biochemical studies it is prepared
typically in the chloride or bromide forms.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C7H7NO3
(gcide) | Orcein \Or"ce*in\, n. (Chem.)
A reddish brown amorphous dyestuff, C7H7NO3, obtained from
orcin, and forming the essential coloring matter of cudbear
and archil. It is closely related to litmus.
[1913 Webster] |
C8H11NO3
(gcide) | norepinephrine \norepinephrine\ n.
A hormone (C8H11NO3) secreted by the adrenal medulla; it
also serves as a neurotransmitter, released at synapses;
called also noradrenaline. Chemically it is
2-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol. It is a precursor of
epinephrine in the body.
Syn: noradrenaline.
[WordNet 1.5] norethandrolone |
C9H13NO3
(gcide) | Adrenaline \Ad*re"nal*ine\, n. Also Adrenalin \Ad*re"nal*in\
(Physiol. Chem.)
a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that acts as a
powerful stimulant in reponse to fear or stress; it
stimulates autonomic nerve action. It can be obtained as a
crystalline substance, C9H13NO3. It is used in medicine as
a vasoconstrictor (hemostatic) and cardiac stimulant, also to
reduce allergic reactions and to stimulate the heart in cases
of cardiac arrest. --MI11
Syn: epinephrine;
3,4-dihydroxy-1-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)-ethyl]benzene.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC] |
FeNO33
(gcide) | Ion \I"on\ ([imac]"[o^]n), n. [Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr.
of 'ie`nai to go.]
1. (Elec. Chem.) an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying
an electrical charge. It is contrasted with neutral atoms
or molecules, and free radicals. Certain compounds, such
as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in
the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution. Others,
notably acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as
neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and
ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions. In
solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound
non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that
case are said to be solvated. According to the
electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of
electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other
solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries
one unit charges of electricity, 3.4 x 10^-10
electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. Those which
are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are
called cations; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms
or groups) are called anions.
Note: Thus, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates, in aqueous
solution, into the hydrogen ion, H+, and the chlorine
ion, Cl-; ferric nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, yields the
ferric ion, Fe+++, and nitrate ions, NO3-, NO3-,
NO3-. When a solution containing ions is made part of
an electric circuit, the cations move toward the
cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is
called migration, and the velocity of it differs for
different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is
sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their
charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or
decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali;
similarly, at the anode the element of the anion
separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or
decomposition occurs. Aluminum and chlorine are
elements prepared predominantly by such electrolysis,
and depends on dissolving compounds in a solvent where
the element forms ions. Electrolysis is also used in
refining other metals, such as copper and silver. Cf.
Anion, Cation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2. One of the small electrified particles into which the
molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the
electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays,
and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior
of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through
rarefied gases and many other important effects are
ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be
electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At
ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number
of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in
various ways.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
KNO3
(gcide) | Saltpeter \Salt`pe"ter\, Saltpetre \Salt`pe"tre\,
(s[add]lt`p[=e]"t[~e]r), n. [F. salp[^e]tre, NL. sal petrae,
literally, rock salt, or stone salt; so called because it
exudes from rocks or walls. See Salt, and Petrify.]
(Chem.)
Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance,
KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching
from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of
nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong
oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also
used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.
[1913 Webster]
Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from
potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline
substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly
bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the
rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent
and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter.
Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.
[1913 Webster] |
NaNO3
(gcide) | Saltpeter \Salt`pe"ter\, Saltpetre \Salt`pe"tre\,
(s[add]lt`p[=e]"t[~e]r), n. [F. salp[^e]tre, NL. sal petrae,
literally, rock salt, or stone salt; so called because it
exudes from rocks or walls. See Salt, and Petrify.]
(Chem.)
Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance,
KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching
from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of
nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong
oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also
used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.
[1913 Webster]
Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from
potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline
substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly
bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the
rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent
and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter.
Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.
[1913 Webster] |
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